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Pros and Cons: Autophagy in Acute spinal Cord Injury

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 941-945页

作者： Zheng Li Tianshi Chen Yuanwu Cao Xiaoxing Jiang Haodong Lin Jian Zhang Zixian Chen Department of Orthopedics Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Department of Orthopedics People’s Hospital of Boluo County Huizhou 516100 China Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080 China

Autophagy plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of various diseases. It can be induced by a variety of events such as hypoxia, nutrient-starvation, and mechanical damage. Many neurological disorders such Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, cerebral ischemia, and acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), are closely related to autophagy. However, therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy have not yet been fully deciphered due to the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in these disorders.

关键词： Pros Cons: Autophagy Acute spinal Cord Injury

Perfusion of gastrodin in abdominal aorta for alleviating spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第7期9卷 678-683页

作者： Hua Fang Jing-Chao Zhang Miao Yang Hua-Feng Li Jian-Ping Zhang Fang-Xiang Zhang Quan-Yun Wang Ru-Rong Wang Jin Liu Department of Anesthesiology Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated People's Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Department of Anesthesiology West China Second University Hospital Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalSichuan University

Objective:To observe the effects of perfusion of the gastrodin in abdominal aorta for alleviating the spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury(SCIRI).Methods:A total of 36 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into sham-operated group(group S),control group(group C) and gastrodin group(group G),12 rabbits for each group.Aorta abdominalis infrarenalis blocking method was applied to establish the SCIRI model.The changes of motor evoked potentials(MEPs) before the ischemia and on 30 min,60 min,6 h,12 h and 24 h of reperfusion of the gastrodin were respectively recorded,and the neurologic function score before the ischemia,on the 6 h,12 h and 24 h of the reperfusion of the gastrodin were assessed.And the changes of the concentration of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE),interleukin(IL)-l β and IL-8 were measured before the ischemia,after 45 min of ischemia,and on 30 min,60 min,6 h,12 h and 24 h of reperfusion of gastrodin.Then the levels of spinal cord nerve cells mitochondrial superoxide dismutase(SOD),reactive oxygen species(ROS),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and mitochondrial swelling degree(MSD) were tested and the histopathologic changes in spinal cord tissues were observed.Results:The levels of the NSE,IL-lfter the ischemβ,IL-8,ROS,MDA and MSD of group C were all significantly elevated aia(Pspinal nerve cell mitochondria SOD,GSH-PX and T-AOC were all significantly reduced(Pspinal cord tissue pathology were damaged significantly(Pspinal cord tissue pathology of group G were significantly milder than those of group C(P<0.01);the levels of NSE,IL-lROS,MDA and MSD were significantly lower than those of group C(P< 0.01),but tβ,IL-8,he levels of SOD,GSH-PX and T-AOC were all significantly higher than those of group C(P<0.01),and the recovery of neurologic function score during the reperfusion of gastrodin was significantly faster than group C(P<0.01

关键词： Gastrodin spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury Mitochondria Motor evoked potential

spinal cord hemorrhage: a rare complication of dual antiplatelet therapy for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第5期16卷 437-438页

作者： Xing YU Jian-Yi ZHENG Gui-Ping ZHU Cardiovascular Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University

Dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)with aspirin and clopidogrel has been widely used after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The bleeding complications caused by it cannot be ignored and the incidence is as high as 32.4%.[1]Among them,spinal cord hemorrhage is rare,acute and life-threatening.We herein report a case of spinal cord hemorrhage caused by DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel used after PCI for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).

关键词： Antiplatelet agent Aspirin Clopidogrel spinal cord hemorrhage Paraplegia

Effect of spinal cord extracts after spinal cord injury on proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells and Notch signal pathway in vitro

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第7期7卷 562-567页

作者： Qing-Zhong Zhou Ge Zhang Hai-Bo Long Fei Lei Fei Ye Xu-Feng Jia Yun-Long Zhou Jian-Ping Kang Da-Xiong Feng Department of Spine Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Department of Spine Surgery Popele's Hospital of Luzhou Department of Spine Surgery Affiliated TCM Hospital of Luzhou Medical College

Objective:To investigate the effect of the spinal cord extracts(SCE)after spinal cord injuries(SCIs)on the proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells(NSCs)and the expressions of mRNA of Notch1 as well as of Hes1 in this process in vitro.Methods:The experiment was conducted in 4 different mediums:NSCs+PBS(Group A-blank control group),NSCs+SCE with healthy SD rats(Croup B-normal control group),NSCs+SCE with SD rats receiving sham-operation treatment(Croup C-sham-operation group)and NSCs+SCE with SCIs rats(Group D-paraplegic group).Proliferative abilities of 4 different groups were analyzed by MTT chromatometry after co-culture for 1,2,3,4 and 5 d,respectively.The expressions of Notch 1 and Hes1 mRNA were also detected with RT-PCR after co-culture for 24 and 48 h,respectively.Results:After co-culture for 1,2,3,4 and 5 d respectively,the MTT values of group D were significantly higher than those of group A,group B and group C(P0.05).Both the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA of group D were significantly higher than those of other 3 groups after co-culture for 24 h and 48 h as well(P0.05).There was no difference in expressions of Notch1and Hes1 mRNA between 24 h and 48 h treatment in group D.Conclusions:SCE could promote the proliferation of NSCs.It is demonstrated that the microenvironment of SCI may promote the proliferation of NSCs.Besides,SCE could increase the expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA of NSC.It can be concluded that the Notch signaling pathway activation is one of the mechanisms that locally injured microenvironment contributes to the proliferation of ENSC after SCIs.This process may be performed by up-regulating the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 gene.

关键词： Neural stem cell Cell culture spinal cord extract Notch signal pathway

THE PROPERTY OF PERIPHERAL INPUT OF PROJECTION NEURONS IN THE spinal CORD DORSAL HORN

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Science China Chemistry 1989年第10期32卷 1224-1232页

作者：李菁锦吕国蔚 Department of Neurobiology Capital Institute of Medicine Beijing 100054 PRC

Antidromic and orthodromic responses of the projection neurons in the dorsal horn ofthe spinal cord have been recorded by a glass microelectrode in anesthetized and paralyz-ed cats. Furthermore, the effect of cervical segment antidromic stimulation to orthodromicresponse of the projection neurons has been observed by way of conditioning-test stimulation. Among all the spinocervical tract neurons (SCT), the dorsal column postsynaptic neu-rons (DCPS) and the spinocervical tract-dorsal column postsynaptic neurons (SCT-DCPS),which were identified by cervical segment antidromic stimulation, 46% are low-thresholdmechanoreceptive (LTM) and 54% are wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons. Most LTMneurons can evoke the same response to both 10 times (10 T) and 50 times (50 T) the thresh-old stimulation on the peroneal nerve. Most WDR neurons to 50 T intensity stimulation arestronger than the 10 T stimulation. Under the antidromic-cervical segment conditioningstimulation, the amount of orthodromic-discharging in most

关键词： peripheral input projection neurons spinal cord dorsal horn

Dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy may explain changes in body composition after spinal cord injury: A retrospective case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2427-2437页

作者： Ashraf S Gorgey Robert M Lester Mina P Ghatas Sakita N Sistrun Timothy Lavis spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMCRichmondVA 23249United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States Bionutrition Service Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States

BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after SCI.AIM To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI METHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 wk.Caloric intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary recalls.Magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body composition.RESULTS Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,respectively.Total body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUSION Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury Diet High-protein Low-fat Nutrients Basal metabolic rate Case report

Use of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging in preclinical models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第5期14卷 771-772页

作者： Harun Najib Noristani Florence Evelyne Perrin INSERM U1198 University of Montpellier

spinal cord injury(SCI)is a distressing event with grave socio/economic consequences to our society.Pathophysiological response following SCI involves blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown,neuroinflammation and formation of a glial scar that altogether govern the feasibility of spontaneous axonal re-growth and limited functional recovery.Great advances in understanding SCI pathophysiology have been achieved using numerous transgenic mouse lines developed in different strains.However,there are inherent strain differences that affect inflammation,gliosis,axon regeneration and ultimately functional recovery after SCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury(SCI) spinal cord injury

Hemodynamic characteristics in preeclampsia women during cesarean delivery after spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第8期8卷 1444-1453页

作者： Na Zhao Jin Xu Xiao-Guang Li Joseph Harold Walline Yi-Chong Li Lin Wang Guo-Sheng Zhao Ming-Jun Xu Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100026China Department of Emergency Medicine Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 9990777China Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China

BACKGROUND Very few studies have been published on the hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anesthesia induced with ropivacaine during cesarean deliveries in preeclamptic women.AIM To record and analyze hemodynamic data in women with preeclampsia undergoing cesarean delivery after spinal anesthesia induced with ropivacaine.METHODS Ten eligible women with preeclampsia were enrolled in this prospective observational study.spinal anesthesia was performed with 2.4 mL of 0.5%ropivacaine.Hemodynamic changes were then analyzed at multiple time points.The hemodynamic responses to vasopressor interventions and uterotonic agents,as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes were also recorded.RESULTS Stable hemodynamic trends were observed in this study.Cardiac output(CO)and stroke volume increased mildly during surgery.In contrast,mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance showed a moderate decrease from induction until the end of surgery.Central venous pressure dramatically increased after delivery.Oxytocin administration was associated with the most significant hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery,namely,an increase in CO and heart rate.Phenylephrine intervention was only required in three patients,and caused an increase in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance along with a decrease in heart rate,stroke volume,and CO.No maternal and neonatal complications were observed during this study,except transient episodes of hypotension.CONCLUSION spinal anesthesia for caesarian delivery with ropivacaine in women with preeclampsia is linked to modest hemodynamic changes of no clinical significance in this study.Careful cardiovascular monitoring is still recommended,particularly after the delivery of the fetus or the use of oxytocin.

关键词： Preeclampsia Cesarean delivery spinal anesthesia Cardiac output Hemodynamics

Effects of combined rTMS and visual feedback on the rehabilitation of supernumerary phantom limbs in a patient with spinal cord injury:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第19期7卷 3120-3125页

作者： Yin-Shan Lu Pei Tong Tie-Cheng Guo Xin-Hua Ding Song Zhang Xiu-Juan Zhang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Taikang Tongji(Wuhan)HospitalWuhan 430000Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Chengdu Second People's HospitalChengdu 610011Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.

关键词： Supernumerary phantom limb spinal cord injury Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation Visual feedback Case report