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Gait analysis in Swine,sheep,and goats after neurologic injury:a literature review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1917-1924页

作者： Jacob W.Sveum Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Jalon M.Jones Daniel J.Hellenbrand Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health(UWSMPH)MadisonWIUSA

Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical trials.Rodents are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans.As a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent models.Comparatively,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well studied.To achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of researchers.Non-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their accessibility.This review focuses on Swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human primates.The objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in Swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal models.The PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of Swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional assessments.Findings were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment design.Swine and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using goats.The functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free walking.Data collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis software.Overall,Swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple trials.Data collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust analysis.Future studies should be conducted to standardize functional testing methods after neurolo

关键词： functional testing gait analysis goats large animals neurologic injury sheep spinal cord injury Swine

Total amino acid level affects the results of standardized ileal digestibility assays for feed ingredients for Swine

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 19-30页

作者： Darlene J.Bloxham Michael Azain Gene M.Pesti Shu-Biao Wu Department of Poultry Science The University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences The University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA The University of New England ArmidaleNSW 2350Australia

It has been demonstrated that the fiber content of oilseed meals and total amino acids(AA)in distillers'grains products affects standardized ileal digestibility(SID)values from Swine assays and that total protein concentration affects the AA digestibility in assays using chickens.This analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that the total AA content of test samples affects the SID assay results.Databases containing total AA profiles and SID values of 20 feedstuffs commonly fed to pigs from 2 sources,AMINODat 5.0(Evonik Industries,2015)and the Nutrient Requirements of Swine,12th edition(NRC,2012)were used to compare AA concentration effects on standardized ileal digestibility coefficients.Databases were compared with AA and SID available in both data sets.The total AA values were similar for the 2 databases with an R2 of 0.979(P<0.001).The linear relationship between digestibility co-efficients from the 2 databases was highly significant,an R2 of 0.810(P<0.001).Both databases had increased SID values with increasing AA contents within and across feed ingredients.The SID=f(AA concentration)relationship was confirmed with an individual paper.Since SID,as typically measured,is a function of both digestion and absorption,both processes following MichaeliseMenten kinetics,SID=f(AA concentration)may simply be a natural phenomenon.Other reasons for the relationship were explored.Methods of estimating endogenous AA losses and misapplication statistical procedures may contribute to variation in results and at least partially explain why SID=f(AA concentration).

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Standardized ileal digestibility Swine Least squares means

Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of Swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1402-1412页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Rabindra K.Mandal Kabi Raj Neupane Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianaUSA Math and Sciences Division Leeward community collegePearl CityHI 96782USA

Background:Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig production.But these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch(RS).Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)and modulate the microbial community.Certain microbes in the GIT can promote host health,depending on the type of fermentation substrates available.In this study,six alternative feedstuffs(three starchy:Okinawan sweet potato,OSP;yam,and taro,and three fibrous:wheat millrun,WMR;barley brewers grain,BBG;and macadamia nut cake,MNC)were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial profile.After 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay,residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum,and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation kinetics.After fermentation,the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial community.Results:In vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous feedstuffs.Total gas and SCFA production were significantly higher(PSwine diets to improve gut health.

关键词： Fermentation Fiber Gut health Microbial diversity Starch Swine

Detection of a reassortant Swine H1N2 influenza A virus from pigs in Hong Kong

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 343-346页

作者： Guoqian Gu Congnuan Liu Song Hao Lee Lewis Sze Chun Choi Michael T.Wilson Dirk U.Pfeiffer Yun Young Go Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Center for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk UniversitySeoul143-701Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are responsible for significant respiratory illnesses in humans and a broad range of animal species.Repeated outbreaks and the rapid spread of genetically and antigenically distinct IAVs represent a considerable challenge for Swine production.Pigs are susceptible to avian and human IAV infections and are considered“mixing vessels”where human,avian,and Swine IAVs can recombine and generate novel reassortant influenza viruses with pandemic potential(Vincent et al.,2014).

关键词： Swine influenza mixing

Development of a fluorescent probe hydrolysis-insulated isothermal PCR for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of African Swine fever virus

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第3期37卷 462-464页

作者： Tianli Zou Junhua Deng Xiangdong Li Shiyin Zhang Lingyan Chen Liying Hao Jinshan Zhuang Heng Wang Guihong Zhang Shengxiang Ge Kegong Tian Beijing Wantai Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijing102206China Luoyang Putai Bio-Tech Co.Ltd Luoyang471003China National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine Luoyang471003China School of Public Health Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China ASFV Regional Reference Laboratory in Guangzhou South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China

Dear Editor,African Swine fever virus(ASFV),the sole member of the family Asfarviridae,is the causative agent of African Swine fever(ASF),a viral disease that leads to high mortality in domestic pigs.Since firstly identified in Kenya in the 1920s,ASFV has been prevalent in Africa,Europe,and Russian Federation(Sanchez et al.,2019).Recently,ASFV was introduced to Asian countries including China,Mongolia,Vietnam,Cambodia,Laos and South Korea,which lead to huge economic losses to local pig industries(Li and Tian,2018;Gaudreault and Richt,2019).The first case of ASFV in China was reported in August 2018(Zhou et al.,2018).

关键词： Swine hydrolysis African

Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of a reassortant Eurasian avian-like H1N1 Swine influenza virus containing an internal gene cassette from 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 627-630页

作者： Shuaiyong Wang Manzhu Wang Lingxue Yu Juan Wang Jiecong Yan Xinli Rong Yanjun Zhou Tongling Shan Wu Tong Guoxin Li Hao Zheng Guangzhi Tong Hai Yu Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.518Ziyue RoadMinhang DistrictShanghai200241China Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou225009China

Dear editor,Swine influenza virus(SIV)is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family,influenza A virus genus,which can cause the Swine influenza—an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs(Brown,2000;Kothalawala et al.,2006).The SIV was first observed in 1918 in the United States and the progenitor of the SIV was the H1N1 influenza virus which caused the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918(Shope,1931).

关键词： H1N1 Swine Swine

Developing a duplex ARMS-qPCR method to differentiate genotype Ⅰ and Ⅱ African Swine fever viruses based on their B646L genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1603-1607页

作者： DING Lei-lei REN Tao HUANG Lian-yu Weldu TESFAGABER ZHU Yuan-mao LI Fang SUN En-cheng BU Zhi-gao ZHAO Dong-ming State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and PreventionNational African Swine Fever Para-reference LaboratoryHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069P.R.China College of Veterinary Medicine Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China

AfricanSwinefever(ASF),causedbythe African Swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, hemorrhagic, and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease is notifiable and listed by the World Organization for ... 详细信息

关键词： Swine fever duplex

Performance of different macrophytes in the decontamination of and electricity generation from Swine wastewater via an integrated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 252-263页

作者： Feng Liu Lei Sun Jinbao Wan Liang Shen Yanhong Yu Lingling Hu Ying Zhou School of Resources Environmental&Chemical Engineering Nanchang UniversityJiangxi 330031China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityJiangxi 330013China Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityJiangxi 330013China School of Materials and Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityJiangxi 330013China

Plants constitute a major element of constructed wetlands(CWs).In this study,a coupled system comprising an integrated vertical flow CW(IVCW) and a microbial fuel cell(MFC) for Swine wastewater tre atment was developed to research the effects of macrophytes commonly employed in CWs,Canna indica,Acorus calamus,and Ipomoea aquatica,on decontamination and electricity production in the system.Because of the different root types and amounts of oxygen released by the roots,the rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonium nitrogen(NH4^+-N) removal from the Swine wastewater differed as well.In the unplanted,Canna indica,Acorus calamus,and Ipomoea aquatica systems,the COD removal rates were 80.20%,88.07%,84.70%,and 82.20%,respectively,and the NH4+-N removal rates were 49.96%,75.02%,70.25%,and 68.47%,respectively.The decontamination capability of the Canna indica system was better than those of the other systems.The average output voltages were 520±42,715±20,660±27,and 752±26 mV for the unplanted,Canna indica,Acorus calamus,and Ipomoea aquatica systems,respectively,and the maximum power densities were 0.2230,0.4136,0.3614,and0.4964 W/m^3,respectively.Ipomoea aquatica had the largest effect on bioelectricity generation promotion.In addition,electrochemically active bacteria,Geobacter and Desulfuromonas,were detected in the anodic biofilm by high-throughput sequencing analysis,and Comamonas(Proteobacteria),which is widely found in MFCs,was also detected in the anodic biofilm.These results confirmed the important role of plants in IVCW-MFCs.

关键词： Integrated vertical flow constructed wetland Microbial fuel cell Swine wastewater Dissolved oxygen(DO)

Phenolic compounds as natural feed additives in poultry and Swine diets:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 841-858页

作者： Shad Mahfuz Qinghui Shang Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry,awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand.The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and Swine production.However,the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct.Taking into account,the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and Swine focusing on the growth performance,antioxidant function,immune function,antimicrobial role and overall health status,justified with the past findings till to date.Finally,the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant,immunity,antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and Swine.

关键词： Antioxidant role Immune response Phenolic compounds Production performance Poultry Swine