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The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?

Fungal Diversity 2020年第4期103卷 219-271页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Yi-Jyun Chen Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Mark S.Calabon Hong-Bo Jiang Chuan-Gen Lin Chada Norphanphoun Phongeun Sysouphanthong Dhandevi Pem Saowaluck Tibpromma Qian Zhang Mingkwan Doilom Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Chayanard Phukhamsakda Rungtiwa Phookamsak Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Naritsada Thongklang Yong Wang Yusufjon Gafforov E.B.Gareth Jones Saisamorn Lumyong Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Ecology Division Biotechnology and Ecology InstituteMinistry of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box:2279VientianeLao PDR Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Faculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34Al khoud123 MuscatOman Laboratory of Mycology Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan32 Durmon Yuli StreetTashkent 100125Uzbekistan Department of Ecology Andijan State University129 Universitet StreetAndijan 170100Uzbekistan Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi A

The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 *** are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa,which is between 2.6 and 4.5%of the estimated *** forums such as Botanica Marina series,Fungal Diversity notes,Fungal Biodiversity Profiles,Fungal Systematics and Evolution-New and Interesting Fungi,Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last *** need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized,but there is much research needed before this can be better *** address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its *** genera are barely known,whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily *** this paper,we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each *** genera are the ascomycetes Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis(with many species or complexes),Atrocalyx,Dothiora,Lignosphaeria,Okeanomyces,Rhamphoriopsis,Thozetella,thyrostroma(rela-tively poorly studied genera)and the basidiomycete genus *** provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further *** include(1)the need to establish what is a species,(2)the need to establish how host-specific fungi are,not in highly disturbed urban areas,but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests,and(3)the need to establish if species in different continents,islands,countries or regions are different,or if the same fungi occur worldwide?Finally,we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.

关键词： 11 new taxa Atrocalyx Colletotrichum Dothiora fungal numbers Host-specificity Lepiota Lignosphaeria Okeanomyces Pestalotiopsis Rhamphoriopsis Thozetella thyrostroma

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新疆巩留县杏果实斑点病病原菌鉴定

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林业科学研究 2019年第2期32卷 117-122页

作者：程元淮稳霞姚艳霞林若竹刘忠军赵文霞国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所北京100091 新疆维吾尔自治区林业有害生物防治检疫局新疆乌鲁木齐830000

[目的]鉴定引起新疆巩留县杏树果实斑点病病原菌,研究造成杏树果实病害的原因,为当地杏树防治工作提供依据。[方法]采用常规组织分离法分离得到罹病杏真菌菌株,利用传统形态学观察和分子系统学分析相结合的方式对所分离出菌株进行分类... 详细信息

[目的]鉴定引起新疆巩留县杏树果实斑点病病原菌,研究造成杏树果实病害的原因,为当地杏树防治工作提供依据。[方法]采用常规组织分离法分离得到罹病杏真菌菌株,利用传统形态学观察和分子系统学分析相结合的方式对所分离出菌株进行分类鉴定及其致病性检测。[结果]杏果病斑处的病原菌在显微镜下观察到分生孢子形态与经PDA培养基培养后观察到分生孢子形态均与thyrostroma carpophilum(Lév.) B. Sutton所产生分生孢子一致;将分离获得的3株真菌的rDNA-ITS片段测序后与NCBI参考序列进行多重序列比对的结果显示,其序列与T. carpophilum一致性为100%;在基于ITS基因序列构建的系统发育树中,3株菌与T. carpophilum聚在同一分支。在接种了T. carpophilum后,杏果实和叶片均产生明显病斑并且从其所产生的病斑上再次分离到所接菌,满足柯赫氏法则。[结论]从新疆巩留县杏果实病斑处分离获得的3株真菌,经鉴定为引起杏穿孔病的病原菌T. carpophilum。这是该菌首次在该地区发现并报道。

关键词：杏果实斑点病 rDNA-ITS 系统发育学分析 thyrostroma carpophilum

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甘肃省桃果实褐斑病病原鉴定

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植物保护 2016年第5期42卷 53-57,64页

作者：何苏琴白滨文朝慧荆卓琼甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州730070 甘肃省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所兰州730070 甘肃出入境检验检疫局兰州730020

近年来,桃果实褐斑病在甘肃省中部的兰州、临洮等地的桃园中危害严重。在疏于防治的桃园,受害严重的中晚熟桃,病果率超过70%。经病原菌分离培养、柯赫氏法则证病,及病原菌形态学和分子生物学鉴定（GenBank accession number：KT002183）... 详细信息

近年来,桃果实褐斑病在甘肃省中部的兰州、临洮等地的桃园中危害严重。在疏于防治的桃园,受害严重的中晚熟桃,病果率超过70%。经病原菌分离培养、柯赫氏法则证病,及病原菌形态学和分子生物学鉴定（GenBank accession number：KT002183）,明确其病原为thyrostroma carpophilum（Lév.）***。在罹病桃果实上,病斑圆形,褐色,散生,稍凹陷,直径0.5～1.5cm,病斑上有时可见环生的黑色粉粒状分生孢子座;病菌分生孢子淡褐色至褐色,聚集时呈黑色,梭形或蠕虫形,端细胞锥状或钝圆,具2～9个横隔膜,偶见1～2个斜隔膜,分隔处缢缩,孢子大小为（24.68～72.21）μm×（9.36～14.94）μm,平均（53.58±8.95）μm×（12.65±1.15）μm。病菌适宜生长温度为20℃;30℃几乎不生长;35℃培养7d,部分培养物即死亡。

关键词：桃果实褐斑病 thyrostroma carpophilum 形态特征 ITS序列

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