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Retention of eucalyptus harvest residues reduces soil compaction caused by deep subsoiling

Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 643-651页

作者： Raphael Oliveira de Melo AymbiréAngeletti da Fonseca Nairam Félix de Barros Raphael Bragança Alves Fernandes Rafael da Silva Teixeira Iago Nery Melo Ricardo Previdente Martins soil Science Department Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil BRACELL Company AlagoinhasBahiaBrazil

Eucalyptus harvesting,forwarding and soil tillage operations are among the main causes for compaction of forest soils,with potential impacts on *** concern is especially important in areas with soils that are naturally compacted(fragipans and duripans).In these soils,tillage operations include the use of subsoilers that can reach depths of more than one meter and require heavy tractors that exert high pressure on the *** of the ways to try to minimize the effect of this compaction is by retaining harvest *** objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of eucalyptus harvesting on soil physical attributes,as well as to determine the potential of different types of residue management to reduce compaction from the soil tillage *** experiments were conducted in the same area with a Yellow *** the first experiment,compaction caused by mechanized harvesting with harvester+forwarder was *** the second experiment,different managements of harvest residues were examined as potential modifiers of soil compaction during tillage for new *** this,three managements systems were tested:(1)retention of all harvest residues and litter from the previous rotation(HR+L),(2)retention of litter from the previous rotation(L),and(3)removal of harvest residues and litter from the previous rotation(WR).Before and after harvest,sampling was carried out in the planting rows and inter-rows,and after tillage,samples were collected in the traffic line of the subsoiler-tractor *** both experiments,undisturbed soil samples were collected from the center of the 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-100 cm layers to determine soil density and total *** each period and site of evaluation,mechanical resistance to penetration up to the 60-cm depth was also *** harvesting operation increased soil density at 0-10 and 60-100 cm depths only in the *** of harvest residues and litter(HR+L)after harvesting avoi

关键词： soil penetration resistance Harvester+forwarder soil tillage soil density Cohesive soils

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Influence of preceding crop and tillage system on forage yield and quality of selected summer grass and legume forage crops under arid conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3329-3344页

作者： Hend H.M.HASSAN El-Sayed E.A.EL-SOBKY Elsayed MANSOUR Ahmed S.M.El-KHOLY Mohamed F.AWAD Hayat ULLAH Avishek DATTA Forage Crops Research Department Field Crops Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterGiza 12619Egypt Agronomy Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia Agricultural Systems and Engineering Department of FoodAgriculture and BioresourcesSchool of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyKlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Among the crop production factors,preceding crop and tillage management affect the sustainable use of soil resources and ultimately crop growth and *** study aimed at investigating the impact of preceding winter crops(grass or legume)and different tillage systems on forage yield,quality and nutritive values of three summer grass(Sudan grass,pearl millet and teosinte)and two legume forage crops(cowpea and guar)under arid *** results exhibited that growing forage crops after legumes(as berseem clover)produced the highest fresh and dry forage yields and quality attributes compared with grasses(as wheat)with the exception of crude fiber content,which was ***,tillage practices showed positive impact on forage yields and quality *** maximum forage yields and quality parameters were recorded under conventional tillage(CT)practice compared with reduced tillage(RT)and no-tillage(NT)*** the evaluated crops,the highest yields of fresh forage,dry forage,crude fiber,crude protein and total digestible nutrient were exhibited by grass forage crops(Sudan grass,pearl millet and teosinte),whereas the highest crude protein content and the digestible energy values were produced by legume forage crops(cowpea and guar).The maximum fresh forage,dry forage,crude fiber,crude protein,total digestible nutrient and digestible crude protein yields were produced by pearl millet followed by Sudan grass under CT and RT after berseem *** highest net return was recorded by sowing pearl millet after berseem clover and applying CT followed by RT practices,which could be recommended for the commercial ***,it could be assumed that the combination of growing grass forage crops after legume crops under CT or RT systems could enhance forage crop yield and quality with an improvement in soil properties for sustainable agriculture with low cost and the highest net income.

关键词： soil tillage preceding crop forage quality nutritive values net return

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Impacts of different surface features on soil detachment in the subtropical region

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 555-565页

作者： Qianhong Ma Keli Zhang Zihao Cao Zhicheng Yang Mengyao Wei Zaike Gu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Teacher Education Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050024China Guizhou Provincial Monitoring Station of soil and Water Conservation GuiyangGuizhou 550002China

Near-surface features have a great influence on runoff and detachment processes by overland flow,but the contributions are still unclear on steep slopes with yellow soil in subtropical humid *** scouring experiments were conducted to investigate how near-surface features affect hydraulic parameters and detachment rate by overland *** treatments and a baseline(disturbed rootless bare cropland)were designed to identify the contributions from stem-leaves,litter,biological soil crusts(BSCs),root systems and non-disturbance,*** results showed that(1)the values of velocity,Reynolds number and Froude number for vegetated slopes were significantly lower than that of baseline,and stem-leaves made a greater contribution(average of 47.30%)to reducing kinetic energy than the other features;(2)the total contribution rate of grassland was 99.38%,and of this total,1.19,1.44,2.49,49.79 and 44.47%reductions were attributed to the stem-leaves,litter,BSCs,root systems and non-disturbance,*** system and non-disturbance dominated the detachment rate reduction;(3)with increasing flow rate or slope gradient,the total contribution rate remained between 98%and 100%;and(4)for each treatment,the relationship between detachment rate and hydraulic parameters remained constant,and the stream power was the best predictor to detachment *** study results are helpful in evaluating the effects of near-surface features on erosion control and providing reference for government decision-makers to choose appropriate soil conservation and management practices.

关键词： Vegetation soil tillage soil erosion Detachment rate Yellow soil

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Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 103-110页

作者： Fiaz Ahmad Baijing Qiu Qishuo Ding Weimin Ding Zahid Mahmood Khan Muhammad Shoaib Farman Ali Chandio Abdur Rehim Abdul Khaliq School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Farm Power and Machinery Sindh Agricultural UniversityTandojam 70060Pakistan Department of soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Irrigation and Drainage University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

For granular materials,discrete element modeling is one of the best computer tools to simulate their behavior and interactions.A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of disc furrow openers in paddy *** element simulation was done to develop a 3D DEM model for notched,toothed and double disc furrow openers using EDEM *** Mindlin contact model with bonding was applied for simulation to fulfill the obligations of the soil moisture and bonding between the cohesive *** and field experimental data were compared to determine the applicability in the different working *** results of the simulation validated the applicability of the Hertz-Mindlin contact model with bonding to simulate the no till paddy soil using an extremely narrow tillage *** calibrated value of normal and shear stiffness was 5×10^(7)N/m,and the calibrated value of bond normal and shear strength was 3×10^(7)*** relative error(-1.7%to 20.6%)for the double disc furrow opener was lower as compared with that notch typed(29.2%to 44.4%)and toothed type(31.5%to 45.9%)furrow openers.

关键词： soil tillage discrete element method discrete element modeling furrow opener paddy soil

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Proctor cone penetrometer for in-situ soil strength studies in Nigeria

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第3期4卷 16-25页

作者： Anthony Ozoemena Ani Constantine C.Mbajiorgu Clement Onyeaghala Akubuo Peter Azikiwe Onwualu Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Raw Materials Research and Development Council(RMRDC) Federal Capital TerritoryAbujaNigeria

Investigations of in-situ or laboratory soil strength properties,particularly the resistance of soil to penetration,usually referred to as cone index(CI)are often required in soil tillage and traction *** helps in the analysis of the interactions of both tillage tools and tractive elements with the ***,penetrometer,the instrument used for measuring this important parameter(CI),is not readily available in *** the recommendations in ASAE standards,a functional proctor cone penetrometer for soft soils has been developed and *** major parts include the handle,made of half-inch galvanized pipe,constructed in such a way that it can be screwed on and off the pressure shaft conveniently,the graduated pressure and penetration shafts made of stainless steel;the spring loaded pressure chamber,and a cone *** penetrometer was calibrated by applying known forces on the handle while noting corresponding penetrations and displacements on the graduated pressure shaft.A performance test was carried out on a clayey loam soil to compare the readings obtained from the developed penetrometer and an imported *** major difference between the two is that while one is very expensive and scarce to come by,the other is produced locally with locally sourced materials and *** cost of the imported one is ten times more than that of the local *** mean CI obtained for twenty-four random samples on the soil surface for the test area at 18 cm depth was found to be 1.4358 MPa for the local,and 1.5096 MPa for the *** analysis of the two sets of values of CI for the local and the foreign showed a strong correlation(R2=0.779,Psoil depth for soft soils.

关键词： cone index soil tillage traction studies soil mechanical properties

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