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Dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammation and pancreatic injury in a rat model of experimental severe acute pancreatitis via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第9期133卷 1073-1079页

作者： Dong-Ya Huang Qiang Li Chen-Yuan Shi Chao-Qun Hou Yi Miao Hong-Bing Shen Department of Pancreas Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211116China

Background:Excessive inflammatory responses play a critical role in the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and controlling such inflammation is vital for managing this often fatal *** has been reported to possess protective properties in inflammatory ***,this study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine pre-treatment exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in rats with SAP induced by sodium taurocholate,and if so,to determine the potential ***:SAP was induced with sodium *** received an intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 30 min before sodium taurocholate administration.α-bungarotoxin,a selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAchR)antagonist,was injected intra-peritoneally 30 min before dexmedetomidine *** role of the vagus nerve was evaluated by performing unilateral cervical vagotomy before the administration of *** discharge of the vagal nerve was recorded by the BL-420F Data Acquisition&Analysis *** hours after onset,serum pro-inflammatory cytokine(tumor necrosis factorα[TNF-α]and interleukin 6[IL-6])levels and amylase levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an automated biochemical analyzer,*** changes in the pancreas were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored according to Schmidt ***:Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and amylase,strongly alleviating pathological pancreatic injury in the rat model of SAP(TNF-α:174.2±30.2 vs.256.1±42.4 pg/ml;IL-6:293.3±46.8 vs.421.7±48.3 pg/ml;amylase:2102.3±165.3 vs.3186.4±245.2 U/L).However,the anti-inflammatory and pancreatic protective effects were abolished after vagotomy or pre-administration ofα-*** also significantly increased the discharge frequency and amplitude of the cervical vagus nerve in the SAP rat model(dischar

关键词： Dexmedetomidine Severe acute pancreatitis Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway Inflammation vagus nerve α7nAChR

Effect of cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with lipopolysaccharideinduced peritonitis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第13期123卷 1727-1730页

作者： LIU Zhi-hai MA Yue-feng WU Jun-song GAN Jian-xin XU Shao-wen JIANG Guan-yu Department of Emergency Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009 China

Background The nervous system, through the vagus nerve and its neurotransmitter acetylcholine, can down-regulate the systemic inflammation in vivo, and recently, a role of brain cholinergic mechanisms in activating this cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been indicated. Galanthamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor and one of the centrally acting cholinergic agents available in clinic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-a） in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and the possible role of the vagus nerve in the action of galanthamine. Methods Rat models of lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and bilateral cervical vagotomy were produced. In the experiment 1, the rats were randomly divided into control group, peritonitis group, and peritonitis groups treated with three dosages of galanthamine. In the experiment 2, the rats were randomly divided into sham group, sham plus peritonitis group, sham plus peritonitis group treated with galanthamine, vagotomy plus peritonitis group, and vagotomy plus peritonitis group treated with galanthamine. The levels of plasma TNF-α were determined in every group. Results The level of circulating TNF-α was significantly increased in rats after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin. Galanthamine treatment decreased the level of circulating TNF-α in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and there was significant difference compared with rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis without treatment. The 3 mg/kg dosage of galanthamine had the most significant inhibition on circulating TNF-α level at all the three tested doses. Galanthamine obviously decreased the TNF-a level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with sham operation, but could not decrease the TNF-α level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with vagotomy. Conclusion Cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine has an inhibitory effect on TNF-α relea

关键词： cholinesterase inhibitors galanthamine tumor necrosis factor alpha vagus nerve

Effect of ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrogram on vagal modulation in dogs

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第22期123卷 3288-3292页

作者： ZHANG Shu-long DONG Ying-xue JIANG Peng GAO Lian-jun CHA Yong-mei Douglas L. Packer XIA Yun-long YIN Xiao-meng CHANG Dong YANG Yan-zong Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116011 China Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA

Background Clinical observations have shown that the complex fractionated atrial electrogram （CFAE） associates with ganglionated plexus activity in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CFAE ablation on vagal modulation to atria and vulnerability to develop atrial fibrillation （AF）. Methods Ten adult mongrel dogs were involved. Cervical sympathovagal trunks were decentralized and sympathetic effects were blocked. CFAE was color tagged on the atrial 3-dimensional image and ablated during AF induced by S1S2 programmed stimulation plus sympathovagal trunk stimulation. Atrial effective refractory period （ERP） and vulnerability window （VW） of AF were measured on baseline and at vagal stimulation at 4 atrium sites. Serial tissue sections from ablative and control specimens received hematoxylin and eosin staining for microscopic examination. Results Most CFAE areas were localized at the right superior pulmonary quadrant, distal coronary sinus （CS~） quadrant, and proximal coronary sinus （CSp） quadrant （21.74%, separately）. Sinus rhythm cycle length （SCL） shortening did not decrease significantly after ablation at the sites, including right atrial appendage, left atrial appendage, CSd, and CSp （P 〉0.05）. ERP shortening during vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.01）; the VW to vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.05）. The architecture of individual ganglia altered after ablation. Conclusions CFAE has an autonomic basis in dogs. The decreased SCL and ERP shortening to vagal stimulation after CFAE ablation demonstrate that CFAE ablation attenuates vagal modulation to the atria, thereby suppressing AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity. CFAE ablation could suppress AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity.

关键词： atrial fibrillation autonomic nervous system catheter ablation complex fractionated atrial electrogram vagus nerve

Low dose transdermal scopolamine increases cardiac vagal tone in patients after acute myocardial infarction

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第5期115卷 770-772,158页

作者：王留义王丽霞张永珍张炳勇陈明哲河南省人民医院心内科郑州450003 北京大学第三医院心内科北京100083

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transdermal scopolamine increased cardiac vagal activity in patients during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. METHODS: 30 patients with a first acute myocardial infarction and preserved sinus rhythm who were on no drug that could influence the sinus node were randomly assigned to either treatment group or placebo group. Measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients given drug or placebo were obtained by digital 24 hour Holter recording before and after treatment. Baroreflex sensitivity was performed using the phenylephrine method. RESULTS: No significant differences was found in the indices of the time domain and the frequency domain in both groups before treatment. Patients with transdermal scopolamine showed a significant increase in the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of all five min mean normal RR intervals (SDANN), root mean square of differences of successive normal RR intervals (rMSSD), total power (TP, 0.000. - 0.40 Hz), low frequency peak (LF, 0.040 - 0.15 Hz), high frequency peak (HF, 0.15 - 0.40 Hz), and Baroreflex sensitivity after treatment (P

关键词： Administration, Cutaneous Adult Aged Baroreflex Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Heart Heart Rate Humans Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction Scopolamine vagus nerve

Is there an acute exercise-induced physiological/biochemical threshold which triggers increased speed of cognitive functioning? A meta-analytic investigation

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第1期4卷 4-13页

作者： Terry Mc Morris Beverley J.Hale Department of Sport and Exercise Science University of ChichesterCollege Lane

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytic measures, the evidence regarding the optimal exercise intensity at which improvements in speed of cognitive function are triggered. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the catecholamine, lactate, and ventilatory thresholds is the point at which significant improvements in speed of cognitive function are observed. Methods： We compared mean effect sizes for threshold studies and for those studies where exercise intensity was classed as moderate （40%-- 79% VO2 or equivalent） but in which the thresholds were not measured. Results： Random effects meta-analysis showed significant, moderate, mean effect sizes for studies at the threshold （g = 0.58, Z = 2.98, p 〈 0.003） and for those during moderate intensity exercise but in which the threshold was not measured （ g = 0.54, Z = 5.0l, p 〈 0.001）. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes, which suggests that the thresholds are unlikely to represent a trigger point. Conclusion： Moderate intensity exercise, even below the thresholds, can induce improved speed of cognition, possibly due to a combination of increased peripheral catecholamine concentrations inducing vagal/nucleus tractus solitarii pathway activation and central increases due to perceptions of stress.

关键词： Catecholamine threshold Lactate threshold Stress vagus nerve Ventilatory threshold

Impacts of electroacupuncture at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2022年第2期32卷 142-148页

作者： Sen YANG Yu-rui WU Zheng ZHAN Yan-hong PAN Jin-feng JIANG Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

Objective:To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture(EA)at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:A total of 30 SD male rats were collected.8 rats of them were in a control group and the rest22 rats were prepared as the model of T2D by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin(STZ)and high-fat *** glucose≥16.7 mmol/L for 3 times was considered as modeling success in rats,thus the rats were collected in a T2D group(n=16).These 16 T2D rats were divided into a model group(n=8)and an intradermal auricular electroacupuncture stimulation(iaES)group(n=8)according to random number *** the iaES group,intervention with EA was applied at auricular concha unilaterally each time,once daily,on both sides alternatively,5-day treatment as 1 course,at the interval of 2 days between courses,totally for 4 *** any intervention was given in the model group and the control *** the end of 4 weeks of intervention,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion were determined,ELISA method was adopted to determine gastrin(GAS)and motilin(MTL),and random blood glucose value and food intake were recorded in the iaES group,the model group and the control group ***:After modeling,as compared with the control group,the food intake and random blood glucose were increased significantly(both P0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at auricular concha improves gastrointestinal motility in T2D model rats.

关键词： Diabetes Type 2 diabetes mellitus vagus nerve Gastrointestinal motility Auricular concha Electroacupuncture(EA)

Genesis of Schizophrenia: An Introspective Review

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2023年第2期12卷 71-81页

作者： Ashok Kumar Dudi National Career Service Centre for Differently Abled Ranchi India Rehabilitation Council of India New Delhi India Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists Bhiwadi India

Research and Results: Schizophrenia begins with nasal obstruction, disrupting supraschalemic nucleus output and lateralized ultradian body rhythms. If one nostril is blocked, vaso-choking occurs in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere cortex, which has vesicles connected to the nose. This disturbs the ultradian balance of the body and brain hemispheres causing abnormal behavior and bizarre thinking. The brain has a bidirectional connection and communication with the body via the nervous system. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), and vagus nerve are linked. ANS lateralization can switch from parasympathetic to sympathetic due to vagus nerve changes. Schizophrenia is characterized by Basic Rest Activity Cycle (BRAC) energy balance disruption. Let’s examine how a disruption in the lateralization of the nasal cycle can lead to pathology in the mind. Purpose and Method: A literary search is conducted in comparison with authors’ introspective insights to summarize schizophrenia’s genesis after curing this disease to fill the knowledge gap between a few relevant theories to build a percept of the disease through this (mini) narrative review. Conclusion: Nasal cycle and vagus nerve toning can play roles in mental health.

关键词： Nasal Cycle Lateralized Rhythms Body Systems vagus nerve

THE EFFECT OF PULMONARY TONIC VAGAL INPUT ON DURATION ENDURING APNEA DURING ACUTE APNEA IN RABBIT

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西南医科大学学报 1992年第4期 271-277页

作者： Liu Xuerong, Xu Fengzhou, Wu Lisha, Liu Zhongrong, Luo Zongying, Li Lihua and Chen Xiaoping Department of physiology

研究了43只麻醉、肌松和人工通气家免,切断颈迷走神经急性窒息时膈神经放电的影响。切断迷走神经后耐受窒息时间缩短(P<0.01),其中窒息潜伏期延长,兴奋期和抑制期缩短。积分膈神经活动幅度明显降低(P<0.01)。恢复期第一次中枢呼吸活动... 详细信息

研究了43只麻醉、肌松和人工通气家免,切断颈迷走神经急性窒息时膈神经放电的影响。切断迷走神经后耐受窒息时间缩短(P<0.01),其中窒息潜伏期延长,兴奋期和抑制期缩短。积分膈神经活动幅度明显降低(P<0.01)。恢复期第一次中枢呼吸活动延迟。这些差别与动脉血气变化,切断喉上神经、喉返神经和腹部迷走神经无密切关系。SO阻断肺牵张感受器后,主要表现耐受窒息时间显著延长(P<0.01)。提示窒息时肺牵张感受器和激惹感受器的活动,经迷走神经紧张性传入,可加剧窒息时膈神经放电肥应,使耐受窒息时间延长。

关键词： Asphyxia phrenic nerve vagus nerve Superior laryngeal nerve Recurrent laryneal nerve Blood gas analysis

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大鼠蓝斑核对迷走-迷走抑胃反射的加强作用

Current Zoology 1987年第2期33卷 117-122页

作者：李在琉金元哲金吉光全芳兰郑炳镇延边医学院生理学教研室延边医学院生理学教研室吉林

本文研究了蓝斑核对迷走-迷走抑胃反射的影响。实验结果表明,单独刺激迷走神经中枢端抑制胃电和胃运动,胃电慢波的振幅和胃内压分别下降到对照值的60.9％和45.7％,与对照值相比有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。刺激迷走神经中枢端的同时,... 详细信息

本文研究了蓝斑核对迷走-迷走抑胃反射的影响。实验结果表明,单独刺激迷走神经中枢端抑制胃电和胃运动,胃电慢波的振幅和胃内压分别下降到对照值的60.9％和45.7％,与对照值相比有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。刺激迷走神经中枢端的同时,以弱刺激刺激蓝斑核时,胃电慢渡的振幅和胃内压分别下降到对照值的42.1％和34.1％,与单独刺激迷走神经的效果相比较有非常显著的差异(P<0.01)。本文结果提示:蓝斑核的兴奋加强迷走-迷走抑胃反射。

关键词： Locus coeruleus vagus nerve Gastrointestinal motility Gastric electrical activity.