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theory of mind IN CHIMPANZEES AND ELEPHANTS?

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THEORY OF MIND IN CHIMPANZEES AND ELEPHANTS?

Uta Frith’s thoughts on the theory of mind and Autistic Deficit: Dialogue between Art and Neuroscience

The Xixth Congress The International Primatological Society

作者： MotiNissani DonnaMarieHoefler-Nissani Wayne State University 48202 USA Wayne State University 48202 USA

＜正＞ One of the most astonishing primate investigations in recent years is Povinelli and colleague’s work on the attentional aspects of seeing in chimpanzees. Their results have however been criticized on methodological, experimental, and theoretical grounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, no one has yet attempted to replicate them, nor apply them to non-primates. In this talk, we shall discuss the application

关键词： theory of mind Chimpanzees Elephants

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2021年第3期10卷 47-59页

作者： Giuliana Nardacchione Department of Humanities University of Foggia Foggia Italy

The contemporary scientist and German developmental psychologist at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London, Uta Frith has mainly focused her research on autism spectrum disorder and the related theory-of-mind deficit. To explain the autistic mentalistic deficit, the psychologist has used a specific tool: art, her initial pursuit cultivated at the Universität des Saarlandes, in Germany. Thus, this work seeks to reconstruct the artistic influences on Uta Frith’s scientific efforts, highlighting how the dialogical intersection of two seemingly distant disciplines, like art and neuroscience, can generate surprising new networks of signification and an understanding of the intrapsychic and interpsychic worlds. Art challenges us to develop moments of neuroscientific knowledge. On the other. In contrast, neuroscience offers the opportunity to develop further insights into the role of visual perception in contemplating works of art.

关键词： Uta Frith Autism theory of mind Art Neuroscience Georges de la Tour Mirror Neurons

The Evolution of theory of mind in the Human Evolution

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2021年第1期11卷 10-26页

作者： Dingyu Chung Utica MI USA

Despite almost half a century of research for theory of mind, its evolutionary origin is largely unknown. This paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of theory of mind starts from the beginning of the human evolution to form hominins through bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The feet of the early hominins were still adapted for grasping trees rather than walking for long distances and running fast on the ground. The early hominins lived in the mixed habitat of grassy woodland with patches of denser forest, and freshwater springs. The difficulty of walking in the mixed habitat leads to division of labor for the home specialist group (small children, old people, and mothers with small children, and pregnant women) in the safe forest area and the exploration specialist group (young people without the care of small children) in the dangerous open area. The different tasks, attitudes, and mentalities in different specialist groups produce theory of mind as the ability to attribute different mental states to different specialist groups. (Uniformity of mind instead of theory of mind is for generalists without division of labor). The early Homo species with the open habitat developed theory of mind for hunter specialist group and gatherer specialist group. The middle Homo species with complex stone tools developed theory of mind for the cooperative specialist groups in the large production of complex stone tools. The late Homo species with complex social interaction developed theory of mind for mind reading to enhance cooperation and to detect cheaters in complex social interaction. For religion, the unusually harsh Upper Paleolithic Period developed theory of mind for imaginary specialists in terms of supernatural power, guidance, and comfort. Therefore, the three general types of theory of mind are for specialists in division of labor, mind reading in complex social interaction, and imaginary specialists in imaginary division of labor under harsh conditions. Self-awa

关键词： theory of mind Human Evolution Evolution of theory of mind Religion Self-Awareness Mirror Self-Recognition Test

Social skills and psychopathology are associated with autonomic function in children:a cross-sectional observational study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 920-928页

作者： Elisa Cainelli Luca Vedovelli Daniele Bottigliengo Dario Boschiero Agnese Suppiej Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology University Hospital of PadovaPadovaItaly Department of General Psychology University of PadovaPadovaItaly Unit of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Public HealthDepartment of CardiacThoracicVascular Sciencesand Public HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly BioTekna Biomedical Technologies Marcon(VE)Italy Department of Medical Sciences Pediatric SectionUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly

In recent years,the increase of psychopathological disorders in the population has become a health emergency,leading to a great effort to understand psychological vulnerability *** this scenario,the role of the autonomic nervous system(ANS)has become increasingly *** study investigated the association between ANS,social skills,and psychopathological functioning in *** an ANS status proxy,we measured heart rate variability(HRV).Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Padova because of preterm birth or neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were sequentially recruited from January 2011 to June 2013 and followed long-term up to school age in this cross-sectional observational *** recorded 5 minutes of HRV immediately before measuring performance in social abilities tasks(affect recognition and theory of mind,NEPSY-II)in 50 children(mean age 7.4±1.4 years)with and without risk factors for developing neuropsychiatric disorders due to pre-/perinatal insults without major *** also completed extensive cognitive,neuropsychological,and psychosocial *** were assessed with psychopathological interviews and a questionnaire(CBCL 6-18).Analysis in a robust Bayesian framework was used to unearth dependencies between HRV,social skills,and psychopathological *** task scores were associated with HRV components,with high frequency the most *** bands were also associated with the psychopathological *** normalized HRV high frequency was able to distinguish impaired children in the affect recognition *** data suggest that ANS may be implicated in social cognition both in typical and atypical developmental conditions and that HRV has cross-disease *** suggest that HRV parameters may reflect a neurobiological vulnerability to *** study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Padova(Comi

关键词： affect recognition autonomic nervous system children hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy impairment neonatal prematurity psychopathology recovery theory of mind

How Do Young Children Manage Their Reputation among Peers?

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第7期25卷 847-854页

作者： Jingmiao Zhang Yuning Zhu Xiuli Liu School of Educational Science and Technology Anshan Normal UniversityAnshan114000China School of Psychology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130000China

Young children’s reputation management is closely related to their social *** purpose of our study is to examine the interaction between theory of mind and partner choice on children’s reputation *** consisted of 270 children who were 3 to 5 years ***,we measured participants’theory of mind capabilities using the unexpected location task and unexpected content task and then randomly divided the participants into the control group,non-partner–choice group,and partner-choice *** measured reputation management by comparing children’s willingness to share and sharing behavior between these *** are as follows:(1)Children from ages 3 to 5 demonstrated reputation management,and their reputation management followed a significant developmental *** reputation management of 4-to 5-year-old children was significantly better than that of 3-year-old children.(2)Scores on the theory of mind tasks positively predicted children’s reputation management.(3)Partner choice affected children’s reputation *** the partner-choice group,children’s reputation management was more apparent.(4)Partner choice did moderate the relationship between theory of mind and children’s reputation *** the partner-choice group,theory of mind had a stronger predictive effect on children’s reputation management.

关键词： theory of mind partner choice reputation management children

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聋儿的心理理论发展特点及影响因素

内群体偏爱与儿童基于贡献的分配公平性：心理理论的调节作用

心理学 2006年第9期 382-388页

作者：陈友庆郭本禹

目前，探究聋儿的心理理论（theory of mind,ToM ）发展特点多从三个方面进行：一是分析聋儿与正常儿童及自闭症儿童ToM水平的差异；二是比较聋父母聋儿、口语聋儿及正常父母聋儿的ToM发展差异；三是分析聋儿对不同心理状态的理解水平... 详细信息

目前，探究聋儿的心理理论（theory of mind,ToM ）发展特点多从三个方面进行：一是分析聋儿与正常儿童及自闭症儿童ToM水平的差异；二是比较聋父母聋儿、口语聋儿及正常父母聋儿的ToM发展差异；三是分析聋儿对不同心理状态的理解水平。此外，对聋儿ToM发展影响因素的讨论，多是从聋儿交往、语言、训练等角度进行的。

关键词：聋儿心理理论错误信念 deaf children theory of mind false belief.

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Impaired Social Cognition in Patients with Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in the Frontal Lobe

心理学 2022年第1期

作者：肖雪刘璐刘丽莎徐良苑张旭然李燕芳

本研究考察了贡献和内群体偏爱两种分配动机对儿童分配公平性的影响，并探讨了心理理论在其中的作用。通过比较63名6～8岁儿童在不同群体条件下对贡献不同的接受者的分配结果和分配策略的差异，结果发现：(1)在所有群体条件下，儿童都... 详细信息

本研究考察了贡献和内群体偏爱两种分配动机对儿童分配公平性的影响，并探讨了心理理论在其中的作用。通过比较63名6～8岁儿童在不同群体条件下对贡献不同的接受者的分配结果和分配策略的差异，结果发现：(1)在所有群体条件下，儿童都会分配给贡献多的接受者更多的资源，但当外群体成员贡献多且内群体成员贡献少时，儿童也会分配给贡献多的接受者相比于其他群体条件更少的资源，并更多地采用群体关系策略对这一行为做出解释；(2)心理理论能力越高的儿童分配给贡献多的接受者的资源数量受群体关系的影响越小，且使用贡献策略的频率越高，使用群体关系策略的频率越低。这些结果表明6～8岁儿童在资源分配过程中会优先考虑公平动机，且心理理论能力强的儿童更少表现出内群体偏爱。

关键词：贡献公平分配内群体偏爱心理理论儿童 merit fair resource allocation in-group favoritism theory of mind children

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Impaired Social Cognition in Patients with Interictal Epilep...

Effects of Inhibitory Control on Social Cognition were Moderated by Self-other Control in Middle Adolescence

华东六省一市第二十三次神经病学学术会议暨2016年浙江...

作者： Ying Hu Yubao Jiang Panpan Hu Huijuan Ma Kai Wang Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

Background:Patients with epilepsy frequently experience cognitive impairments,including impairments in social ***,there is a lack of direct examinations of the affective and cognitive aspects of social cognition in such *** neural correlates remain to be *** present study was designed to examine the degree of impairments in different aspects of social cognition including empathy,emotion recognition and theory of mind(ToM) in patients with *** addition,we further explored factors related to the impairments,highlighting the specific importance of the frontal *** and mGthods:After 24-hour EEG monitoring,53 patients with epilepsy were administered a neuropsychological battery of tests for basic intelligence assessment and then were tested with the Interpersonal Reactive Index,the "Yoni’’ task,the Emotion Recognition Test,the Reading the mind in the Eyes test,and other neuropsychological *** clinical variables potentially affecting the ability to accomplish these tests were taken into *** divided the patients into those having frontal lobe interictal epileptiform discharges(frontal IEDs group) and those with seizures originating outside the frontal or temporal lobes(extra-frontal IEDs group).Sixty healthy individuals served as ***:The frontal IEDs group achieved the most severe deficits in emotion recognition,ToM,and cognitive empathy,while the affective empathy was ***,the performance scores of empathy in frontal IEDs group were selectively correlated with their executive functions scores,which are believed to be associated with orbitofrontal *** contrast,patients with epilepsies not originating from the frontal or temporal lobes may also be at risk of impairments in social cognition,albeit to a lesser ***:The preliminary findings suggest that patients with epilepsy,especially those having frontal lobe interictal epileptiform discharges,are associated w

关键词： Epilepsy Social cognition theory of mind Empathy Frontal lobe

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Effects of Inhibitory Control on Social Cognition were Moder...