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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014年第1期3卷 31-42页

作者： Bahman NASIRI-TABRIZI Materials Engineering Department Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabadIsfahanIran

The influence of thermal treatment on the structural features of mechano-synthesized fluorapatite-titania composite nanopowders was studied.A mixture of calcium and phosphate reagents was mixed with a certain amount of titania(20 wt%)and then was mechanically activated for 5 h,10 h and 15 h *** that,the mechano-synthesized powders were annealed at 700℃for 2 *** crystallite size of the composite nanopowders estimated from Williamson-Hall method was in good agreement with transmission electron microscopy(TEM)*** electron microscopy(SEM)/TEM images confirmed the formation of a cluster-like composite which was composed of ellipse-like nanoparticles with an average size of about 16±7 nm after 15 h of *** the milling process,large variations in mechanochemical behavior of the CaHPO_(4)-Ca(OH)_(2)-CaF2-TiO_(2) system were *** the beginning of milling,no trace of the composite was found due to the lack of sufficient time for the mechanical *** the mechanical activation time increased to 15 h,composite nanopowders with the crystallite size of around 21.66 nm were *** heating at 700℃,the recovery of crystallinity occurred and the fraction of crystalline phase reached a maximum around 88.79%for the 10-h milled *** indicated that the structural features of the composite were strongly influenced by the subsequent annealing.

关键词： nanocomposite fluorapatite thermal treatment Williamson-Hall method structural features

The effect of thermal treatment on the transformation and transportation of arsenic and cadmium in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第11期145卷 205-215页

作者： Fengping Zhou Meina Guo Nan Zhao Qianting Xu Tuokun Zhao Weihua Zhang Rongliang Qiu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil RemediationSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Shenzhen Research Institute Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518057China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural&Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China

thermal treatment can effectively decontaminate soils but alter their *** research mainly focused on volatile organic compounds andmetals,***,neglecting nonvolatile metal(loid)*** study aimed to investigate Cd and As transformation during aerobic and anaerobic *** results showed that both aerobic and anaerobic calcination increased soil pH by reducing soil organic matter(SOM)content,which also influenced the cation exchange capacity(CEC)and the leaching behavior of Cd and As in the *** total concentrations of Cd and As in the calcined soils varied depending on the calcination temperature and *** the aerobic calcination temperature exceeded 700℃,Cd volatilized as CdCl_(2),while anaerobic calcination at relatively low temperatures(600℃)involved reductive reactions,resulting in the formation of metallic Cd with a lower boiling ***,As volatilized at 800℃aerobically and 600℃*** formation of As-based minerals,particularly Ca3(AsO4)2,hindered its gasification,whereas anaerobic calcination promoted volatilization efficiency through the generation of C-As(III)based gaseous components with lower boiling *** trends were observed in the TCLP-extractable Cd and As contents of the calcined *** 70%of TCLP-extractable Cd contents were suppressed after thermal treatment,attributed to the elevated pH and reduced CEC of the soil,as well as ***,TCLP-extractable As contents increased with elevated temperatures,likely due to the desorption of AsO43−and re-adsorption of gaseous As2O3 during *** findings have implications for assessing the environmental impact of thermal treatment and provide insights for remediation strategies concerning Cd and As-contaminated soils.

关键词： thermal treatment Soil Cadmium Arsenic Transformation

The effects of radio frequency atmospheric pressure plasma and thermal treatment on the hydrogenation of TiO_(2) thin film

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第6期25卷 72-81页

作者：张宇王昊哲何涛李妍郭颖石建军徐雨张菁 New Energy Materials and Devices College of ScienceDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620People's Republic of China Textile Key Laboratory for Advanced Plasma Technology and Application China National Textile and Apparel CouncilShanghai 201620People's Republic of China Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center Ministry of EducationShanghai 201620People's Republic of China

The effects of radio frequency(RF)atmospheric pressure(AP)He/H_(2)plasma and thermal treatment on the hydrogenation of TiO_(2)thin films were investigated and compared in this *** color of the original TiO_(2)film changes from white to black after being hydrogenated in He/H_(2)plasma at160 W(gas temperature~381℃)within 5 min,while the color of the thermally treated TiO_(2)film did not change significantly even in pure H_(2)or He/H_(2)atmosphere with higher temperature(470℃)and longer time(30 min).This indicated that a more effective hydrogenation reaction happened through RF AP He/H_(2)plasma treatment than through pure H_(2)or He/H_(2)thermal *** color change of TiO_(2)film was measured based on the Commission Internationale d’Eclairage L*a*b*color space *** TiO_(2)film displayed improved visible light absorption with increased plasma *** morphology of the cauliflower-like nanoparticles of the TiO_(2)film surface remained unchanged after plasma processing.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the contents of Ti3+species and Ti-OH bonds in the plasma-hydrogenated black TiO_(2)increased compared with those in the thermally treated TiO_(2).X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and Raman spectra indicated that plasma would destroy the crystal structure of the TiO_(2)surface layer,while thermal annealing would increase the overall *** different trends of XRD and Raman spectra results suggested that plasma modification on the TiO_(2)surface layer is more drastic than on its inner layer,which was also consistent with transmission electron microscopy *** emission spectra results suggest that numerous active species were generated during RF AP He/H_(2)plasma processing,while there were no peaks detected from thermal processing.A possible mechanism for the TiO_(2)hydrogenation process by plasma has been *** active species were generated in the bulk plasma region,accelerated in the sheath reg

关键词： black TiO_(2)thin film atmospheric pressure plasma thermal treatment visible light response hydrogenation

Influence of coke rate on thermal treatment of waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst during iron ore sintering

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 415-423页

作者： Pengnan Ma Jiankang Wang Hanxiao Meng Laiquan Lv Hao Fang Kefa Cen Hao Zhou State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst as a hazardous waste has a significant impact on the environment and human *** present study,a novel technology for thermal treatment of waste SCR catalyst was proposed by adding it to sinter mix for iron ore *** influences of coke rate on the flame front propagation,sinter microstructure,and sinter quality during sintering co-processing the waste SCR catalyst process were *** situ tests results indicated the maximum sintering bed temperature increased at higher coke rate,indicating more liquid phase generated and higher airflow *** sintering time was longer and the calculated flame front speed dropped at higher coke *** microstructure results found the coalescence and reshaping of bubbles were more fully with increasing coke *** porosity dropped from 35.28%to 25.66%,the pore average diameter of large pores decreased from 383.76μm to 311.43μ*** increasing coke rate,the sinter indexes of tumbler index,productivity,and yield,increased from 33.2%,9.2 t·m^(-2)·d^(-1),28.9%to 58.0%,36.0 t·m^(-2)·d^(-1),68.9%,***,a comprehensive index was introduced to systematically assess the influence of coke rate on sinter quality,which rose from 100 to 200 when coke rate was increased from 3.5%(mass)to 5.5%(mass).

关键词： Flame front Waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalyst thermal treatment Iron ore sintering

Experiment Study on the High-Temperature thermal treatment and Ultra-Low NOx Control of Solid Waste Coal Slime in Circulating Fluidized Bed

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Journal of thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2244-2251页

作者： SONG Guoliang XIAO Yuan YANG Zhao YANG Xueting LYU Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023China

Coal slime is a kind of solid waste and inferior fuel, which is urgently needed to utilize. In this paper, a high-temperature thermal treatment of coal slime in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB) was attempted to achieve resource utilization. In the experiment, the combustion characteristics of dried coal slime during high-temperature thermal treatment were investigated in a 0.5 MW pilot-scale CFB. The stable fluidized combustion of dried coal slime was realized. When the excess air ratio was closer to 1.0, the furnace temperatures would be uniform. The ignition method of dried coal slime was changed correspondingly while the feeding position changed. However, feeding coal slime to the loop seal was instrumental in decreasing NO_(x) emissions. Moreover, the NO_(x) emissions were tried to further control by the post-combustion technology. Post-combustion technology could significantly reduce NO_(x) emissions below 50 mg·Nm^(-3) while ensuring combustion efficiency. Besides, it was found that there was an optimum excess air ratio in CFB of about 0.9 resulting in minimum NO_(x) emissions of coal slime. The experiment results could well guide the industrial-scale high temperature thermal treatment of coal slime.

关键词： solid waste coal slime thermal treatment CFB NOx post-combustion

Preparation and thermal treatment of Pd/Ag composite membrane on a porousα-alumina tube by sequential electroless plating technique for H_2 separation

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第4期17卷 321-326页

作者： E.Navaei Alvar M.Reza Golmohammadi M.Rezaei H.Navaei Alvar A.Mardanloo S.Habibzad Nouhian M.Didari Department of Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Sarv Oil & Gas Industries Development Co Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Kashan

Pd/Ag/α-Al2O3 composite membranes were prepared by sequential electroless plating technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy techniques （ICP-AES）. Effects of annealing time, Ag content, and air treatment on the hydrogen permeation flux and morphology of the alloys were investigated. The results of the investigation showed that the prepared type of tube had a good potential as substrate for membrane preparation. In addition, a uniform defect-free alloy was prepared by annealing at 550 ℃ in H2 atmosphere. The permeation results showed an increase in H2 permeation flux by increasing the Ag content and the annealing time. In addition, the air treatment of the prepared membranes at 400 ℃ for 1 h changed the morphology of the alloy and substantially enhanced the hydrogen flux.

关键词： Pd/Ag composite membrane electroless plating thermal treatment

Effect of Atmosphere on HCI Releasement during MSWI Fly Ash thermal treatment

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Journal of thermal Science 2023年第6期32卷 2243-2255页

作者： YANG Guiyun REN Qiangqiang ZHOU Li XU Jing LYU Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash constitutes a hazardous *** disposal has been verified to be prospective for stabilizing heavy metals and *** of contaminant HCl during MSWI fly ash thermal treatment leads to potential environmental *** behavior and transformation of chlorine are critical to the disposal strategy of MSWI fly *** this study,the pathway of HCl formation in MSWI fly ash thermal treatment under complex atmosphere was *** show that CaOHCl in fly ash was first decomposed to CaCl_(2),CaO and H_(2)O below 550°C,which provides H for HCl ***,CaCl_(2),NaCl or KCl were reacted with H_(2)O to release HCI,during which process H_(2)O and O2 promote HCl formation,CO inhibit HCl production since H_(2)O is consumed in water-gas *** initial temperature of HCl generation affected by the concentration of H_(2)O in the *** temperature up to 1250°C,almost all NaCl or KCl were volatilized,HCl mainly from the reaction of chlorine-containing minerals with H_(2)O,such as Ca_(19.2)Mg_(2.8)(Si_(0.75)Al_(0.75))8 O36Cl_(2),Ca4(SiO4)(SO4)Cl_(2)and Ca10(SiO4)3Cl_(2)in N_(2),CO and air atmosphere ***,in a reducing atmosphere,metals are more easily chlorinated by HCI,resulting in further consumption of *** order of atmosphere for reducing HCl emissions should be CO>N_(2)>Air>>H_(2)O.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration fly ash thermal treatment HCl emission atmosphere

Effects of thermal treatment conditions on redox properties of ceriazirconia materials

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第12期41卷 1969-1975,I0005页

作者： Shanshan Li Jie Deng Jianli Wang Yaoqiang Chen Yun Li Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengdu610064China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Center of Engineering of Vehicular Exhaust Gases Abatement Sichuan ProvinceChengdu610064China Center of Engineering of Environmental Catalytic Material Sichuan ProvinceChengdu610064China Sinocat Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Chengdu611731China

The nanostructures and redox properties of CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)materials can be tuned via optimized thermal *** this study,the CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3)-La_(2)O_(3)(CZ) materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and submitted to different thermal treatment conditions(atmosphere:nitrogen(N) and air(A);temperature(x):700,800 and 900℃).Due to the protective effects of the "in-situ-formed" carbon powder,treating the surfactants assisted-CZ precursors under N2atmosphere can keep the pore structures and then the CZ-N700 and CZ-N800 can achieve larger surface area than CZ-A700 and CZ-A800,*** comparison,with high treatment temperature(900℃),the effects of thermal atmosphere on surface area can be ***,the redox properties of CZ materials correlate closely with thermal treatment atmosphere and temperature *** demonstrated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) characterizations,the N_(2)atmosphere facilitates the formation of Ce^(3+)without disturbing the mixing degree of Ce and *** the CZ-Nx materials exhibit superior reducibility than corresponding CZ-Ax *** additio n,the XRD and XPS results also demonstrate the formation of a more homogeneous CZ solid solution by Zr atoms rearrangement with temperature ignoring the *** a result,the reducibility of CZ materials increases with the treatment temperature increasing and is not affected by the worsening of the textural ***,due to the synergistic effects of N_(2)atmosphere and high treatment temperature,the CZ-N900 shows the best *** improvement also emphasizes the important role of structural properties of CZ in explaining the temperature-dependent reducibility.

关键词： CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)material thermal treatment Atmosphere and temperature Reducibility Rare earths

Recent progresses in thermal treatment of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) single crystals and devices

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1659-1677页

作者： Yuchao Yan Zhu Jin Hui Zhang Deren Yang State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou 311200China

In recent years,ultra-wide bandgap β-Ga_(2)O_(3) has emerged as a fascinating semiconductor material due to its great potential in power and photoelectric *** semiconductor industrial,thermal treatment has been widely utilized as a convenient and effective approach for substrate property modulation and device ***,a thorough summary of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) substrates and devices behaviors after high-temperature treatment should be *** this review,we present the recent advances in modulating properties of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) substrates by thermal treatment,which include three major applications:(ⅰ)tuning surface electrical properties,(ⅱ)modifying surface morphology,and(ⅲ)oxidating ***,regulating electrical contacts and handling with radiation damage and ion implantation have also been discussed in device *** each category,universal annealing conditions were speculated to figure out the corresponding problems,and some unsolved questions were proposed *** review could construct a systematic thermal treatment strategy for various purposes and applications of β-Ga_(2)O_(3).

关键词： β-gallium oxide thermal treatment substrates devices

Kinetics of color degradation of chestnut kernel during thermal treatment and storage

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第4期8卷 106-115页

作者： Hou Lixia Ling Bo Wang Shaojin College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100Shaanxi China Department of Biological Systems Engineering Washington State UniversityWA 99164-6120USA

thermal treatments are commonly used for disinfesting chestnuts before *** is a first and sensitive quality attribute of chestnuts after thermal treatments and *** purpose of this study was to investigate L*and b*values in chestnuts during thermal treatment at 50-70°C for periods varying from 0 to 160 min,and during storage at 3°C for 5 months using a computer vision system(CVS).Results showed that the L*and b*values decreased with increasing temperature,and heating or storage *** first-order reaction model showed a better fit for the L*and b*values than zero-order reaction model with coefficients of determination(R2)ranging from 0.923 to 0.977 during the thermal treatment and *** activation energies of chestnuts were 287.19 and 347.48 kJ/mol during thermal treatments and 89.18 and 78.47 kJ/mol during storage for L*and b*values,respectively,suggesting that the yellowness(b*)was more sensitive to temperature changes than the lightness(L*).According to requirements of L*>50,a potential disinfestation treatment protocol could be developed for chestnuts at 52-62°C.

关键词： color degradation kinetics thermal treatment storage chestnuts