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Causality in Structural engineering: discovering new knowledge by tying induction and deduction via mapping functions and explainable artificial intelligence

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AI in Civil engineering 2022年第1期1卷 82-97页

作者： M.Z.Naser School of Civil and Environmental engineering and Earth Sciences(SCEEES) Clemson UniversityClemsonUSA Artificial Intelligence Research Institute for Science and engineering(AIRISE) Clemson UniversityClemsonUSA

Causality is the science of cause and effect.It is through causality that explanations can be derived,theories can be formed,and new knowledge can be discovered.This paper presents a modern look into establishing causality within Structural engineering systems.In this pursuit,this paper starts with a gentle introduction to causality.Then,this paper pivots to contrast commonly adopted methods for inferring causes and effects,i.e.,induction(empiricism)and deduc-tion(rationalism),and outlines how these methods continue to shape our Structural engineering philosophy and,by extension,our domain.The bulk of this paper is dedicated to establishing an approach and criteria to tie principles of induction and deduction to derive causal laws(i.e.,mapping functions)through explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)capable of describing new knowledge pertaining to Structural engineering phenomena.The proposed approach and criteria are then examined via a case study.

关键词： Causality Explainable artificial intelligence Mapping functions Knowledge discovery Structural engineering

Structural engineering of sulfur-doped carbon encapsulated bismuth sulfide core-shell structure for enhanced potassium storage performance

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Nano Research 2021年第10期14卷 3545-3551页

作者： Changlai Wang Jian Lu Huigang Tong Shuilin Wu Dongdong Wang Bin Liu Ling Cheng Zhiyu Lin Lin Hu Hui Wang Wenjun Zhang Qianwang Chen Department of Materials Science and engineering Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced FilmsCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Owing to the high theoretical capacity,metal sulfides have emerged as promising anode materials for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).However,sluggish kinetics,drastic volume expansion,and polysulfide dissolution during charge/discharge result in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance.Herein,we design a core-shell structure consisting of an active bismuth sulfide core and a highly conductive sulfur-doped carbon shell(Bi2S3@SC)as a novel anode material for PIBs.Benefiting from its unique core-shell structure,this Bi2S3@SC is endowed with outstanding potassium storage performance with high specific capacity(626 mAh·g^(-1)under 50 mA·g^(-1))and excellent rate capability(268.9 mAh·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1)).More importantly,a Bi2S3@SC//KFe[Fe(CN)6]full cell is successfully fabricated,which achieves a high reversible capacity of 257 mAh·g^(-1)at 50 mA·g^(-1)over 50 cycles,holding great potentials in practical applications.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that potassium ions have a low diffusion barrier of 0.54 eV in Bi2S3 due to the weak van der Waals interactions between layers.This work heralds a promising strategy in the structural design of high-performance anode materials for PIBs.

关键词： Structural engineering potassium-ion batteries core-shell structure diffusion barrier full cell

Carbon materials toward efficient potassium storage:Rational design,performance evaluation and potassium storage mechanism

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第1期8卷 115-140页

作者： Daping Qiu Yanglong Hou Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are potential“Beyond Li-ion Batteries”candidates for their resource advantage and low standard electrode potential.To date,the research on PIBs is in its early stages,the most urgent task is to develop high-performance electrode materials and reveal their potassium storage mechanism.For PIBs anode materials,carbon with tunable microstructure,excellent electrochemical activity,nontoxicity and low price is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for commercialization.Although some breakthrough works have emerged,the overall electrochemical performance of the reported carbon anode is still far away from practical application.Herein,we carry out a comprehensive overview of PIBs carbon anode in terms of three aspects of rational design of structure,performance evaluation criteria and characterization of potassium storage mechanism.First,the regulation mechanism of key structural features of carbon anode on its potassium storage performance and the representative structural regulation strategies are introduced.Then,in view of the undefined performance evaluation criteria of PIBs carbon anode,a reference principle for evaluating the potassium storage performance of carbon anode is proposed.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques for the potassium storage mechanism of carbon anode are summarize.This review aims to provide guidance for the development of practical PIBs anode.

关键词： Potassium-ion batteries Carbon anode Structural engineering Performance evaluation Potassium storage mechanism

Fiber Materials for Electrocatalysis Applications

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第4期4卷 720-735页

作者： Fangzhou Zhang Jun Chen Jianping Yang State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute(IPRI)Australian Institute of Innovative Materials(AIIM)University of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia

Fiber materials are promising for electrocatalysis applications due to their structural features including high surface area,controllable chemical compositions,and abundant composite forms.In the past decade,considerable research efforts have been devoted to construct advanced fiber materials possessing conductive network(to facilitate efficient electron transport)and large specific surface area(to support massive catalytically active sites)to boost electrocatalysis performance.Herein,we focused on recent advances in fiber-based electrocatalyst with enhanced electrocatalytic activity.Moreover,the synthesis,structure,and properties of fiber materials and their applications in hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,oxygen reduction reaction,carbon dioxide reduction reaction,and nitrogen reduction reaction are discussed.Finally,the research challenges and future prospects of fiber materials in electrocatalysis applications are proposed.

关键词： Fiber electrocatalyst Synthesis approach structural feature Structural engineering Electrocatalytic performance

Tunable light emission from carbon dots by controlling surface defects

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第9期32卷 2887-2892页

作者： Huijun Li Sancan Han Bowen Lyu Ting Hong Shibo Zhi Ling Xu Fengfeng Xue Liman Sai Junhe Yang Xianying Wang Bin He School of Material Science&engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China School of Microelectronics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318China Department of Physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

Carbon dots(CDs)are metal-free fluorescent materials that can be used in optical and electronic devices,but few studies have focused on one-step synthesis routes for CDs with tunable color and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Herein,CDs with tunable light emission were synthesized using a novel amide-assisted solvothermal approach.The as-prepared CDs were well dispersed and homogeneous,with average diameters of approximately 2.0–4.0 nm,depending on the dopants.Owing to the surface states with different ratios of nitrogen-and oxygen-related species,different CDs can exhibit blue,green,red,or white emission with relatively high PLQYs of 61.6%,41.3%,29.1%and 19.7%,respectively.XPS measurements,in conjunction with DFT calculations,indicate that nitrogen substitution(pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen)dominates the blue emission,while introducing oxygen functional groups lowered the LUMO energy level,which resulted in redder emission.In addition,the CDs are demonstrated as a bioimaging probe in both in vitro and in vivo assays,and the white light CDs have been demonstrated to be potential fluorescent materials for white-light-emitting diode(WLED).

关键词： Carbon dots Fluorescence Structural engineering Energy gap White light emission

Experimental and computational optimization of Prussian blue analogues as high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 627-662页

作者： Gwangeon Oh Junghoon Kim Shivam Kansara Hyokyeong Kang Hun-Gi Jung Yang-Kook Sun Jang-Yeon Hwang Department of Energy engineering Hanyang University Energy Storage Research Center Clean Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center Sungkyunkwan University Department of Battery engineering Hanyang University

In this review,we discuss the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue(PB) for Na+storage by combining Structural engineering and electrolyte modifications.We integrated experimental data and density functional theory(DFT) in sodium-ion battery(SIB) research to refine the atomic arrangements and crystal lattices and introduce substitutions and dopants.These changes affect the lattice stability,intercalation,electronic and ionic conductivities,and electrochemical performance.We unraveled the intricate structure-electrochemical behavior relationship by combining experimental data with computational models,including first-principles calculations.This holistic approach identified techniques for optimizing PB and Prussian blue analog(PBA) structu ral properties for SIBs.We also discuss the tuning of electrolytes by systematically adjusting their composition,concentration,and additives using a combination of molecular dynamics(MD) simulations and DFT computations.Our review offers a comprehensive assessment of strategies for enhancing the electrochemical properties of PB and PBAs through Structural engineering and electrolyte modifications,combining experimental insights with advanced computational simulations,and paving the way for next-generation energy storage systems.

关键词： Density functional theory (DFT) Electrolyte modifications Experiments Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) Structural engineering

Sustainable education for bridge engineers

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(English Edition) 2018年第6期5卷 510-519页

作者： Paul Gauvreau Department of Civil and Mineral engineering University of Toronto

This article examines the way we educate future bridge engineers from the perspective of sustainability. The term sustainability is used in its original sense, namely, a quality of a practice that can be continued long into the future because the benefits it creates outweigh its costs. The focus is on the relation between the way we educate future designers of bridges and the value created by the works they design. It is demonstrated that there are several significant flaws in the current curriculum, and recent efforts to inject more"design" into the curriculum are unlikely to bring about needed change. The article proposes incorporating specific elements of knowledge, skills, and values into the curriculum to increase its capacity to produce engineers who are competent and creative. The most important aspect of knowledge to be added to the curriculum is the knowledge obtained from the critical study of good completed bridges. The most important skills to be added are the use of drawing as a tool for enhancing creativity and the use of scientific principles as tools for validating new ideas. The most important values to be taught relate to the duty of the engineering profession to create value for society by designing every bridge to be an increment in a continual process of improvement on existing technology.

关键词： engineering education Design Curriculum Structural engineering Bridge engineering

A review of hard carbon anode: Rational design and advanced characterization in potassium ion batteries

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InfoMat 2022年第2期4卷 24-52页

作者： Hang Lei Jinliang Li Xiyun Zhang Liang Ma Zhong Ji Zilong Wang Likun Pan Shaozao Tan Wenjie Mai Guangdong engineering&Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina Siyuan Laboratory Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsDepartment of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina

K-ion batteries(KIBs)have attracted tremendous attention and seen significant development because of their low price,high operating voltage,and properties similar to those of Li-ion batteries.In the field of development of full batteries,exploring high-performing and low-cost anode materials for K-ion storage is a crucial challenge.Owing to their excellent cost effectiveness,abundant precursors,and environmental benignancy,hard carbons(HCs)are considered promising anode materials for KIBs.As a result,researchers have devoted much effort to quantify the properties and to understand the underlying mechanisms of HC-based anodes.In this review,we mainly introduce the electrochemical reaction mechanism of HCs in KIBs,and summarize approaches to further improve the electrochemical performance in HC-based materials for K-ion storage.In addition,we also highlight some advanced in situ characterization methods for understanding the evolutionary process underlying the potassiation–depotassiation process,which is essential for the directional electrochemical performance optimization of KIBs.Finally,we raise some challenges in developing smart-structured HC anode materials for KIBs,and propose rational design principles and perspectives serving as the guidance for the targeted optimization of HC-based KIBs.

关键词： advanced characterization hard carbon heteroatom doping potassium ion batteries Structural engineering

Biomass‑Derived Carbon Materials for High‑Performance Supercapacitors:Current Status and Perspective

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2021年第2期4卷 219-248页

作者： Jiangqi Zhou Shilin Zhang Ya‑Nan Zhou Wei Tang Junhe Yang Chengxin Peng Zaiping Guo School of Chemical engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina School of Materials Science and engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronicand Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia

Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage systems that depend on high-surface-area electrodes and can play a dominant role in areas that require high power delivery or uptake.And of various electrodes,biomass-derived carbonaceous electrodes have recently shown impressive promise in high-performance supercapacitors because of their widespread availability,renewable nature and low-cost electricity storage.Based on this,this review will discuss the current status of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors and highlight current research with a specific emphasis on the influences of structure and elemental doping on the electrochemical performance of corresponding carbon electrodes.This review will also discuss the gap between laboratory achievements and practical utilization in terms of these biomass-derived carbon materials and outline practical strategies for future improvement.

关键词： Biomass-derived carbonaceous Electrodes Structural engineering Doping effects Supercapacitors