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Molecular survey of Tick-Borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in Tuscany, Italy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 702-705页

作者： Valentina Virginia Ebani Fabrizio Bertelloni Barbara Turchi Dario Filogari Domenico Cerri Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa

Objective: To determine the prevalence of zoonotic Tick-Borne bacteria in feeding ticks removed from hunted wild animals. Methods: PCR was executed on DNA extracted from 77 tick pools to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. Results: A total of 432 ticks were collected: 30(6.94%) Haemaphysalis punctata, 72(16.7%) Dermacentor marginatus and 330(76.38%) Ixodes ricinus. For each animal one or two pools of 3 ticks of the same species was constituted. Seventy-seven tick pools were examined by PCR: 58(75.32%) resulted infected and among them 14(18.18%) showed co-infections. In particular, 29(37.66%) pools were positive for Bartonella spp., 23(29.87%) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 16(20.78%) for Rickettsia spp., and 5(6.49%) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. All samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the presence of several zoonotic Tick-Borne pathogens in the studied area, and underline the risk of exposure to infections for hunters not only during the outdoor activity, but also when they manipulate hunted animals infested by infected ticks.

关键词： Ixodid ticks Tick-Borne bacteria Wild animals PCR Hunters

Tick-Borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第5期3卷 430-441页

作者： Petra Bogovic Franc Strle Department of Infectious Diseases University Medical Center Ljubljana

Tick-Borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by Tick-Borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. During the last few decades the incidence of the disease has been increasing and poses a growing health problem in almost all endemic European and Asian countries. Most cases occur during the highest period of tick activity, in Central Europe mainly from April to November. tickborne encephalitis is more common in adults than in children. Clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from mild meningitis to severe meningoencephalitis with or without paralysis. Rare clinical manifestations are an abortive form of the disease and a chronic progressive form. A post-encephalitic syndrome, causing long-lasting morbidity that often affects the quality of life develops in up to 50% of patients after acute Tick-Borne encephalitis. Clinical course and outcome vary by subtype of Tick-Borne encephalitis virus(the disease caused by the European subtype has milder course and better outcome than the disease caused by Siberian and Far-Easter subtypes), age of patients(increasing age is associated with less favorable outcome), and host genetic factors. Since clinical features and laboratory results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid are nonspecific, the diagnosis must be confirmed by microbiologic findings. The routine laboratory confirmation of the Tick-Borne encephalitis virus infection is based mainly on the detection of specific Ig M and Ig G antibodies in serum(and cerebrospinal fluid), usually by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There is no specific antiviral treatment for Tick-Borne encephalitis. Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting Tick-Borne encephalitis endemic areas.

关键词： Tick-Borne encephalitis Diagnosis Epidemiology Clinical manifestations Treatment Prevention/vaccination

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第3期12卷 66-72页

作者： Maulik K Lathiya Praveen Errabelli Salvatore Mignano Susan M Cullinan Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau ClaireWI 54703United States Department of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau ClaireWI 54703United States Department of Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND Anaplasmosis is a Tick-Borne disease with a range of clinical manifestations,from a flu-like illness with fever and myalgias to a severe systemic disease with multisystem organ failure.Although renal involvement is not a common presentation,there have been few cases reporting acute kidney injury from Anaplasmosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a 55-year-old female with anaplasmosis who developed acute kidney injury due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN).The patient originally presented with cough and shortness of breath.She was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and received antibiotics.During the hospital course she developed severe acute renal failure.Initial serological work up didn’t provide any conclusive diagnosis.Hence,she underwent kidney biopsy which showed MPGN pattern suggesting autoimmune,multiple myeloma or infectious etiology.Extensive work up was undertaken which was negative for autoimmune diseases,vasculitis panel,paraproteinemias but tested positive for IgG anaplasma with high titers indicating Anaplasmosis.CONCLUSION Our case shows a unique presentation of severe acute renal failure from MPGN from tick borne illness.MPGN is usually seen with autoimmune diseases,hepatitis C virus infections,paraproteinemias.Hence,we suggest that tick borne illness should also be considered when evaluating acute renal failure cases in tick borne prevalent regions.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Tick-Borne Anaplasmosis Case report

PathoDNA, an Advanced Diagnostic for Lyme Disease &Co-Infections Utilizing Next Generation DNA Sequencing with Greater Sensitivity and Selectivity than ELISA/Western Blot

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第4期11卷 405-429页

作者： Robert Schettig Ruth Tan-Lim Daniel Warren Zachary Poteet Rory Sears Michael Hummel Connor Coffin Kendra Quart Christopher Aussems Ronald Matthias Jr. David Medina Matthew Klein Gayle Roberts John C. Oertle III Dino Prato Envita Scottsdale USA

The controversial subject of chronic Lyme disease has occupied medical discourse for years while contributing to unprecedented patient suffering in the United States and abroad. A general misunderstanding of Lyme disease and overconfidence in the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) recommended two-step test for Lyme disease has led to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment over the years. This leads to increasing medical expenses and worse outcomes for patients. The two-step test, an ELISA immunoblot followed by a confirmatory Western blot, yields accuracy rates as low as 29% for acute Lyme disease and 75% for chronic Lyme disease. While these practices have been a staple of microbiology for decades, these accuracy rates are unacceptable for diagnostic tests when better technology is available. PathoDNA, a Next-Generation DNA sequencing test for Lyme disease and other Tick-Borne pathogens, achieves accuracy rates of 98% for B. burgdorferi and 95% or greater for other common Tick-Borne pathogens with superior sensitivity and selectivity. PathoDNA is a Clinical Laboratory Improvement and Amendments (CLIA)-validated laboratory test that achieves these results utilizing Next Generational DNA Sequencing and a proprietary bioinformatics database. Thus, it allows for rapid results and specific identification of Tick-Borne illnesses. In this article, we will compare this promising technology against the existing standards for diagnosing and testing Lyme disease. We believe that PathoDNA can set a new standard for identifying Borrelia and diagnosing Lyme disease along with other Tick-Borne infections.

关键词： Lyme Disease ticks Tick-Borne Borrelia Sequencing Diagnosis

Are There Undiagnosed TBE-, Herpes- or Enteroviral Infections among Children Being Evaluated for Lyme Neuroborreliosis?

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第3期4卷 123-129页

作者： Barbro H. Skogman Pia Forsberg Sirkka Vene Britt Akerlind 不详

Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in children is a challenging diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enterovirus or Tick-Borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) could be identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum from children being evaluated for LNB, in order to elucidate whether such infectious diseases may be missed by the clinician. Methods: Ninety-nine pediatric patients (n = 99) were retrospectively included from a previous study on LNB in southeast of Sweden. They had been diagnosed as “Possible LNB” or “Not determined” due to negative Borrelia antibody index in CSF. Routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used for detection of herpes viral RNA or enteroviral DNA in CSF. An ELISA assay was used for detection of anti-TBEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum. Results: One patient showed elevated anti-TBEV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum, indicating a current TBE infection. No positive PCR reactions for HSV 1 or 2, VZV or enterovirus were detected in CSF from any of the patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that undiagnosed herpes- or enteroviral infections are unlikely to explain CNS symptoms in children being evaluated for LNB, whereas missed TBE infections may occur. TBEV serology should be included when evaluating children for LNB in TBE endemic areas.

关键词： Enterovirus Herpes Simplex Virus Lyme Neuroborreliosis Varicella Zoster Virus Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Inhibition of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and <i>Babesia canis</i>transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第3期3卷 24-32页

作者： Alina Rodríguez-Mallon Gervasio H. Bechara Rosangela M. Zacarias Efrain Benavides-Ortiz Jose Luis Soto-Rivas Arlen Patricia Gómez-Ramírez Javier Andrés Jaimes-Olaya Mario Pablo Estrada-García Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología Habana Cuba Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Ciencias Comerciales Altamira Nicaragua Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La Salle Bogotá DC Colombia Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Jaboticabal Brazil

GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several Tick-Borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of Tick-Borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.

关键词： Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ehrlichia canis Babesia canis Tick-Borne Diseases Dogs Bm86

"anaplasma camelii" in one-humped camels () in Morocco: a novel and emergingspecies?

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2017年第1期06卷 67-68-69-70-71-72-73-74页

作者： Lbacha Hicham Ait Zouagui Zaid Alali Said Rhalem Abdelkbir Petit Elisabeth Ducrotoy Marie Julie Boulouis Henri-Jean Maillard Renaud InstitutAgronomiqueetVétérinaireHassanII RabatMorocco Départementdemédecine chirurgieetreproductionMadinatAlIrfaneRabatInstitutsIAVHassanIIBP6202Rabat10101MoroccoInstitutAgronomiqueetVétérinaireHassanIIRabatMoroccoInstitutAgronomiqueetVétérinaireHassanIIRabatMoroccoInstitutAgronomiqueetVétérinaireHassanIIRabatMoroccoAnsesENVAINRABIPARMaisons-AlfortFranceDivisionofInfectionandPathwayMedicineSchoolofBiomedicalSciencesCollegeofMedicineandVeterinaryMedicineTheUniversityofEdinburghEdinburghUK CevaSantéAnimale LibourneFranceAnsesENVAINRABIPARMaisons-AlfortFranceINP-ENVTToulouseFranc

Background: There has been a growing interest in camel anaplasmosis due to its recent emergence in this reservoir species and concerns for its zoonotic potential. The epidemiology of anaplasmosis in camels therefore remains poorly understood mostly because camels belong to marginalised poor and often transhumant populations whose interests are largely neglected. Most studies of anaplasmosis in camels have relied on microscopy and serology for diagnosis and only three studies, undertaken in Tunisia, Saudia Arabia and China, have used molecular diagnostics. The present work characterises Anaplasmataceae strains circulating in theCamelus dromedarius reservoir in Morocco using PCR.Methods: Camels (n = 106) were randomly sampled from 6 regions representing different agro-ecological areas in southern Morocco. Whole blood was collected and screened using PCR methods targeting the genegroEL. Anaplasmataceae strains were characterised by sequence analysis of the genegroEL.Results: A total of 39.62% (42/106) camels screened were positive for Anaplasmataceae spp. GenBank BLAST analysis of five positive sequenced samples revealed that all strains were 100% identical to "Candidatus Anaplasma camelii". Phylogenetic investigation and genetic characterisation of the aligned segment (650 bp) of the genegroEL confirmed high similarity withA. platys.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the circulation of a previously unidentified species of the genusAnaplasma in Morocco which is genetically close to the agent causing canine anaplasmosis but whose main reservoir is thought to beCamelus dromedarius. Trial registration number: This study is not a clinical trial and therefore a trial registration number does not apply.

关键词： Anaplasma camelii Tick-Borne One-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) groEL Phylogeny Morocco