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Genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate loci or genes affecting stalk strength in maize

The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 220-227页

作者： Shuhui Xu Xiao Tang Xiaomin Zhang Houmiao Wang Weidong Ji Chenwu Xu Zefeng Yang Pengcheng Li Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina National Maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001HenanChina

stalk strength increases resistance to stalk lodging,which causes maize(Zea mays L.)production losses *** genetic mechanisms regulating stalk strength remain *** this study,three stalk strength-related traits(rind penetrometer resistance,stalk crushing strength,and stalk bending strength)and four plant architecture traits(plant height,ear height,stem diameter,stem length)were measured in three field *** phenotypic variation was detected for these traits.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted using general and mixed linear models and 372,331 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A total of 94 quantitative trait loci including 241 SNPs were *** combining the GWAS data with public gene expression data,56 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified,including genes encoding flavonol synthase(GRMZM2G069298,ZmFLS2),nitrate reductase(GRMZM5G878558,ZmNR2),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(GRMZM2G027955),and laccase(GRMZM2G447271).Resequencing GRMZM2G069298 and GRMZM5G878558 in all tested lines revealed respectively 47 and 2 variants associated with *** of the RPR of the zmnr2EMS mutant and the wild-type plant under high-and low-nitrogen conditions verified the GRMZM5G878558 *** findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of stalk *** identified candidate genes and variants may be useful for the genetic improvement of maize lodging resistance.

关键词： stalk strength Maize GWAS Candidate genes Lodging resistance

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Effect of leaf removal on photosynthetically active radiation distribution in maize canopy and stalk strength

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 85-96页

作者： XUE Jun GOU Ling SHI Zhi-guo ZHAO Ying-shan ZHANG Wang-feng Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture Xinjiang Production and Construction Group/Agricultural College Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 P.R. China

The objectives of this study were to determine how the distribution of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） in a maize canopy affected basal internode strength and stalk lodging. The distributions of PAR within the canopies of two maize cultivars （Zhongdan 909 and Xinyu 41） were altered by removing whole leaves or half leaves in different canopy layers. The results showed that removing whole leaves or half leaves above the three-ear-leaves （RAE and RAE/2） at flowering sig- nificantly increased. PAR at the ear and interception of PAR （IPAR） from the ear to middle of the ear and soil surface. These changes increased the structural carbohydrate content and rind penetration strength （RPS） of the third basal internode by 5.4-11.6% and reduced lodging by 4.2-7.8%. Removal of the first three leaves below the three-ear-leaves （RBE） before flowering significantly reduced IPAR from the ear to half way below the ear. This reduced the structural carbohydrate con- tent and the RPS of the third basal internode by 9.1-17.4% and increased lodging by 7.0-11.2%. Removal of the three lowest green leaves （RB） in the canopy before flowering increased PAR at the bottom of the canopy, but had no effect on the structural carbohydrate content of the basal internode, the RPS, and the lodging rate. Overall, the results indicated that the key factors affecting the basal internode strength formation and lodging were PAR at the ear and IPAR from the ear to halfway below the ear. Increasing PAR at the ear and IPAR from the ear to halfway below the ear could enhance lodging resistance by increasing the structural carbohydrate content and mechanical strength of the basal internode.

关键词： maize leaf removal light distribution stalk strength lodging resistance

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Key indicators affecting maize stalk lodging resistance of different growth periods under different sowing dates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第10期19卷 2419-2428页

作者： WANG Qun XUE Jun CHEN Jiang-lu FAN Ying-hu ZHANG Guo-qiang XIE Rui-zhi MING Bo HOU Peng WANG Ke-ru LI Shao-kun Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/agricutura1 CollegeShihezi UniversityShihezi 832000P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBejjing 100081P.R.China Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsWujiaqu 831300P.R.China Chuxiong State Research and Extension Institute of Agricultural Science Chuxiong 675000P.R.China

The accurate evaluation of maize stalk lodging resistance in different growth periods enables timely management of lodging risks and ensures stable and high maize ***,we established five diferent sowing dates to create diferent conditions for maize *** evaluated the effects of the different growth conditions on lodging resistance by determining stalk morphology,moisture content,mechanical strength and dry matter,and the relationship between stalk breaking force and these indicators during the silking stage(R1),milk stage(R3),physiological maturity stage(R6),and 20 days after *** height at R1 positively affected stalk breaking *** R3,the cofficient of ear height and the dry weight per unit length of basal internodes were key indicators of stalk lodging *** R6,the key indicators were the coefficient of the center of gravity height and plant fresh *** R6,the key indicator was the coefficient of the center of gravity *** crushing strength of the fourth internode correlated significanty and positively with the stalk breaking force from R1 to R6,which indicates that crushing strength is a reliable indicator of stalk mechanical *** results suggest that high stalk strength and low ear height beneft lodging resistance prior to *** and after R6,the cofficient of the center of gravity height and the mechanical strength of basal internodes can be used to evaluate plant lodging resistance and the appropriate time for harvesting in fields with a high lodging risk.

关键词： maize lodging resistance stalk strength growth periods breaking force

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Research progress on reduced lodging of high-yield and-density maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2717-2725页

作者： XUE Jun XIE Rui-zhi ZHANG Wang-feng WANG Ke-ru HOU Peng MING Bo GOU Ling LI Shao-kun Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture Xinjiang Production and Construction Group/Agricultural CollegeShihezi University

Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars.

关键词： maize lodging resistance stalk strength high yield high plant density

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