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Degradation of a protected mountain area by tourist traffic:case study of the Tatra National Park,Poland

Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2503-2519页

作者： Joanna FIDELUS-ORZECHOWSKA Elzbieta GORCZYCA Marcin BUKOWSKI Kazimierz KRZEMIEN Institute of Geography Pedagogical University of KrakowPodchorqzych 230-084 KrakowPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 730-387 KrakowPoland Tatra National Park Kuznice 134-500 ZakopanePoland

Mountain protected areas are characterized by high biodiversity,which makes it a great challenge for managers to maintain a balance between their use and the stability of natural *** that balance is particularly difficult in areas with high tourism *** expected volume of tourist traffic should be considered at the planning stage of the tourist infrastructure development *** capacity of tourist infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation,which is hard,or at times impossible,to *** our research,we identified patterns of tourist footpath and road functioning in an environmentally protected area with high volumes of tourist *** from geomorphologic mapping was analyzed in order to identify tourist footpath and road structures in the Tatra National Park(TNP).Fieldwork was conducted in several stages between 1995 and *** from the years 1977,2009,2017 and 2019 were used to identify and compare degraded zones along selected tourist *** zones were defined as areas surrounding a footpath or tourist road with a mean width larger than or equal to 10 meters,with heavily damaged or completely removed vegetation and exposed,weathered cover,where geomorphic processes that would not take place under normal conditions are readily *** examined tourist footpaths and roads vary in terms of their morphometric *** has shown important differences between mean and maximum footpath width as well as maximum incision depth for the forest zone versus the subalpine and alpine zones.A lack of differences in these parameters was noted between the alpine and subalpine *** has shown that an increase in the surface area of degraded zones found adjacent to tourist footpaths occurred in all the studied geo-ecological zones in the study ***,the largest increase occurred atop wide ridgelines found in the alpine *** zones may be an indication of exce

关键词： tourist traffic Degraded zones Mountain area Morphogenetic processes Carrying capacity

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Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW Poland

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 2035-2047页

作者： Mateusz ROGOWSKI Department of Tourism and Recreation Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz UniversityBogumitla Krygowskiego 1061-680 PoznanPoland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of *** number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of *** situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting *** aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement *** MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in *** the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was *** data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were *** 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in *** SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in *** order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were *** the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism *** MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.

关键词： tourist traffic Visitor flow Pyroelectric sensors Eco-Counter Hiking Stolowe Mts.National Park

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Factors determining changes in the network of marked hiking trails in the Sudetes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1075-1099页

作者： Krzysztof KOŁODZIEJCZYK Department of Regional Geography and Tourism Institute of Geography and Regional DevelopmentFaculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of WroclawNo.1Uniwersytecki Square50-137 WroclawPoland

Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are well designed and maintained).Owing to the variety of performed functions,their designation is determined by several factors:natural,technical,economic,*** of trails change *** aim of this article is to determine exactly what factors influence transformations within the hiking trail networks and what is their *** this end,three study areas in the Sudetes were analysed:one on the Polish side of the Sudetes-the Table(Stołowe)Mountains,and two on the Czech side-the rock town near the village of Sloup vČechách and the central part of Zlatohorská*** analysis of changes in the shape of the networks over time was carried out,as well as surveys of institutions that were responsible for or influenced these *** areas are characterised by a significant level of changes in the trail *** the factors influencing these changes,the tourist attractiveness of the area,the resilience of the environment,the intensity of tourism traffic,the environmental transformations associated with it,the history of tourism development and land ownership changes should be considered the most *** each stage of forming networks,the key factor should be tourists’needs,including the desire to escape the urbanised *** this reason,trails should avoid roads with artificial(hard)surfaces and heavy automobile traffic.

关键词： Hiking trails Trail networks Graphs tourist traffic Sudetes

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