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Present-day movement characteristics of the Qinghai Nanshan fault and its surrounding area from GPS observation

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第2期15卷 133-141页

作者： Yang Liu Yuxuan Qiu Jialiang Liu Luyun Xiong Caijun Xu Jianghui Geng Gang Zheng Tianchen Sheng School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geophysical Geodesy Ministry of Natural ResourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Qinghai Basic Surveying and Mapping Institute Xining 810101China

The Qinghai Nanshan fault is a larger fault in the Northeastern Xizang Plateau.In previous studies,its movement characteristics are mainly investigated with geological and seismic observations,and the tectonic transformation role of the fault on its east is not yet clear.This study uses data fusion to obtain denser GPS observations near the Qinghai Nanshan fault.Based on tectonic characteristics,we establish a block model to investigate the fault slip rate,locking degree,and slip deficit.The results show that the Qinghai Nanshan fault slip rate is characterized by sinistral and convergent movement.Both the sinistral and convergent rates display a decreasing trend from west to east.The locking degree and slip deficit are higher in the western segment(with an average of about 0.74 and 1.1 mm/a)and lower in the eastern segment.Then,we construct a strain rate field using GPS observations to analyze the regional strain characteristics.The results indicate that along the fault,the western segment shows a larger shear strain rate and negative dilation rate.Regional earthquake records show that the frequency of earthquakes is lower near the fault.The joint results suggest that the western segment may have a higher earthquake risk.In addition,the insignificant fault slip rate in the eastern segment may indicate that it does not participate in the tectonic transformation among the Riyueshan,Lajishan,and West Qinling faults.

关键词： The Qinghai Nanshan fault Movement characteristics Block model slip rate GPS

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slip rate of Yema River–Daxue Mountain Fault since the Late Pleistocene and Its Implications on the Deformation of the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 561-574页

作者： LUO Hao HE Wengui YUAN Daoyang SHAO Yanxiu Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake Administration Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Lanzhou National Geophysical Observatory

The slip rate of Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault in the western segment of Qilian Mountains was determined by the dated offset of river risers or gullies. Results indicate that the left-lateral fault slip rate is 2.82± 0.20 mm/a at Dazangdele site, 2.00 ± 0.24 mm/a at Shibandun site, and 0.50± 0.36 and 2.80±0.33 mm/a at two sites in Zhazihu. The ideal average slip rate of the whole fault is 2.81 ± 0.32 mm/a. The lower slip rate confirms part of the displacement of Altyn Tagh fault was transformed into an uplifting of the strap mountains in the western segment of Qilian Mountains, whereas another part transformed into sinistral displacement of Haiyuan fault. This study illustrates that the slip of large strike-slip faults in the northeastern margin of the plateau transforms into crust thickening at the tip of the fault without large-scale propagation to the outer parts of the plateau.

关键词： slip rate strike-slip fault Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault Altyn Tagh fault,Qilian ranges

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Paleoseismological Study of the Late Quaternary slip-rate along the South Barkol Basin Fault and Its Tectonic Implications,Eastern Tian Shan,Xinjiang

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第2期91卷 429-442页

作者： WU Fuyao RAN Yongkang XU Liangxin CAO Jun LI An Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics&Volcano Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085China

The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated： the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.

关键词： Eastern Tian Shan South Barkol basin fault paleoseismology left-lateral offset slip rate Eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau Proto-Tethys

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The slip rate and strong earthquake recur-rence interval on the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第3期14卷 263-273页

作者： ZHOU Rong-jun Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province Chengdu China

The geometry of the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone is quite complex, and it is composed of four secondary-faults, i.e., the Yalahe fault, Selaha-Kangding fault, Zeduotang fault and Moxi fault. On this segment, three strong earthquakes with M greater than or equal 7.0 occurred in 1725, 1786 and 1955, respectively. Based on a study of fault landform and geochronology (14C and Thermoluminesense), this paper documents the average horizontal slip rates during the late-Quaternary on all the secondary-faults of the Qianning-Kangding segment as follows: Yalahe fault: (2.0±0.2) mm/a; Selaha-Kangding fault: (5.5±0.6) mm/a; Zeduotang fault: (3.6±0.3) mm/a; Moxi fault: (9.9±0.6) mm/a. The results from the investigation of surface ruptures of historical earthquakes, coseismic-slip and paleo-earthquakes show that the strong-earthquake recurrence intervals are thousands of years on the Yalahe fault, and 230 to 350 years on the Selaha-Kangding and Zeduotang faults. In the next one hundred years, the recurrence of a strong-earthquake on these faults appears impossible. However, the strong-earthquake recurrence interval on the Moxi fault is about 300 years. Up to now, it has been 214 years since the last earthquake (magnitude 7 3/4) occurred in 1786, therefore, this fault is now approaching the condition favorable for the next strong earthquake recurrence.

关键词： slip rate recurrence interval fault landform paleo-earthquake seismic potential P315.72 + 5

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Late-Quaternary slip rate and Seismic Activity of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone in Southwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第2期90卷 525-536页

作者： ZHANG Yongshuang YAO Xin YU Kai DU Guoliang GUO Changbao Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard MLR

The Xianshuihe fault zone is a seismo-genetic fault zone of left-lateral slip in Southwest China. Since 1725, a total of 59 Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone, including 18 Ms 6.0–6.9 and eight Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes. The seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone is a large and realistic threat to the western Sichuan economic corridor. Based on previous studies, we carried out field geological survey and remote sensing interpretation in the fault zone. In addition, geophysical surveys, trenching and age-dating were conducted in the key parts to better understand the geometry, spatial distribution and activity of the fault zone. We infer to divide the fault zone into two parts： the northwest part and the southeast part, with total eight segments. Their Late Quaternary slip rates vary in a range of 11.5 mm/a –（3±1） mm/a. The seismic activities of the Xianshuihe fault zone are frequent and strong, periodical, and reoccurred. Combining the spatial and temporal distribution of the historical earthquakes, the seismic hazard of the Xianshuihe fault zone has been predicted by using the relationship between magnitude and frequency of earthquakes caused by different fault segments. The prediction results show that the segment between Daofu and Qianning has a possibility of Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, while the segment between Shimian and Luding is likely to have earthquakes of about Ms 7.0. It is suggested to establish a GPS or In SAR-based real-time monitoring network of surface displacement to cover the Xianshuihe fault zone, and an early warning system of earthquakes and post seismic geohazards to cover the major residential areas.

关键词： Xianshuihe fault zone earthquake left-lateral strike-slip fault slip rate seismic activity prediction

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The advance in obtaining fault slip rate of strike slip fault-A review

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第4期1卷 1-8页

作者： Jinrui Liu Zhikun Ren Wei Min Guanghao Ha Jinghao Lei State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China

slip rate along the major active fault is an important parameter in the quantitative study of active tectonics.It is the average rate of fault slip during a certain period of time,reflecting the rate of strain energy accumulation on the fault zone.It cannot only be directly applied to evaluate the activity of the fault,the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis,but also important basic data for the study of geodynamics.However,due to the nonstandardized process of obtaining fault slip rates for a given strike-slip fault,the results could be diverse based on various methods by different researchers.In this review,we analyzed the main advances in the approaches to obtain fault slip rate.We found that there are four main sources affecting the final results of slip rate:the displacement along the fault,the dating of the corresponding displacement,the fitting of the displacement and corresponding dating results,and paleoslip analysis.The main advances in obtaining fault slip rates are based on improving the reli-ability of the above four main factors.To obtain a more reasonable and reliable slip rate for a given fault,it is necessary to select a suitable method according to the specific situation.

关键词： slip rate Strike-slip fault Active tectonics Monte Carlo Paleoslip analysis

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Geodetic slip rate and locking depth of east Semangko Fault derived from GPS measurement

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2020年第3期11卷 222-228页

作者： Satrio Muhammad Alif Erlangga Ibrahim Fattah Munawar Kholil Geomatics Engineering Institut Teknologi SumateraIndonesia Geophysics Engineering Institut Teknologi SumateraIndonesia Geospatial Information Agency Indonesia

65 km Semangko Fault is part of southern segments of Sumatran Fault Zone(SFZ)which is complex corresponds to the transition from the strike-slip regime of the SFZ to the normal faulting tectonics of the Sunda Strait.The recent publication showed branches of Semangko Fault:West Semangko Fault(WSF)and East Semangko Fault(ESF).This study estimated geodetic slip rate and locking depth of ESF using Global Positioning System(GPS)time series data from 2007 to 2019 from all available GPS sites.GPS velocities refer to Sundaland Plate were used to estimate the fault parameters of the WSF and ESF simultaneously.Non-uniformity of velocity direction shows the complexities of Semangko Fault possibly caused by the contribution of all faults around ESF.An ESF geodetic slip rate,which is 12.5±2 mm/yr was lower than WSF,which is 16.5±2 mm/yr.It is consistent with the rigid block nature of the SFZ system as northern segment slip rates have similar value.Small slip rates are possibly leading to lower generated seismic moment than the major segment of SFZ.

关键词： Sumatran fault zone Semangko fault GPS Velocity slip rate Locking depth

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Responses of Stream Geomorphic Indices to Piedmont Fault Activity in the Daqingshan Area of China

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第5期31卷 978-987页

作者： Junyi Wang Zhongtai He Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085China

A recent correlation of stream geomorphic indices to fault activity has revealed that stream geomorphologies in bedrock mountain areas are good records of local fault movements. The Daqingshan piedmont fault is one of the main active faults in the fault system on the northern margin of the Hetao Basin and has produced frequent large-scale earthquakes since the Late Pleistocene. In the present study, following the segmentation regime of previous studies, we divide the fault zone into five segments, namely, the Baotou, Tuyouqi West, Tuzuoqi West, Bikeqi, and Hohhot segments, and we discuss the relationship between the drainage basin geomorphology and the piedmont fault activity in the Daqingshan area using 30 m spatial resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) digital elevation model(DEM) data. We use a range of geomorphic indices to examine the drainage basins in the Daqingshan area, including the channel steepness index(ksn), slope, hypsometric integral(HI), relief degree of land surface(RDLS), and stream lengthgradient index(SL), extracted with ArcGIS and MATLAB, and we also consider local lithologic and climate aspects. Furthermore, we compare the geomorphic indices with the slip rates of individual segments of the Daqingshan piedmont fault and paleoseismic data. The results show that the geomorphic indices of drainage basins in the Daqingshan area are primarily affected by the piedmont fault activity in the Daqingshan area. The geomorphic indices also demonstrate that piedmont fault activity has been the most intense in the middle segment of this fault system since the Late Quaternary and decreases towards the two sides.

关键词： Daqingshan piedmont stream geomorphic index fault activity slip rate paleoearthquake

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Late Quaternary Tectonic Activity and slip rates of Active Faults in the Western Hexi Corridor,NW China

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第5期31卷 968-977页

作者： Xingwang Liu Daoyang Yuan Qi Su Bo Zhang Lanzhou National Observatory of Geophysics、Lanzhou 730000 China L anzhou Institute of Geotechnique and Earthquake China Earthquake AdministrationLanzhou 730000China School of Earth Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China

The Yinwashan and Xinminpu faults are located in the Jiuxi Basin in the western end of the Hexi Corridor. The determination of their activity and slip rates is of great significance for understanding the eastward extension of the Altyn Tagh fault. Based on geological and geomorphologic field survey, trench excavation, optically stimulated luminescence dating, we define the fault geometry and kinematic properties of the two faults. Based on fault scarps measurement using differential GPS and 10 Be surface exposure dating, we determined vertical slip rate of 0.09±0.01 mm/yr for the Yinwashan fault and 0.1±0.02 mm/yr for the Xinminpu fault. Using the dips observed in trenches and natural sections, we estimated horizontal shortening rates of 0.05±0.03 and 0.23±0.06 mm/yr, respectively. No significant strike slip motion is observed on these two faults, and we infer that this region was dominated by horizontal shortening in the Late Quaternary. Although the shortening rate is quite low on each individual fault, together with other faults in this area, these two faults have an essential role in transferring slip from the eastern end of the Altyn Tagh fault and in accommodating the northeastward growth of Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Hexi Corridor Qilian Shan slip rate crustal shortening active fault

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Preliminary study on active features of Fenghuang-shan-Tianshui fault, West Qinling north boundary fault zone since the late of Late Pleistocene

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第2期14卷 230-233页

作者： HAN Zhu-jun Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing China

West Qinling north boundary fault zone (WQNBFZ) is a major NWW-striking fault in the east boundary of Tibetan Plateau, which is parallel to the Xianshuihe fault zone, Eastern Kunlun fault zone and Haiyuan fault zone. It is of mainly sinistral strike-slip. England and Molnar (1990) and WANG and MA (1998) proposed that these strike-slip faults divided the east part of Tibetan Plateau into elongate blocks, which slide successively towards the east, accompanied possibly by the clockwise rotation. What is more, the occurrence frequency of earthquakes with M 36.5 along WQNBFZ is also high, such as BC 47 Zhangxian M=6.8 earthquake, the 128 Gangu M=6.5 earth-quake, the 143 Gangu M=7 earthquake, the 734 Tianshui M=7 earthquake, the 1756 Wushan M=6.5 earthquake and the 1936 Kangle M=6.8 earthquake. However, compared with researches on Haiyuan fault zone, Xianshuihe fault zone and Longmenshan fault zone (Institute of Geology of State Seismological Bureau, Seismological Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 1990; LI, 1993; DENG, et al, 1994; Burchfiel, et al, 1995), the study on WQNBFZ is still weak, although some researches have been done by KANG (1990) and TENG, et al (1991). Based on the field investigation and sample dating, the active features about the Fenghuangshan-Tianshui fault (FTF) of WQNBFZ are discussed in the paper.……

关键词： active fault slip rate surface rupture zone P315.2

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