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soft multifunctional neurological electronic skin through intrinsically stretchable synaptic transistor

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6550-6559页

作者： Pengcheng Zhu Shuairong Mu Wenhao Huang Zeye Sun Yuyang Lin Ke Chen Zhifeng Pan Mohsen Golbon Haghighi Roya Sedghi Junlei Wang Yanchao Mao Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Department of Chemistry Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

Neurological electronic skin(E-skin)can process and transmit information in a distributed manner that achieves effective stimuli perception,holding great promise in neuroprosthetics and soft *** E-skin with multifunctional perception abilities can enable robots to precisely interact with the complex surrounding ***,current neurological E-skins that possess tactile,thermal,and visual perception abilities are usually prepared with rigid materials,bringing difficulties in realizing biologically synapse-like ***,we report a soft multifunctional neurological E-skin(SMNE)comprised of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)nanofiber polymer semiconductor-based stretchable synaptic transistor and multiple soft artificial sensory receptors,which is capable of effectively perceiving force,thermal,and light *** stretchable synaptic transistor can convert electrical signals into transient channel currents analogous to the biological excitatory postsynaptic *** it also possesses both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity that mimics the human memory *** integrating a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator,a soft thermoelectric device,and an elastic photodetector as artificial receptors,we further developed an SMNE that enables the robot to make precise actions in response to various surrounding *** with traditional neurological E-skin,our SMNE can maintain the softness and adaptability of biological synapses while perceiving multiple stimuli including force,temperature,and *** SMNE could promote the advancement of E-skins for intelligent robot applications.

关键词： electronic skin soft stretchable polymer semiconductor synaptic transistor multifunctional

soft x-ray tomographic reconstruction of Heliotron J plasma for the study of magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 72-78页

作者： S PUROHIT Y SUZUKI S OHDACHI S YAMAMOTO SOKENDAI The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan National Institute for Fusion Science Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

The preparation for an experimental soft x-ray tomography study on the Heliotron J (H-J) machine is carried out,with the objectives of evaluating the capability of the current soft x-ray tomographic system in terms of the identification of different mode structures and their poloidal rotation,and the axis shift with different plasma and machine parameters,and fixing the physics goals for the experimental *** preparations were carried out via a simulated soft x-ray data set arising from different plasma conditions,such as magnetic islands,low beta and high *** x-ray tomography (SXT) is performed by the discrete pixel method including singular value decomposition and Phillips-Tikhonov regularization,to obtain clear and smooth *** H-J soft x-ray tomography results from simulated soft x-rays for the equilibrium H-J plasma sensed the magnetic axis shift clearly and an estimate was also *** reconstruction for mode structure m =1/n =1 was obtained along with the realization of the poloidal rotation of the *** reconstruction for the m =2/n =1 mode was not very clear for the current soft x-ray diagnostic *** mode identification was not possible due to the lack of *** SXT from the current soft x-ray diagnostic on H-J,the magnetic axis shift can be estimated and the m =1/n =1 mode can be *** of higher poloidal modes is difficult with the current design.

关键词： Heliotron J tomography soft x-ray magnetohydrodynamics

Transient thermo-mechanical analysis for bimorph soft robot based on thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第7期40卷 943-952页

作者： Yun CUI Yafei YIN Chengjun WANG K. SIM Yuhang LI Cunjiang YU Jizhou SONG Institute of Solid Mechanics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Soft Matter Research Center Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston TX 77204 U. S.A. State Key Laboratory of Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 U. S.A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 U. S.A. Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204 U. S.A.

Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demonstrated that the LCE based bimorphs can be effective soft robots once integrated with soft sensors and thermal actuators. Here, we present an analytical transient thermo-mechanical model for a bimorph structure based soft robot, which consists of a strip of LCE and a thermal inert polymer actuated by an ultra-thin stretchable open-mesh shaped heater to mimic the unique locomotion behaviors of an inchworm. The coupled mechanical and thermal analysis based on the thermo-mechanical theory is carried out to underpin the transient bending behavior, and a systematic understanding is therefore achieved. The key analytical results reveal that the thickness and the modulus ratio of the LCE and the inert polymer layer dominate the transient bending deformation. The analytical results will not only render fundamental understanding of the actuation of bimorph structures, but also facilitate the rational design of soft robotics.

关键词： transient thermo-mechanical analysis soft robot thermal-responsive liq- uid crystal elastomer (LCE)

Containment of soft wall casing wrapped with Kevlar fabric

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第4期32卷 954-966页

作者： Zekan HE Haijun XUAN Conger BAI Manli SONG Zhuoshen ZHU College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-engine

Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin *** soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.

关键词： Containment equation Fan blade Inner metal ring Kevlar fabric soft wall casing

Identifying the viscoelastic properties of soft matter from the indentation response of a hard film-soft substrate system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第4期63卷 108-118页

作者： YanWei Liu YueGuang Wei Hao Long Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The indentation technique is widely used in measuring the mechanical properties of soft matter at the microscale or nanoscale,but still faces challenges by these unique properties as well as the consequent strong surface adhesion, including the strong nonlinear effect, unclear judgment of the contact point, difficulties in estimating the contact area, and the risk of the indenter piercing the sample. Here we propose a two-step method to solve these problems: lay a hard film on a soft matter, and obtain the viscoelastic properties of this soft matter through the indentation response of this composite structure. We first establish a theoretical indentation model of the hard film-soft substrate system based on the theory of plates, elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle and Boltzmann superposition principle. To verify the correctness of this method, we measure the mechanical properties of the methyl vinyl silicone rubber(MVSR) covered by a Cu nanofilm. Finally, we test the effectiveness and error sensitivity of this method with the finite element method(FEM). The results show that our method can accurately measure the mechanical properties of soft matter, while effectively circumventing the problems of the traditional indentation technique.

关键词： viscoelastic properties soft matter theoretical indentation model indentation technique finite element method

The art of two-dimensional soft nanomaterials

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第9期62卷 1145-1193页

作者： Caini Zheng Jinhui Zhu Chongqing Yang Chenbao Lu Zhenying Chen Xiaodong Zhuang The Two-Dimensional soft Materials Lab (The soft2D Lab) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Zhiyuan College Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The discovery of graphene has triggered the explosive development of two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials, including both inorganic and organic species. Benefiting from the simple elemental composition, inorganic 2D nanomaterials were the center research in the past decade, which has long shadowed the research of 2D organic(or soft) nanomaterials. Although many kinds of2D soft nanomaterials have been successfully prepared, a unified definition for them is still impossible due to the complicate and quite different chemical structures between each other and even relying on totally different techniques to distinguish them. Since our first review on 2D soft nanomaterials in 2015, this field has moved forward with big success. In this review, we will focus on the development of 2D soft nanomaterials after 2015. In order to deliver better overview of this field, new and comprehensive classification is used in this review: 2D aromatic molecules, graphene and graphene nanoribbons, graphyne and graphdiyne,BxCyNznanosheets, 2D polymers, 2D supramolecules, crystalline 2D assemblies, 2D covalent organic frameworks, 2D metalorganic frameworks, sandwich-like 2D porous polymers, 2D polymer nanosheets, etc. The focus of this review lies on synthetic strategies and the challenges of characterization, definition and fundamental understanding.

关键词： two dimensional soft material nanosheet layered structure sandwich-like structure

Application Specified soft-Error Failure Rate Analysis Using Sequential Equivalence Checking Techniques

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第1期25卷 103-116页

作者： Tun Li Qinhan Yu Hai Wan Sikun Li School of Computer Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China the Laboratory of software Engineering for Complex Systems National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China. School of software Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

soft errors have become a critical challenge as a result of technology scaling. Existing circuit-hardening techniques are commonly associated with prohibitive overhead of performance, area, and power. However,evaluating the influence of soft errors in Flip-Flops(FFs) on the failure of circuit is a difficult verification ***, we proposed a novel flip-flop soft-error failure rate analysis methodology using a formal method with respect to application behaviors. Approach and optimization techniques to implement the proposed methodology based on the given formula using Sequential Equivalence Checking(SEC) are introduced. The proposed method combines the advantage of formal technique-based approaches in completeness and the advantage of application behaviors in accuracy to differentiate vulnerability of components. As a result, the FFs in a circuit are sorted by their failure rates, and designers can use this information to perform optimal hardening of selected sequential components against soft errors. Experimental results of an implementation of a SpaceWire end node and the largest ISCAS’89 benchmark sequential circuits indicate the feasibility and potential scalability of our approach. A case study on an instruction decoder of a practical 32-bit microprocessor demonstrates the applicability of our method.

关键词： soft error failure rate analysis Sequential Equivalence Checking(SEC) application specified

soft X-ray emission of nearby galaxy M81

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Science China Mathematics 1997年第1期40卷 93-104页

作者：苏旸毕红光李启斌 Beijing Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Physics Arizona University Tucson AZ 85716 USA

The pointed observations of NGC3077 are analyzed by position sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) on board the ROSAT satellite on 1991-04-18, 1991, finding out that the X-ray emission range of M81 galaxy has, in the softer and more sensitive ROSAT PSPC band (0. 2-2. 4 keV), extended by 40% larger than ever observed by image proportional counter (IPC) on board the Einstein satellite, which shows that M81 galaxy has a larger X-ray corona. And by the aid of the timing analysis, it is concluded that M81 nucleus has no variabilities on time scale of a few minutes; hence the possibility of M81 nucleus having the marginal variability over time scale of about 2 min that Fabbiano (1988) found from the Einstein IPC observation is ruled out.

关键词： spiral galaxy nearby galaxy soft X-ray emission.

soft X-ray in-line holographic experiment

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第8期43卷 641-643页

作者： Shaoguang Yang Xingshu Xie Chengzhi Jia Yongfei Zhao Shiping Jiang Yuxuan Zhang Xiaobin Shan Xinyi Zhang Univ Sci & Technol China Ctr Fundamental Phys Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab Hefei 230029 Peoples R China

Water window" soft X-ray has some advantages in the microimaging of biological specimens. soft X-ray holography can give us three-dimensional images of biological cells in their natural condition. Quasi-monochromatic soft X-ray from the polymonochromatic synchrotron radiation is obtained by a zone plate-pinhole linear monochromator at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Hefei. The pinhole is used to increase the temporal coherence of the soft X-ray, and also to increase the spatial coherence of it. An in-line holographic experiment has been finished with soft X-ray of main wavelength 4.5 nm and pinhole of diameter 0.03 mm. The magnified hologram is reconstructed with He-Ne laser. A smaller pinhole is wanted to be used to improve the coherence of the soft X-ray so as to improve the quality of the hologram.

关键词： soft X-ray microscopy in-line hologram.