检索结果-南通市图书馆

Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 300-318页

作者： Musanda Siachinji Kestone Lyambai Jamia Milanzi Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Nursing and Midwifery Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia

Background: Globally, it is estimated that more than 800,000 individuals die by suicide each year, making suicide one of the biggest causes of death worldwide. Additionally, suicide kills far more males than women, more so in developing regions that are characterized by economic distress due to low income. Although the number of suicide cases has been seen to increase from 2013 to date, limited studies provide information on the factors influencing the trend. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the prevalence of suicidal ideation and factors associated with suicide in males in selected compounds of Lusaka. Methods: The study used an analytical quantitative cross- sectional study design that involved 367 men in Mtendere and Kaunda Square townships in Lusaka district, Zambia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from participants, which was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to test relationships among variables at a five percent level of significance. Ethical approval and clearance was obtained from the National Health Research Authority. Results: Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR, 27 - 32 years), 216 (58.9%) were single and 278 (75.8%) attained tertiary education. Under a quarter, 75 (20.4%) reported suicide ideations, and 97 (26.4%) reported low social support. For most participants, 347 (94.7%) experienced at least one stressful life event, and 359 (97.8%) experienced severe levels of stress. Under half, 170 (46.3%) were alcohol dependent, while 54 (14.7%) used alcohol harmfully. Suicide ideation was significantly associated with marital status (p Conclusion: Suicide ideation is relatively high among men in Mtendere and Kaunda Square townships, mainly influenced by marital status, education level, social support, stressful events alcohol abuse. Efforts must be channeled towards suicide awareness campaigns, and esta

关键词： Suicide Ideation Social Support substance abuse

Hepatitis C virus genotypes distribution and transmission risk factors in Luxembourg from 1991 to 2006

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第8期14卷 1237-1243页

作者： Francois Roman Karin Hawotte Daniel Struck Anne-Marie Ternes Jean-Yves Servais Vic Arendt Patrick Hoffman Robert Hemmer Thérèse Staub Carole Seguin-Devaux Jean-Claude Schmit Retrovirology Laboratory CRP-Santé 84 rue Val fleuri L-1526 Luxembourg Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg 4 rue Barblé L-1210 Luxembourg Centre Pénitentiaire de Luxembourg UmKuelebierg L-5299 Schrassig Luxembourg Retrovirology Laboratory CRP-Santé 84 rue Val fleuri L-1526 Luxembourg Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg 4 rue Barblé L-1210 Luxembourg

AIM： To analyze the Hepatitis C virus （HCV） genotype distribution and transmission risk factors in a population of unselected patients in Luxembourg.METHODS： Epidemiological information （gender, age and transmission risks） were collected from 802 patients newly diagnosed for hepatitis C and living in Luxembourg, among whom 228 patients referred from prison. Genotyping using 5＇noncoding （5＇NC） sequencing was performed. We compared categorical data using the Fisher＇s exact F-test and odds ratios （OR） were calculated for evaluating association of HCV genotype and risk factors.RESULTS： The sex ratio was predominantly male （2.2） and individuals aged less than 40 years represented 49.6% of the population. Genotype 1 was predominant （53.4%） followed by genotype 3 （33%）. Among risk factors, intravenous drug usage （IVDU） was the most frequently reported （71.4%） followed by medical-related transmission （17.6%） including haemophilia, transfusion recipients and other nosocomial reasons. Genotype 3 was significantly associated to IVDU （OR = 4.84, P 〈 0.0001） whereas genotype 1 was significantly associated with a medical procedure （OR = 2.42, P 〈 0.001）. The HCV genotype distribution from inmate patients differed significantly from the rest of the population （Chi-square test with four degrees of freedom, P 〈 0.0001） with a higher frequency of genotype 3 （46.5% vs 27.5%） and a lower frequency of genotype 1 and 4 （44.7% vs 56.8% and 5.3% vs 9.6%, respectively）. IVDU was nearly exclusively reported as a risk factor in prison.CONCLUSION： We report the first description of the HCV genotype distribution in Luxembourg. The repartition is similar to other European counties, with one of the highest European prevalence rates of genotype 3 （33%）. Since serology screening became available in 2992, IVDU remains the most common way of HCV transmission in Luxembourg.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Genotypes Luxembourg Risk factors substance abuse Prisons

Nematodes feel a craving- Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study alcohol addiction

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第4期30卷 595-600页

作者： Geng Zhu Fen Zhang Wei Li School of Life Sciences Institute Tongji University

Alcohol is the most frequently-used addictive drug. However, the mechanism by which its consumption leads to addiction remains largely elusive. Given the conservation of behavioral reactions to alcohol, Caenorhabitis elegans （C. elegans） has been effectively used as a model system to investigate the relevant molecular targets and pathways mediating these responses. In this article, we review the roles of BK channels （also called SLO-1）, the lipid microenvironment, receptors, the synaptic machinery, and neurotransmitters in both the acute and chronic effects of alcohol. We provide an overview of the genes and mechanisms involved in alcoholism- related behaviors in C. elegans.

关键词： C. elegans substance abuse ethanol BK channel

A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Military Medical Research 2017年第1期4卷 20-49页

作者： Cliodhna Sargent Cormac Gebruers Jim O'Mahony Cork Institute of Technology Rossa Avenue Bishopstown Cork Ireland National Maritime College of Ireland Ringaskiddy Cork Ireland

Naval cohorts rely heavily on personnel to ensure the efficient running of naval organisations. As such, the wellbeing of personnel is essential. In an occupational setting, naval service personnel experience a variety of physiological and psychological stressors. Most naval services arrange annual physical fitness and body composition tests to ensure the physical readiness of personnel. However, these tests only evaluate a small amount of physiological capabilities. Components such as aerobic and strength capabilities are assessed, however, other components of physical fitness such as speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and flexibility are not. In addition to the physical capabilities, personnel are impacted by fatigue, nutrition and psychological stressors such as copping in stressful situations or dealing with time away from family and friends. This review will discuss the physiological and psychological factors that affect personnel's wellbeing. In addition to this, it will also evaluate the methods that are used to assess both physiological and psychological wellbeing.

关键词： Navy Military Seafarer Psychological-physical fitness Fatigue Nutrition substance abuse

Brain reward circuitry:The overlapping neurobiology of trauma and substance use disorders

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第6期11卷 222-231页

作者： Timothy I Michaels Emily Stone Sonali Singal Vladan Novakovic Robert L Barkin Stacy Barkin Department of Psychiatry The Zucker Hillside HospitalNorthwell HealthGlen OaksNY 11004United States Department of Psychiatry The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of MedicineHofstra/NorthwellGlen OaksNY 11004United States Department of Anesthesiology Rush University Medical CollegeChicagoIL 60612United States Private Practice ScottsdaleAZ 85250United States

Mental health symptoms secondary to trauma exposure and substance use disorders(SUDs)co-occur frequently in both clinical and community *** possibility of a shared aetiology remains an important question in translational *** in genetics,basic science,and neuroimaging have led to an improved understanding of the neural basis of these disorders,their frequent comorbidity and high rates of relapse remain a clinical *** project aimed to conduct a review of the field’s current understanding regarding the neural circuitry underlying posttraumatic stress disorder and SUD.A comprehensive review was conducted of available published literature regarding the shared neurobiology of these disorders,and is summarized in detail,including evidence from both animal and clinical *** summarizing the relevant literature,this review puts forth a hypothesis related to their shared neurobiology within the context of fear processing and reward *** provides an overview of brain reward circuitry and its relation to the neurobiology,symptomology,and phenomenology of trauma and substance *** review provides clinical insights and implications of the proposed theory,including the potential development of novel pharmacological and therapeutic treatments to address this shared *** and extensions of this theory are discussed to provide future directions and insights for this shared phenomena.

关键词： Posttraumatic stress disorder substance abuse Reward circuitry Mesolimbic Neurobiology

Acupuncture treatment of substanceinduced psychosis, addiction and pain: A review with case study

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2015年第3期2卷 205-214页

作者： Tzafrir Nachmani The Izun Institute for Addiction and Mental Illnesses Israel

substance-induced psychosis is an extreme mental disorder that is relevant to up to 25%of individuals presenting with first episode of *** out of three of those continuing the drug abuse will have a recurrent *** order to treat the psychosis and prevent recurrent drug abuse which might lead to another psychosis,the therapist should understand all parts of the process leading up to psychosis,including the root causes for the drug abuse and the addiction,the effect of the drugs on the body and the psychosis *** article reviews substance-induced psychosis and the process leading to the abuse,the addiction and the psychosis from both Western and traditional Chinese medicine and includes three case studies of patients with acute psychosis who were treated successfully.

关键词： Psychosis substance abuse Addiction Dian Kuang

Early Life Stress as Factor for Use of Psychoactive substances: Integrative Review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第11期6卷 921-936页

作者： Larissa Bessani Hidalgo Gimenez Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira Danilo Caetano Albino da Silva Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences University of S&atildeo Paulo at Ribeir&atildeo Preto College of Nursing Ribeirao Preto Brazil Departament of Fundamental Nursing University of S&atildeo Paulo at Ribeir&atildeo Preto College of Nursing Ribeirao Preto Brazil Itapevi Diagnostic Imaging Center S&atildeo Paulo Brazil

Purpose: To identify, analyze and synthetize the scientific evidences that support Early Life Stress (ELS) diagnosis using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), since it assumes the use of psychoactive substances later in adolescence and adulthood. Individuals that experienced some form of childhood stress may present, in adulthood, consequences that manifest into mental disorders such as problematic use of psychoactive substances. Methods: An integrative review of the literature on the subject in the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and Psycinfo, regards studies that have been indexed in the last ten years (2003-2014). Combination of controlled and uncontrolled factors in the use and abuse of psychoactive substances, CTQ and ELS adapted to each database. Findings: The alcohol was the most used drug by the participating subjects of these research;mostly, the use of psychoactive drugs, started when they were still in adolescence;ELS and the later use of psychoactive drugs can be found more frequently in female;the lack of internal resources for dealing with stress in adulthood after ELS occurrence may have as a consequence the use of psychoactive drugs as a coping mechanism. Conclusions: It was possible to identify scientific evidences that support the ELS diagnosis, measured by the CTQ, as a determining factor for the use and abuse of alcohol and/or other psychoactive drugs in adolescence and adulthood. Implications: Investigate the ELS as a strategy to improve the therapeutic project of patients in nursing care, which will be built based on scientific evidence, so it can be more effective.

关键词： Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Early Life Stress Evidence-Based Practice substance abuse

Evaluation of Addiction among Students in First Year of a French University

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第1期6卷 42-56页

作者： Godet Andrea Deschamps Frédéric Koffi Marie-Emmanuelle Kueny Guillaume Calmus Caroline Dramé Moustapha Godet Sébastien Centre Addictologique Michel Fontan Centre Hospitalier Bélair Charleville-Mézières France Service Universitaire de Médecine Préventive et de Promotion de Santé Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims France Observatoire du Suivi de l’Insertion Professionnelle et d’Evaluation Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims France Unité d’Aide Méthodologique Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims France Unité de Soins pour Adolescents Centre Hospitalier Bélair Charleville-Mézières France

Background: We aimed to describe addictive behaviours and identify risk factors for addiction among students in their first year of university, which is known to represent a stressful situation conducive to the emergence of addictive behaviours. Methods: Ongoing cross-sectional survey among first-year students of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (France). The first 16 months of the survey, which is due to run for 5 years, are analysed here. A self-report questionnaire was proposed to all first-year students during their mandatory preventive medicine consultation. The questionnaire kit comprised validated questionnaires evaluating addiction to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, solvents, tranquillizers, hallucinogens, opiates, other drugs, internet, and gambling or games of chance. Results: In total, 1139 students were included in this analysis;participation rate was 94% among all those invited to participate. Average age was 19 ± 1 years, male to female sex ratio was 0.54. Among respondents, 18% were at risk of addiction to alcohol, 2.3% were addicted;19.6% were smokers, and 5.5% were dependent. Cannabis was the most frequently used illicit substance, with 4.8% of students at risk, and 2 subjects addicted. For the internet, 11.6% of subjects were at risk, and 1.4% were addicted. By logistic regression, students receiving grants or whose parents have a low socio-professional category were at less risk of addiction to alcohol. We also found that students at risk were less likely to accept treatment. Conclusion: These initial findings show that certain addictive behaviours are particularly prevalent among first-year students, with identifiable risk factors or protective factors, thereby opening avenues for preventive and therapeutic measures.

关键词： Students Addiction substance abuse Prevalence France

Work as An Effective Intervention Strategy and Rehabilitation Treatment Program for People Who abuse Drugs And Alcohol

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国康复理论与实践 2006年第9期12卷 758-761页

作者： Lucy Wong-Hernandez Daniel W. Wong G. Ben Selby Department of Rehabilitation Studies School of Allied Health Sciences East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina 27858-4353 USA.

Despite years of interventions in the United States, substance abuse continues to be a major national problem in our society. For individuals affected, it can constitute a major disability and a decrease in quality of life. Current American societal expectations are that individuals who identify!they are involved in substance abuse will go to treatment, eventually recover, get off public assistance straightaway, and return to work. Most rehabilitation professionals also maintain the same expectations. The reality is that efforts of prevention do not appear to diminish the number of people with substance abuse. Traditional treatment appears to have minimal, if any, influence upon the cessation of substance abuse, and traditional vocational rehabilitation practices appear unsuited for the unique problems and types of symptoms experienced by substance abusers. Creative, yet sound, alternatives that combine effective treatment strategies and non-traditional vocational rehabilitation methods need to be exqlored and tested for effectiveness, and applied.

关键词： substance abuse drug alcohol work rehabilitation treatment