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Science China Chemistry 1991年第8期34卷 1270-1280页

作者：缪经榜刘兴泉薛亚 Institute of Oceanology Academia Siniea Qingdao 266071 PRC Department of Oceanology Florida State University USA

The theoretical solution of the model of the Northern Yellow (Huanghai) Sea Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) reveals that the NYSCWM is mainly formed through the continuous temperature increase of the overwintered water body above the Northern Yellow Sea Depression (NYSD) after spring when heat is continuously conducted from the sea surface to the’deeper layer. In the NYSCWM’s growing period, (June-July), nonlinear, vertical convection and advection effects continuously increase, and are gradually balanced by the heat diffusion effect as the temperature increases from the surface to the bottom, which leads to the formation of an intensive thermocline and lateral front. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional circulation correspondingly occurs. In the NYSCWM’s entire growing period, the horizontal circulation is always in the cyclonic motion, while the vertical circulation passes through a transition from a period with the cold centre as downwelling to a period with the cold centre as upwelling.

关键词： heat transmission vertical convection and advection effects intensive ther mocline and lateral front formation of three-dimensional circulation.

Frequency and prognostic role of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis after one-year of biological therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2995-3001页

作者： Klaudia Farkas Péter László Lakatos Mónika Szcs va Pallagi-Kunstár Anita Bálint Ferenc Nagy Zoltán Szepes Noémi Vass Lajos S Kiss Tibor Wittmann Tamás Molnár First Department of Medicine University of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary First Department of Medicine Semmelweis UniversityH1088 BudapestHungary Department of Medical Physics and Informatics University of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary Faculty of Medicine Pediatrics DepartmentUniversity of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary

AIM:To assess the endoscopic activity before and after a one-year period of biological therapy and to evaluate the frequency of relapses and need for retreatment after stopping the biologicals in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The data from 41 patients with CD and 22 patients with UC were ***-four CD patients received infliximab,and 17 received *** endoscopic severity of CD was quantified with the simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn’s disease in CD and with the Mayo endoscopic subscore in ***:Mucosal healing was achieved in 23 CD and7 UC *** therapy had to be restarted in78%of patients achieving complete mucosal healing with CD and in 100%of patients with *** clinical remission nor mucosal healing was associated with the time to restarting the biological therapy in either CD or ***:Mucosal healing did not predict sustained clinical remission in patients in whom the biological therapies had been stopped.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Biological ther

CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in gastric cancer: From basic findings towards therapeutic targeting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1681-1693页

作者： Hyo Jin Lee Ik-Chan Song Hwan-Jung Yun Deog-Yeon Jo Samyong Kim Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 301-721South Korea Cancer Research Institute Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 301-721South Korea Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineChungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 301-721South Korea

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer,and the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths *** extensive research to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents,patients with advanced gastric cancer suffer from a poor quality of life and poor prognosis,and treatment is dependent mainly on conventional cytotoxic *** improve the quality of life and survival of gastric cancer patients,a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathologies,and their application towards the development of novel targeted therapies,is urgently *** are a group of small proteins associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements,the directional migration of several cell types during development and physiology,and the host immune response via interactions with G-protein coupled *** is also growing evidence to suggest that chemokines not only play a role in the immune system,but are also involved in the development and progression of *** gastric cancer,CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate the trafficking of cells in and out of the tumor *** chemokines and their receptors can also directly influence tumorigenesis by modulating tumor transformation,survival,growth,invasion and metastasis,as well as indirectly by regulating angiogenesis,and tumor-leukocyte *** this review,we will focus on the roles of CXC chemokines and their receptors in the development,progression,and metastasis of gastric tumors,and discuss their therapeutic potential for gastric cancer.

关键词： Chemokine Chemokine receptor Gastric neoplasm ther

Effects of oral tacrolimus as a rapid induction therapy in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1880-1886页

作者： Ken Kawakami Takuya Inoue Mitsuyuki Murano Ken Narabayashi Sadaharu Nouda Kumi Ishida Yosuke Abe Koji Nogami Nobuyuki Hida Hirokazu Yamagami Kenji Watanabe Eiji Umegaki Shiro Nakamura Tetsuo Arakawa Kazuhide Higuchi Second Department of Internal Medicine Osaka Medical College Division of Lower Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine

AIM:To determine the efficacy and safety of rapid induction therapy with oral tacrolimus without a meal in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis(UC)***:This was a prospective,multicenter,observational *** May 2010 and August 2012,49 steroid-refractory UC patients(55 flare-ups)were consecutively *** patients were treated with oral tacrolimus without a meal at an initial dose of 0.1mg/kg per *** dose was adjusted to maintain trough whole-blood levels of 10-15 ng/m L for the first 2 *** of remission at 2 and 4 wk after tacrolimus treatment initiation was evaluated using Lichtiger’s clinical activity index(CAI).RESULTS:The mean CAI was 12.6±3.6 at *** the first 7 d,93.5%of patients maintained high trough levels(10-15 ng/m L).The CAI significantly decreased beginning 2 d after treatment *** 2wk,73.1%of patients experienced clinical *** tacrolimus initiation,31.4%and 75.6%of patients achieved clinical remission at 2 and 4 wk,*** was well ***:Rapid induction therapy with oral tacrolimus shortened the time to achievement of appropriate trough levels and demonstrated a high remission rate 28 d after treatment *** induction therapy with oral tacrolimus appears to be a useful therapy for the treatment of refractory UC.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Tacrolimus Rapid induction ther

Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for esophageal cancer:A feasibility study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第38期20卷 13973-13980页

作者： Wu-Zhe Zhang Jian-Zhou Chen De-Rui Li Zhi-Jian Chen Hong Guo Ting-Ting Zhuang Dong-Sheng Li Ming-Zhen Zhou Chuang-Zhen Chen Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College

AIM:To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy(SMART) in esophageal cancer(EC).METHODS:Computed tomography(CT)datasets of 10patients with upper or middle thoracic squamous cell EC undergoing chemoradiotherapy were used to generate SMART,conventionally-fractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT)and intensity-modulated radiation therapy(cf-IMRT)plans,*** gross target volume(GTV)of the esophagus,positive regional lymph nodes(LN),and suspected lymph nodes(LN±)were contoured for each *** clinical target volume(CTV)was delineated with 2-cm longitudinal and 0.5-to 1.0-cm radial margins with respect to the GTV and with 0.5-cm uniform margins for LN and LN(±).For the SMART plans,there were two planning target volumes(PTVs):PTV66=(GTV+LN)+0.5 cm and PTV54=CTV+0.5 *** the 3DCRT and cfIMRT plans,there was only a single PTV:PTV60=CTV+0.5 *** prescribed dose for the SMART plans was 66 Gy/30 F to PTV66 and 54 Gy/30 F to *** dose prescription to the PTV60 for both the 3DCRT and cf-IMRT plans was set to 60 Gy/30 *** the plans were generated on the Eclipse 10.0 treatment planning *** of the dose criteria for the PTVs received the highest priority,followed by the spinal cord,heart,and *** dose-volume histograms were ***:Clinically acceptable plans were achieved for all the SMART,cf-IMRT,and 3DCRT *** with the 3DCRT plans,the SMART plans increased the dose delivered to the primary tumor(66Gy vs 60 Gy),with improved sparing of normal tissues in all *** Dmax of the spinal cord,V20 of the lungs,and Dmean and V50 of the heart for the SMART and 3DCRT plans were as follows:38.5±2.0 vs 44.7±0.8(P=0.002),17.1±4.0 vs 25.8±5.0(P=0.000),14.4±7.5 vs 21.4±11.1(P=0.000),and 4.9±3.4vs 12.9±7.6(P=0.000),*** contrast to the cf-IMRT plans,the SMART plans permitted a simultaneous dose escalation(6 Gy)to the primary tumor while demonstrating a sign

关键词： Simultaneous modulated accelerated radia-tion ther

Hydrogen trapping in high strength 0Cr16Ni5Mo martensitic stainless steel

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第11期22卷 4128-4136页

作者：孙永伟陈继志刘军 College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute

Hydrogen trapping behavior has been investigated by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy(TDS) for a high strength steel after it was tempered at the temperatures of 430 °C, 500 °C and 520 °C, respectively. The loss of ductility was characterized by slow strain rate test(SSRT) and microscopic observation. It shows that with hydrogen charging the fracture feature transfers from ductile to brittle, resulting in the loss of ductility. Undeformed microstructure immediately beneath the fracture surface in charged specimen corresponds to badly ductility compared to the obviously streamline plastic deformation in uncharged specimen. The activation energies for the peaks present in the TDS analysis are calculated for all tested steel and the activation energies for all temperature peaks are similar, corresponding to the similar types of hydrogen traps.

关键词： martensitic stainless steel hydrogen trapping ther

Hybrid vs sequential therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Taiwan: a prospective randomized trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第36期21卷 10435-10442页

作者： Kuan-Yang Chen Tsung-Jung Lin Chin-Lin Lin Hsi-Chang Lee Chung-Kwe Wang Deng-Chyang Wu Institute of Clinical Medicine National YangMing University Institute of Neuroscience National Chengchi University Liver Center Department of GastroenterologyRen-Ai BranchTaipei City Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Hospital Division of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang HospitalKaohsiung Medical University Center for Stem Cell Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research Kaohsiung Medical University

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of sequential vs hybrid therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) ***: From March 2013 to May 2014,one hundred and seventy-five H. pylori infected patients who had not been treated for H. pylori before wererandomized to receive either sequential therapy(rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily for 5 d,followed by rabeprazole 20 mg,clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 5 d) or hybrid therapy(rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g for 7 d,followed by rabeprazole 20 mg,amoxicillin 1 g,clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 d). H. pylori status was confirmed by positive results of both rapid urease test and histology examination or a positive result of culture. Eradication efficacy was assessed by follow-up endoscopy with rapid urease test and histological examination 8 wk after the end of anti-H. pylori therapy,or 13C-urea breath test at least 4 wk after completion of treatment. The primary outcome was H. pylori eradication by intension-to-treat(ITT) and per-protocol(PP) ***: One hundred and sixty-seven patients(83 patients in the sequential group and 84 patients in the hybrid group) completed the study. The compliance rates were 97.6% and 97.7% for the two groups,respectively. The eradication rate was 78.2% for the sequential group and 92% for the hybrid group by ITT analysis(P = 0.01). The eradication rate was 81.9% for the sequential group and 96.4% for the hybrid group by PP analysis(P = 0.01). Univariate analysis for the clinical and bacterial factors did not identify any risk factors associated with treatment failure. Severe adverse events were observed in 2.3% of patients in the sequential group and 2.4% of those in the hybrid ***: Due to a grade A(> 95%) success rate for H. pylori eradication by PP analysis,similar compliance and adverse events,hybrid therapy seems to be an appropriate eradication regimen in Taiwan.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Sequential therapy Hybrid ther

Management of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:An upto-date review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第5期21卷 1394-1403页

作者： Manuela Marzo Carla Felice Daniela Pugliese Gianluca Andrisani Giammarco Mocci Alessandro Armuzzi Luisa Guidi IBD Unit Complesso Integrato ColumbusUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore00168 RomeItaly

Perianal disease is one of the most disabling manifestations of Crohn's disease.A multidisciplinary approach of gastroenterologist,colorectal surgeon and radiologist is necessary for its management.A correct diagnosis,based on endoscopy,magnetic resonance imaging,endoanal ultrasound and examination under anesthesia,is crucial for perianal fistula *** medical and surgical therapies are discussedin this review,including new local treatment modalities that are under investigation.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Perianal fistula Surgery Drug ther

Second and third line treatment options for Helicobacter pylori eradication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1517-1528页

作者： Mingjun Song Tiing Leong Ang Department of Gastroenterology Changi General Hospital

Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful bacterium with a high global prevalence and the infection carries significant disease burden. It is also becoming increasingly difficult to eradicate and the main reason for this is growing primary antibiotic resistance rates in a world where antibiotics are frequently prescribed and readily available. Despite knowing much more about the bacterium since its discovery, such as its genomic makeup and pathogenesis, we have seen declining treatment success. therefore, clinicians today must be prepared to face one, two or even multiple treatment failures, and should be equipped with sufficient knowledge to decide on the appropriate salvage therapy when this happens. This article discusses the factors contributing to treatment failure and reviews the second and thirdline treatment strategies that have been investigated. Established empiric second line treatment options include both bismuth based quadruple therapy and levofloxacin based triple therapy. Antibiotic testing is recommended prior to initiating third line treatment. In the event that antibiotic susceptibility testing is unavailable, third line treatment options include rifabutin, rifaximin and sitafloxacin based therapies.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Treatment failure Salvage ther

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection:Which regimen first?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 665-672页

作者： Alessandro Federico Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Agnese Miranda Carmela Loguercio Marco Romano Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Gastroenterology UnitSecond University of Naples

Helicobacter pylori(***)is a well-known human pathogen that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer disease,and gastric *** *** is susceptible to several antimicrobials,this infection has proven challenging to cure because of the increasing prevalence of bacterial strains that are resistant to the most commonly used antimicrobials,particularly *** effective(i.e.,>90%)first-line therapy is mandatory for avoiding supplementary treatments and testing,and more importantly for preventing the development of secondary *** study reviews the recent literature on first-line therapies *** eradication rates following standard triple therapy(a proton pump inhibitor plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin)for *** infection are declining *** first-line strategies have been proposed to increase the eradication rate,including extending the treatment duration to 14 d,the use of a four-drug regimen(bismuth-containing quadruple,sequential,and concomitant treatments),and the use of novel antibiotics,such as ***,the ef5ficacy of these regimens is controversial.A first-line eradication regimen should be based on what works best in a defined geographical area and must take into account the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in that region.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Sequential therapy Hybrid ther