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Research progress on rare earth up-conversion and near-infrared Ⅱ luminescence in biological applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 87-96页

作者： Miao Yang Haijiang Gong Dan Yang Lili Feng Shili Gai Fangmei Zhang He Ding Fei He Piaoping Yang Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Yantai Research Institute Harbin Engineering UniversityYantai 264000China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Rare earth luminescence has attracted widespread attention for several decades, among which nearinfrared(NIR) light-related up-conversion luminescence and NIR-Ⅱ luminescence are widely used in the biomedical field. The NIR-related luminescence is widely studied due to the excellent performance, such as good biocompatibility, deep tissue penetration depth, low self-fluorescence and minimal light damage to organisms. In this review, we mainly introduce the mechanism for rare earth up-conversion luminescence, NIR-Ⅱ luminescence and conclude their advantages compared with traditional luminescence.These excellent priorities provide the basis for NIR-related luminescence bioimaging in vivo. Additionally,we hilglight the scheme for the sensitive detection of substances in organisms and various methods for biological therapy. In spite of the existing research, it is outlined that NIR-related luminescence has great potential to be applied in different aspects, expanding perspectives and future challenges of research in related fields. Based on the current scientific achievements, this review can provide reference for research in the areas mentioned above, expand the research direction and arouse a broad interest in different disciplines to pay attention to rare earth luminescence.

关键词： Rare earth up-conversion NIR-Ⅱ Imaging Biosensor Therapy

Multiple anti-counterfeiting strategy by integrating up-conversion,down-shifting luminescence, phosphorescence and photochromism into Na YTiO4: Bi/Er phosphors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第35期130卷 219-226页

作者： Yuzhen Wang Xuanyi Yuan Yongge Cao Chaoyang Ma Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Department of Physics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

With the rapid development of science and technology,the high-security-level anti-counterfeiting technique is essential for ensuring property or information security.In this work,we prepared micron NaYTiO_(4):Bi/Er(NYT:Bi/Er) phosphors with integrating up-conversion(UC) photoluminescence,downshifting(DS) emission,phosphorescence and photochromism(PC) performances for advanced multiple anti-counterfeiting application.Owing to the abundant energy levels of Er^(3+)ions,the UC and DS luminescence behaviors are anticipated.Specifically,the yellow-green emission of Er^(3+)ions can be observed upon 980 nm excitation,and the bright green emission is demonstrated under 281 or 254 nm excitation due to the energy transitions of Er^(3+)ions and the energy transfer process from Bi^(3+)to Er^(3+)ions.Besides,the introduction of Bi^(3+)ions generates defect levels in the matrix and thus leads to phosphorescence.Furthermore,the repeatable PC performance could be triggered by the 365 nm irradiation and vanished with 450 nm illumination or thermal stimulation.To verify the practical usability of NYT:Bi/Er phosphors on anti-counterfeiting applications,some experiments are designed and successfully executed.It is believed that the NYT:Bi/Er phosphors can be a promising candidate for high-security-level multiple anti-counterfeiting.

关键词： Anti-counterfeiting up-conversion Down shifting Phosphorescence Photochromism NaYTiO4 Bi/Er

White up-conversion luminescence and highly-sensitive optical temperature sensing in Na_(3)La(VO_(4))_(2):Yb,Er,Tm,Ho phosphors

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第7期41卷 981-988,I0001页

作者： Qi Xiao Xiumei Yin Lin Lv Xinyao Dong Na Zhou Kuichao Liu Xixian Luo Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials&Devices of Liaoning ProvinceSchool of Physics and Materials EngineeringDalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China Department of Physics Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

In this work,tunable white up-conversion luminescence was achieved in the Yb^(3+),Er^(3+),Tm^(3+),Ho^(3+) codoped Na_(3)La(VO_(4))_(2) phosphors under 980 nm excitation.The emissions of three primary colors are mainly attributed to the ~2H_(11/2)/~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(15/2) transitions of Er^(3+),~1G_(4)→~3H_6 transition of Tm^(3+),and_5F_5→~5I_8 transition of Ho^(3+).White luminescence characteristics and mechanisms of up-conversion system were investigated in detail.In addition,the temperature sensing behaviors of multiple levels emission combinations for Na_(3)La(VO_(4))_(2):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+),Tm^(3+),Ho^(3+) were analyzed by employing thermally coupled and non-thermally coupled energy levels.Based on the emissions of ~3F_(2,3)/~1G_(4) energy levels,the maximum relative and absolute sensitivities were obtained to be 2.20%/K and 0.279 K^(-1).The design of up-conversion luminescence materials with high-quality white luminescence and excellent sensitivity performance is critical in the field of optical applications.

关键词： up-conversion Na_(3)La(VO_(4))_(2) White luminescence Temperature sensing Sensitivity Rare earths

Improving PSCs' Short-circuit Current by Adding NaErF_(4): 0.5%Tm@NaLuF_(4) up-conversion Nanoparticles Insertion Layer

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第6期39卷 1070-1076页

作者： LIU Deye LU Yang LI Xu LIU Fengmin LIU Xiaomin LU Geyu State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012P.R.China

In this study,we synthesized a core-shell structure of up-conversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)and deposited it on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO).Subsequently,we assembled a series of perovskite solar cells with FTO/UCNPs/c-TiO_(2)/mp-TiO_(2)/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structures with an effective area of 0.04 cm^(2).To optimize the devices,we adjusted the concentration of UCNPs precursor.The optimized device showed a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.73%and a short-circuit current density(Jsc)of 26.94 mA/cm^(2) at AM 1.5.These values are 9.20%and 10.47%higher than those of the best performing control device(15.32%for PCE and 24.12 mA/cm^(2) for Jsc),respectively.Furthermore,we characterized the perovskite layer,charge transport layer,and perovskite solar cells using various analytical methods.The results showed that the addition of UCNPs not only improved the charge extraction and transfer,but also enhanced the stability of electron transport layer devices.In conclusion,our findings offer a process for optimizing perovskite cells using UCNPs and preliminarily analyzing their principles.

关键词： Solar cell Perovskite up-conversion

Empowering perovskite PbTiO_(3) nanoparticles with enhanced up-conversion luminescence and thermal sensitivity by introducing Er^(3+) dopant

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第2期19卷 45-50页

作者：朱静徐时清雷磊黄飞飞肖珍 Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

up-convertion(UC)perovskite Er^(3+)-doped Pb TiO3(Er-PTO)nanoparticles with green and red emissions were synthesized via the hydrothermal method.The UC properties were manipulated by adjusting the concentration of Er^(3+) ions dopant.The green emission intensity was decreased as the doping concentration increased from 1% to 4%(mole fraction),whereas the red emission intensity was increased.The influences of Er^(3+) ions on the temperature-sensing performance were further investigated.The results demonstrated that Er-PTO nanoparticles with doping 1% Er^(3+) ions possessed a sensitivity of3.1×10^(-3) K^(-1) at 475 K,presenting a high potential in optical heating devices.

关键词： perovskite PbTiO_(3) doping up-conversion temperature sensor

Hydrothermal synthesis and up-conversion luminescence of Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)co-doped CaF_2

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第6期23卷 271-277页

作者：杨征郭崇峰陈叶青李琳李婷郑仲铉 National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base) in Shaanxi Province Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology Northwest University Department of Physics Pukyong National University

CaF2：Ho3＋/Yb3＋ nano-particles with intense green up-conversion （UC） luminescence are successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach by using NH4F as the fluoride source and Na2EDTA as a chelating reagent. Powder X- ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and UC emission spectra are used to characterize the structures, shapes, and luminescent properties of the samples. The effects from fluoride sources and chelating reagents on the formations of CaF2 nano-particles are investigated, and the for- mation process is also deduced. Under the excitation of a 980-nm laser diode, the samples each show a green up-conversion emission centered at 540 nm corresponding to the 5S2/5F4-＋518 transitions of Ho3＋. Moreover, the UC mechanisms of Ho3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped CaF2 nano-particles are also discussed.

关键词： CaF2 nano-particles up-conversion hydrothermal synthesis

Visible-light emission properties of α-TeO_2:Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Eu^(3+) nanoparticles via both up-and down-conversion modes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2016年第11期34卷 1069-1076页

作者：张遥范国康胡辉陈伟龙白燕 Department of Chemistry Jinan University

In this study,α-TeO2：Ho3＋/Yb3＋,α-TeO2：Eu3＋ andα-TeO2：Ho3＋/Yb3＋/Eu3＋ nanoparticles were prepared via a simple hydrothermal process. The up- and down-conversion properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were tested at room temperature un-der a near-infrared photo source （980 nm） and UV-vis photo source, respectively.The results indicated thatα-TeO2 NPs were a kind of outstanding host material for both up- and down-conversion luminescence. Theα-TeO2：Ho3＋/Yb3＋nanoparticles showed sharp up-conversion emission at 545 and 660 nm under 980 nm excitation, ascribed to the5S2→5I8 and5F5→5I8（Ho3＋） transitions, and weaker down-conversion emission at 545 nm under 455 nm excitation, ascribed to the5S2→5I8（Ho3＋） transitions. Theα-TeO2：Eu3＋nanoparticles showed strong down-conversion emission at 592 and 615 nm under 395 nm excitation, attributed to the5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 （Eu3＋） transitions. Possessing the advantages of these two luminescent materials, the as-prepared tri-doped samples ofα-TeO2：0.5Ho3＋/10Yb3＋/3Eu3＋（mol.%）nanoparticles could successfully emit visible light via both up- and down-conversion modes.

关键词： up-conversion down-conversion luminescence α-TeO2 nanoparticles rare earths

up-conversion luminescence of Tm^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped oxy-fluoride glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第2期28卷 194-197页

作者：徐利宋博肖生春吕景文 Department of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology

The oxy-fluorosilicate glasses co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ were prepared.The absorption spectra were recorded.The Tm3+ ion showed two absorption bands,with one at 774 nm due to 1G4→3H6 transition and the other at 667 nm due to 1G4→3F4 transition.The energy transfer between Tm3+ ion and Yb3+ ion and the up-conversion fluorescence of Tm3+ ion were investigated using 980 nm LD excitation.The results showed that the blue and red emissions were three-photon absorption processes corresponding with 1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3F4...

关键词： Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doping up-conversion oxy-fluorosilicate glass rare earths

Effects of the annealing temperature on the structure and up-conversion photoluminescence of ZnO film

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第12期34卷 2392-2397页

作者： Xiaoqi Meng Changjiang Zhao Boxu Xu Pei Wang Juncheng Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Auditing Department Tianjin Polytechnic University

The up-conversion film is being tried to increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the silicon solar cell. To improve the efficiency of the photoluminescence film, the effects of the annealing temperature were investigated on the structure and photoluminescence of the ZnO up-conversion film, which was prepared using the sol-gel method and the spin-coating technique. The results show that the organic compounds and water in the ZnO film were completely eliminated when the annealing temperature reached 500 ℃. The crystallinity of film is improved and the average grain size continuously increases as increasing the annealing temperature. The transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-2000 nm continuously increases as the annealing temperature increases from 500 ℃ to 700 0 C, whilst it decreases first and then increases as the annealing temperature increases from 800 ℃ to 1000℃. When the film is excited with a laser of 980 nm, there are two intense emission bands in the up-conversion emission spectra, 542-nm green light and 660-nm red light, corresponding to Ho;:;S;/;F;→;I;and;F;→;I;transitions, respectively. In addition, the intensity of up-conversion luminescence for the film increases first and then decreases with the increase of the annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature is at 900 ℃, the film consists of small round compact particles with a high degree of crystallization,reaching maximum up-conversion intensity of the film.

关键词： Photoluminescence up-conversion Annealing Sol-gel ZnO film