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Development of a scintillating-fiber-based beam monitor for the coherent muon-to-electron transition experiment

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 156-164页

作者： Yu Xu Yun-Song Ning Zhi-Zhen Qin Yao Teng Chang-Qing Feng Jian Tang Yu Chen Yoshinori Fukao Satoshi Mihara Kou Oishi School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China High Energy Accelerator Research Organization(KEK) Ibaraki 305‑0801Japan Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The coherent muon-to-electron transition(COMET)experiment is a leading experiment for the coherent conversion of μ^(-)N→e^(-)N using a high-intensity pulsed muon beamline,produced using innovative slow-extraction techniques.Therefore,it is critical to measure the muon beam characteristics.We set up a muon beam monitor(MBM),where scintillating fibers woven in a cross shape were coupled to silicon photomultipliers to measure the spatial profile and timing structure of the extracted muon beam for the COMET.The MBM detector was tested successfully with a proton beamline at the China Spallation Neutron Source and took data with good performance in the commissioning run.The development of the MBM,including its mechanical structure,electronic readout,and beam measurement results,are discussed.

关键词： Beam instrumentation Profile monitor Scintillating fiber silicon photomultipliers

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Low-power SiPM readout BETA ASIC for space applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 153-169页

作者： Anand Sanmukh Sergio Gómez Albert Comerma Joan Mauricio Rafel Manera Andreu Sanuy Daniel Guberman Roger Catala Albert Espinya Marina Orta Oscar de la Torre David Gascon Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica(FQA) Institut de Ciències del Cosmos(ICCUB)Universitat de Barcelona(UB)08028 BarcelonaSpain Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya(IEEC) 08034 BarcelonaSpain Electronics Department Serra Hunter fellow at Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 BarcelonaSpain

The BETA application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)is a fully programmable chip designed to amplify,shape and digitize the signal of up to 64 silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)channels,with a power consumption of approximately~1 mW/channel.Owing to its dual-path gain,the BETA chip is capable of resolving single photoelectrons(phes)with a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)>5 while simultaneously achieving a dynamic range of~4000 phes.Thus,BETA can provide a cost-effective solution for the readout of SiPMs in space missions and other applications with a maximum rate below 10 kHz.In this study,we describe the key characteristics of the BETA ASIC and present an evaluation of the performance of its 16-channel version,which is implemented using 130 nm technology.The ASIC also contains two discriminators that can provide trigger signals with a time jitter down to 400 ps FWHM for 10 phes.The linearity error of the charge gain measurement was less than 2%for a dynamic range as large as 15 bits.

关键词： Radiation detectors silicon photomultipliers Photon sensors Front-end electronics Mixed-mode ASICs Space technology

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Quality assurance test and failure analysis of SiPM arrays of GECAM satellites

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 35-42页

作者： D.L.Zhang M.Gao X.L.Sun X.Q.Li Z.H.An X.Y.Wen C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du R.Gao K.Gong D.Y.Guo J.J.He D.J.Hou Y.G.Li C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li X.H.Liang X.J.Liu Y.Q.Liu F.J.Lu H.Lu B.Meng W.X.Peng F.Shi H.Wang J.Z.Wang Y.S.Wang H.Z.Wang X.Wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Y.P.Xu S.Yang J.W.Yang Fan.Zhang S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.Y.Zhao X.Zhou Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Background The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)satellite developed a SiPM-based gamma-ray detector to monitor the gravitational wave-related GRBs and guide subsequent observations in other wavelengths of EM.Purpose As all the available SiPM devices belong to commercial grade,quality assurance tests need to be performed in accordance with the aerospace specifcations.Methods In the SiPM application of GECAM,quality assurance experiments were conducted.The mechanism of the failure of SiPM devices was analyzed during the development process.Result Based on the quality assurance test results,the fnal pass rate of SiPM array was 95%.Based on the failure analysis,it was found that a piece of SiPM had a leakage channel after longtime operation due to device defects.Conclusion According to the accumulated experience,in the reliability test of SiPM,it is necessary to pay special attention to test the impedance of each pin of SiPM to ground and confrm that the power switch state of SiPM is controllable.

关键词： Gravitational waves Gamma-ray detectors silicon photomultipliers Quality assurance test Failure analysis

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Performance optimization of scintillator neutron detectors for EMD in CSNS

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第11期32卷 207-213页

作者：蔡小杰于潜黄畅唐彬周诗慧王小胡岳秀萍孙志嘉 Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621002China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China

Chinese Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) has successfully produced its first neutron beam in 28th August 2017. It has been running steadily from March, 2018. According to the construction plan, the engineering materials diffractometer(EMD) will be installed between 2019–2023. This instrument requires the neutron detectors with the cover area near3 m2in two 90° neutron diffraction angle positions, the neutron detecting efficiency is better than 40%@1A, and the spatial resolution is better than 4 mm×200 mm in horizontal and vertical directions respectively. We have developed a onedimensional position-sensitive neutron detector based on the oblique6Li F/Zn S(Ag) scintillators, wavelength shifting fibers,and Si PMs(silicon photomultipliers) readout. The inhomogeneity of the neutron detection efficiency between each pixel and each detector module, which caused by the inconsistency of the wave-length shifting fibers in collecting scintillation photons, needs to be mitigated before the installation. A performance optimization experiment of the detector modules was carried out on the BL20(beam line 20) of CSNS. Using water sample, the neutron beam with Φ5 mm exit hole was dispersed related evenly into the forward space. According to the neutron counts of each pixel of the detector module, the readout electronics threshold of each pixel is adjusted. Compared with the unadjusted detector module, the inhomogeneity of the detection efficiency for the adjusted one has been improved from 69% to 90%. The test result of the diffraction peak of the standard sample Si showed that the adjusted detector module works well.

关键词： scintillator neutron detector silicon photomultipliers wavelength shifting fiber LiF/ZnS scintil-lator detection efficiency inhomogeneity

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Prototype of an array SiPM-based scintillator Compton camera for radioactive materials detection

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2019年第3期3卷 1-12页

作者： Ji‑Peng Zhang Xiu‑zuo Liang Jia‑le Cai Yi Liu Xian‑chao Huang Dao‑wu Li Xiong Xiao Xiao‑yu Pang Zhi‑ming Zhang Long Wei Lei Shuai Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Purpose The Compton camera,which visualizes the distribution of gamma-ray sources based on the kinematics of Compton scattering,has advantage of wide field of view,broad range of energy and compact structure.Methods In this study,we proposed a prototype of Compton camera,which included array silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)-based position-sensitive detectors,data acquisition(DAQ)system and image reconstruction system.The detectors were composed of Ce-doped Gd_(3)Al_(2)Ga_(3)O_(12) scintillator arrays and pixel Si-PM arrays.In DAQ system,symmetric charge division circuit,impedance bridge circuit and the delay coincidence algorithm were designed to record coincidence events.Simple back-projection algorithm and list-mode maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm were adopted for image reconstruction.The coordinate of longitude and latitude was used for image fusion.Results The performance of this Compton camera prototype system was evaluated.The results indicated that this system was able to locate a ^(137)Cs point source within 20 s with the corresponding radiation dose of~1.0μSv/h.The angular resolution of point source was~7°(FWHM),and the total energy resolution of 662 keV was 7.2%.Furthermore,we succeeded in separating two point sources of different energy[^(22)Na(511 keV),^(137)Cs(662 keV)]in laboratory test.Conclusions This prototype of scintillator Compton camera offers capabilities for applications like source term investigation and radioactive materials detection.

关键词： Compton imaging Scintillator Compton camera silicon photomultipliers Image reconstruction

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