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Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-saharan africa:A systematic review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 130-143页

作者： Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ Evan Hartunian Girvetz Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton UniversityNjoro536-20107Kenya International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Kampala6247Uganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Nairobi823-00621Kenya

Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subsaharan africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and ***,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is *** better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-saharan africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available *** synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental ***-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more *** development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are *** and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level.

关键词： Climate change Adaptation strategy Trade-offs Synergies sub-saharan africa

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A review of the risk of cholera outbreaks and urbanization in sub-saharan africa

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2020年第2期2卷 71-76页

作者： Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos Gonzalez Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain

The sub-saharan region of africa is rapidly urbanizing,that has consequently spurred the development of specific challenges in terms of access to basic services and ***,exposure to waterborne diseases,including cholera,has been a recurrent problem for the people residing in these urban *** is important to understand the different risks faced by people in urban areas as it might aid in preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.A review of literature was conducted,using specific selection criteria to obtain relevant publications that described the risk factors for cholera outbreak in urban areas of sub-saharan africa.A perusal of available literature indicated that despite the heterogeneity in the urban areas of africa,there are similarities with respect to the risk factors associated with the incidence of cholera *** risk factors include geographical location,hydroclimatic parameters,urban environment,genomics of the Vibrio cholerae virulence,sanitation,and human behavior.A succinct comprehension of the possible relationship between the different risk factors might prove to be helpful in managing the cholera epidemic.

关键词： Cholera Urban environment sub-saharan africa

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Interconnections between governance and socioeconomic conditions:Understanding the challenges in sub-saharan africa

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 337-348页

作者： Fisayo FAGBEMI Geraldine Ejiaka NZERIBE Tolulope Temilola OSINUBI Simplice ASONGU The European Xtramile Centre of african Studies(EXCAS) Liège4031Belgium Department of Economics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAkwa420218Nigeria Department of Economics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220282Nigeria

Given that challenges on the issue of socioeconomic development faced by countries in sub-saharan africa(SSA)have been identified as critical to strengthening the inherent link between governance and socioeconomic conditions,this study examines the interconnections between governance and socioeconomic conditions in *** a focus on 25 countries in SSA between 2005 and 2019,we conduct the analysis based on the Panel-Corrected Standard Error and System Generalized Method of Moments estimations and panel causality *** results show that SSA does not seem to have the means of effective governance to spur improved socioeconomic ***,the pervasiveness of institutional problems in many countries of SSA has been responsible for the poor socioeconomic conditions in the ***,governance quality and socioeconomic conditions are found to influence each *** improvement in socioeconomic conditions could result in better governance *** the other hand,governance quality is viewed as a vital ingredient in achieving needed socioeconomic development ***,it is suggested that there is a need for countries in SSA to streamline governing systems toward engendering improved *** introduction and implementation of transformative policies through effective governance are also necessary for ensuring critical structural changes and increasing social service ***,there should be a proactive identification of ineffective policies and procedures by policymakers to enhance meaningful impacts in the region.

关键词： Governance quality Socioeconomic conditions Economic development System Generalized Method of Moments sub-saharan africa

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Vulnerability and everyday health risks of urban informal settlements in sub-saharan africa

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Global Health Journal 2020年第2期4卷 46-50页

作者： Alexandre Zerbo Rafael CDelgado Pedro AGonzález Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster University of Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain

More than half of the world population lives in the cities and around one billion in poor urban *** numbers are projected to increase,while sub-saharan africa is the region with the highest rate of informal settlements due his rapid *** urban informal settlements of sub-saharan africa house everyday health *** risks have considerable cumulative impacts on the wellbeing and health of the urban vulnerable *** the public health consequences of urbanization and the increase of informal settlements number in african cities,there is a paucity in data about the risks at small scale and the vulnerability in poor urban *** the database search engine of MEDLINE,WHO Library and Information Networks for Knowledge and website of Urban africa Risk Knowledge;from information of the existing literature,this paper tried to analyse the everyday health risks,and vulnerabilities in urban informal settlement in sub-saharan africa region.A search combining keywords associated with health risks and informal settlement in sub-saharan africa were used to identify the relevant documents,and this search yielded 86 articles,of which 15 met the criteria for inclusion in the *** risks of communicable diseases due to inadequate sanitation have been the most frequent subjects of *** settlers in sub-saharan africa face everyday health risks arising from lack of clean water,adequate sanitation,and life in overcrowding ***,there is a burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases,undernourishment and *** most vulnerable group is children under five with a high rate of *** health risks in urban informal settlements must be taken into account for a better understanding of the full spectrum of urban *** is essential in the establishment of efficient public health policies and intervention in urban areas.

关键词： Informal settlements Health risk Vulnerability sub-saharan africa

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Water sanitation and hygiene in sub-saharan africa:Coverage, risks of diarrheal diseases, and urbanization

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第1期3卷 41-45页

作者： Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos González Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain

sub-saharan africa(SSA)has a rapidly growing urban population,with water,sanitation,and hygiene(WASH)services representing the central needs for this ***,this region has the lowest global WASH *** from the‘WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water supply,Sanitation and Hygiene’and the‘Global Burden of Disease’study from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation were used to assess WASH coverage and related health burden in SSA,its subregions,and rural and urban areas in *** coverage in the SSA region appears to be low,but urban coverage is better than that in rural areas;however,there is unequal access to urban WASH and poor urban areas are *** addition,7.75%(5.99–9.7%)of total deaths due to diarrheal diseases across SSA are attributed to unsafe WASH with a risk factor attribution(RFA)percentage of 95.93%(91.94–98.24%).Therefore,a correlation between WASH coverage and mortality due to diarrheal diseases could be *** is a lack of data on WASH coverage in poor urban areas,although these areas have high incidence of WASH-related diseases including *** urban WASH data are needed to better understand the WASH service needs of poor urban areas,which would be helpful in ensuring a more inclusive implementation of WASH services.

关键词： sub-saharan africa WASH Risks of diarrheal diseases Urban areas

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Exploring the dynamic complexity of risk factors for vector-borne infections in sub-saharan africa:Case of urban lymphatic filariasis

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第1期3卷 17-21页

作者： Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos González Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain

Dynamic complexity is often a characteristic of public health issues;to visualize these problems as a system rather than isolated elements,system dynamics modeling may be an appropriate *** dynamic complexity of risk factors for lymphatic filariasis(LF)as an urban vector-borne disease has been addressed using system dynamics *** causal loop diagrams(CLDs)were designed to display the network of interactions of risk factors for urban transmission of LF and a potential set of public health interventions.A stock and flow diagram was also designed to capture the transmission dynamics as an accumulation and flow system,and a simulation model was built and *** system dynamics(SD)methodology is suitable for addressing the dynamic complexity of risk factors for LF in urban settings and is well-suited for public health interventions.

关键词： System dynamics Lymphatic filariasis Urban areas sub-saharan africa

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Compliance of Computed Tomography Scan Requests in sub-saharan africa

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Open Journal of Radiology 2016年第2期6卷 125-130页

作者： Zakari Nikièma Kofi-Mensa Savi de Tové Issiaka Sombié San Désiré Constantin Barro Ziemlé Clément Méda Rabiou Cissé Medical Imaging Unit Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Advanced Institute of Health Sciences Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin Medical Imaging Unit Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

>Objective: To investigate the compliance of computed tomography (CT) scan requests in the X-ray units of sub-saharan africa. Methods: Multi-centric, exhaustive, descriptive and cross-sectional study (Burkina Faso and Benin) focused on CT scan requests implemented and interpreted from May 1 to July 31, 2014. Request compliance was assessed according to the criteria of the French High Authority for Health to which was added a criterion for fulfillment of description of patient clinical information. An exam was deemed compliant when all criteria were met. Ratios were compared by means of Chi2 test at 0.05% significance level. Results: Among the 426 colligated computed tomography prescriptions, the least filled fields were allergy concept (0%), creatinine-mia (0.3%), examination purpose (50.2%). The overall compliance rate was 35%. The requests made by medical specialists were more compliant than those made by general practitioners and students (p = 0.003). Fulfillment of clinical information description was also better among medical specialists compared to the other prescribers (p = 0.002). Conclusion: It is important to improve the quality of computed tomography (CT) scan requests in the hospitals of Bobo-Dioulasso (Bur-kina Faso) and Parakou (Benin).

关键词： Compliance Prescription Scanner sub-saharan africa

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Ulcerative Colitis in sub-saharan africa: Analysis of 24 Cases in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第6期10卷 128-136页

作者： Mamadou Ngoné Gueye Sokhna Niang Diop Salamata Diallo Gnagna Diouf Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Cissé Marème Polèle Fall Mame Aissé Thioubou Marie Louise Bassène Daouda Dia Mouhamadou Mbengue Department of Gastroenterology Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Former Grand Yoff General Hospital) Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Gastroenterology Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Gastroenterology Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal

Introduction: The aim of our study was to determine the socio-demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of ulcerative colitis (UC) in one of the largest gastroenterology departments in Senegal. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study based on the analysis of the records of patients hospitalized in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Grand Yoff General Hospital (Dakar, Senegal) between January 2013 and December 2019. All cases of UC were collected. Clinical, biological, endoscopic and histological data were collected, as well as treatment options. Results: We observed 24 cases, representing a prevalence of 0.87% of inpatients. The mean age of patients was 36 (ranged 18 to 73) and sex ratio 0.9 (13 females). The mean diagnostic delay was 1.6 years (ranged 4 months to 5 years). The clinical symptomatology was dominated by diarrhea with blood and mucus (18 cases). The Litchiger score on admission averaged 8 and 5 patients (20.8%) had severe acute colitis. Colonoscopy showed pancolonic involvement (Montreal E3) in 11 cases (45.8%) and severe endoscopic lesi

关键词： Ulcerative Colitis sub-saharan africa Toxic Megacolon 5 ASA Azathioprine

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Improving Post Abortion Care (PAC) Delivery in sub-saharan africa: A Literature Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第9期10卷 1295-1306页

作者： Alphonse Nyong Ngalame Robert Tchounzou Humphry Tatah Neng Fulbert George Nkwele Mangala Rakya Inna Diane Modjo Kamdem Bilkissou Moustapha Julius Sama Dohbit Eugene Justine Kongnyuy Claude Ndoua Noa Benova Lenka Gregory Ekane Halle Darolles Wekam Mwadjie Therese Delvaux Emile Telesphore Mboudou Gynecology & Obstetrics Unit Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Bamako Mali Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) Antwerpen Belgium

saharan africa (SSA) contributes 29% of the global unsafe abortions with 62% of abortion-related deaths. This is due to restrictive abortion laws, low quality post abortion care (PAC) and inadequate access to effective modern contraception. The overall objective was to review current literature on PAC in SSA and make recommendations for improvement especially in Cameroon. A literature review was conducted on PAC in SSA published during 2000-2018. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, POPLINE, COCHRANE Library, African Index Medicus and GOOGLE Scholar. Thirty articles were reviewed from 16 countries ranging from observational studies to systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Major outcomes: 1) Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol are equally safe and effective. 2) There is comparable effectiveness between physicians and trained mid-level cadres in PAC management. 3) PAC contraception uptake was increased when offered immediately before patient leaves the facility. 4) Gaps to PAC service use include inadequate access, low quality care and less adolescent-friendly environment. Task shifting of PAC to trained mid-level staff, decentralization of medical PAC using misoprostol, offering post abortion counselling and contraception to clients before leaving the health facility, encouraging linkage and provider-community partnership in PAC and reinforcement of advocacy for less restrictive abortion laws in Cameroon are recommended.

关键词： Post Abortion Care (PAC) Misoprostol Contraception Midlevel Cadres sub-saharan africa

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Burden, Type, and Associated Factors of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure in sub-saharan africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第11期11卷 485-497页

作者： Liliane Mfeukeu-Kuate Honoré Kemnang Yemele Ahmadou Musa Jingi Martine Etoa Jan Rene Nkeck Jerome Boombhi Sylvie Ndongo Amougou Chris Nadege Nganou-Gninjio Mesmin Yefou Dehayem Ama Moor Vicky Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroun The Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroun Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroun The Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon The Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroun

Background: Various thyroid abnormalities have been reported during heart failure (HF). The present study aimed to evaluate the burden, type, and associated factors of thyroid disorders in Cameroonian patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to May 2020, involving volunteer adults followed for heart failure at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Those receiving treatment that could cause thyroid dysfunction were excluded. Thyroid hormone levels (TSH, free T3, and free T4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 63 patients (30 women;47.6%) were included. The median age was 65 (IQR: 56 - 70) years. The main etiology of heart failure was hypertension (52.4%) followed by valvular heart disease (14.3%). Thyroid dysfunction was seen in 38 (60.3%, [95% CI: 47.2 - 72.4]) patients, of which 30 (79%) had hypothyroidism and 8 (21%) had hyperthyroidism. The most frequent thyroid dysfunction was Low T3 syndrome in 27% (95% CI: 16.6 - 39.7) of the study population followed sub-clinical hypothyroidism in 19.1% (95% CI: 10.3 - 30.9) of patients. Patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were more likely to have hypothyroidism than those with preserved ejection fraction (OR: 3.5, [95% CI: 1.2 - 9.9], p = 0.016). Also, patients with more than one hospital admission in the past 12 mo

关键词： Thyroid Dysfunction Heart Failure sub-saharan africa

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