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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2024年第3期13卷 73-86页

作者： Hilal K. Al-Shidi Hameed Sulaiman Department of Educational Studies University of Technology and Applied Sciences Khasab Oman Department of Biology Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

Particulate matter (PM10) deposited as road dust is considered an important source of contamination from atmosphere. However, there are limited studies on the toxicity of road dust as such on different organisms. This study evaluates the toxicity of road dust using different extraction scenarios on Daphnia magna and Artemia salina as aquatic organisms and also on Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis as local plant species. Chemical analysis of different extracts shows considerable amount of trace metals, however the trace metals in the dust extract associated with suspended sediment were not absorbed by the receptors. On the other hand, the concentration of trace metals in the artificial mixture was found bioavailable and absorbed causing a high percentage of mortality. In the plant assay, significant difference was obtained in the germination percentage between the control and three different extraction exposures in both plant species. The mean root length of P. cineraria and V. tortilis were higher in 20% and 50% extracts than the control probably due to the availability of nutrients from the dust extract. Interestingly however, the seedling vigor index was the opposite with higher index in the control and lower in dust extracts that contain heavy metals.

关键词： road dust Heavy Metals Toxicity Bioavailability Holding Time

Distribution of platinum group elements in road dust in the Beijing metropolitan area, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： WANG Juan ZHU Ruo-hua SHI Yan-zhi Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China

dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area （China） were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements （PGEs）. The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction （150 μm） were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations ofPt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 rig/g, respectively. The distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the dements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.

关键词： platinum (Pt) palladium (Pd) rhodium (Rh) road dust distribution environmental pollution

Application of micro-morphology in the physical characterization of urban road dust

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 146-155页

作者： Jithin Jose B.Srimuruganandam School of Civil Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014Tamil NaduIndia

Urban road dust was collected from Vellore City,Tamil Nadu,India,and *** electron microscopy(SEM)was used to examine road dust from nine sampling locations in the study *** image analysis was used to identify various shape factors of collected dust *** equivalent spherical diameter of most particles was between 10μm and 30μ*** particles had greater concentrations at locations with higher traffic *** were categorized into four classes based on their shape factors,viz.,spherical,mineral,elongated,or *** particles had the smallest mean equivalent diameter(1.95μm)and mineral particles had the largest diameter(33.3μm).Spherical particles made up the smallest portion of road dust(0-12%)in the study region and mineral particles made up the largest(45-65%).Elongated and irregular particles,each made up 23-30%of road *** dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the elemental composition of dust *** particles were mostly from combustion sources and mineral particles were largely of crustal *** individual source was found for irregular and elongated *** debris was the major source of irregular particles.

关键词： road dust Scanning electron microscopy Shape factors Silt load Size distribution Particle shapes

Estimating emissions and concentrations of road dust aerosol over China using the GEOS-Chem model

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第4期10卷 298-305页

作者： TANG Ying-Xiao LIAO Hong FENG Jin State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

Paved road dust is one of the most important aerosols in China. The authors estimated road dust emissions using an empirical model （AP-42 model） developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and simulated road dust concentrations over China for the years 2006-2011 using the GEOS-Chem *** annual road dust emissions amount averaged over 2006-2011 is estimated to be 2331.4 kt, with much higher emissions in eastern China than in western China. Because of heavy traffic and a dense road network, emissions are high over Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu （BTT）, Henan Province, and Shandong Province. Meanwhile, emissions are calculated to be 459.1, 112.0, and 102.7 kt, respectively, over BTT, the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region, and the Yangtze River Delta （YRD）. Due to the monthly variation of precipitation, road dust emissions over China are simulated to be highest in December and lowest in June. The highest annual mean road dust concentration is simulated to be 14.5 tJg m-3 in Beijing. Over 2006-2011, because of the increases in road length and number of vehicles, annual road dust emissions for China as a whole, Bl-r, the PRD, and the YRD, are simulated to increase by 260%, 239%, 266%, and 59%, respectively, leading to 233%, 243%, 273%, and 100% increases in road dust concentrations in these regions, respectively. Our results have important implications for air pollution control in China.

关键词： road dust spatialdistribution temporalvariation China GEOS-Chem

Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第12期25卷 1439-1451页

作者： LI Kexin LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing YANG Zhiping Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribu- tion patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements （As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Z.n, Mn, and Ni） in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concen- trations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested met- als except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of ＂heav- ily polluted＂ to ＂extremely polluted,＂ whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of ＂moderately polluted＂. The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children （H1=1.89）, indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults （H1=0.23）. The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.

关键词： road dust heavy metal elements contamination assessment health risk assessment Bayan Obo Mining Region

Assessment of road dust Contamination in India

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 77-88页

作者： Dhananjay Sahu Shobhana Ramteke Nohar Singh Dahariya Bharat Lal Sahu Khageshwar Singh Patel Laurent Matini Jose Nicolas Eduardo Yubero Jan Hoinkis JK Laxmi Cement Ahiwara Durg CG India School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Department of Exact Sciences E.N.S. Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory Applied Physics Department Miguel Hernandez University Elche Spain Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany

The road dusts (RD) are fugitive in nature causing potential health hazards to people living in highways. They are generated from different sources on the roads and being a valuable archive of environmental information. In the present work, contamination assessment of 18 heavy metals and ions in road dusts of the country are described. Techniques i.e. ion selective, ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometers were used for analysis of the ions and metals. The content of F-, Cl-, , , , Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg in the road dusts was ranged from 75 - 895, 276 - 12718, 48 - 1423, 243 - 10,580, 11 - 539, 290 - 46,484, 110 - 7716, 84 - 1771, 595 - 15,955, 24 - 42, 164 - 526, 1711 - 5218, 63,850 - 144,835, 47 - 62, 81 - 720, 166 - 450, 92 - 295 and 0.05 - 0.12 mg/kg with mean value of 224 ± 43, 3734 ± 895, 592 ± 895, 2859 ± 662, 143 ± 29, 4826 ± 2049, 1565 ± 411, 837 ± 121, 8545 ± 1288, 31 ± 4, 246 ± 82, 3002 ± 851, 91,331 ± 18,587, 54 ± 4, 206 ± 145, 241 ± 64, 171 ± 42 and 0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg, respectively (at 95% probability). The enrichment, variation, correlation and sources of the contaminants are discussed.

关键词： Ions Heavy Metals Sources road dust

Estimation of road dust using BSNEs

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Natural Science 2013年第5期5卷 567-572页

作者： Qi Jia Nadhir Al-Ansari Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden

Mining is a core industry in Sweden and plays an important role in the economic development throughout the country. Though the importance of mining dust has been well recognized, the quantification of dust production with regard to individual source activity has rarely been done in Sweden. Depending on the type of source activity, dust estimation method can be chosen from three alternatives: exposure profiling methods, back calculation method, and wind erosion prediction method. Also included in the paper is an example of experiment, which was executed on two unpaved roads in Lulea, Sweden by using exposure profiling method. The experiment concluded that dust emission due to vehicle transportation is strongly dependent on traveling speed and road bed material.

关键词： road dust dust Measurement BSNEs

Development and characterization of formulation of dust-suppressant used for stope road in open-pit mines

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2013年第2期19卷 219-225页

作者： Cui-Feng DU Li LI Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The components of dust-suppressant were determined based on the analysis on characteristics and mechanisms of road dust raising in open-pit mines. The components were initially selected from moisture agent, coagulation agent and surfactant. The optimal formulation was determined based on orthogonal test and using the water loss rate as the evaluation index. The performances of moisture releasing and adsorption, wind resistance of optimal formulation in the natural environment were tested. The results show that the formula obtained in experiments provide a good performance of moisture absorption and water retention, and it also had a good dust preventing and controlling performance due to its high surface strength and consolidation under dry conditions. It has good application prospects considering the wide variety of sources for materials and the simple preparation process.

关键词： hygroscopic coagulation agent surfactant open-pit mine road dust suppressant formulation

Source identification, contamination status and health risk assessment of heavy metals from road dusts in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 159-174页

作者： Aklima Nargis Ahsan Habib Md Nazrul Islam Kai Chen Md Shafiqul Islam Sarker A N M Al-Razee Wenbin Liu Guorui Liu Minggang Cai Coastal and Ocean Management Institute&State Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Chemistry University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Central Chemical Laboratory Department of Narcotics ControlMinistry of Home AffairsDhaka 1204Bangladesh Department of Analytical Chemistry&Environmental Science Training Institute for Chemical IndustriesPolashNarsingdi 1611Bangladesh State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

In this study, concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in road dusts collected from different locations in Dhaka to assess source, contamination status and health risk. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and their mean concentrations were 162.27 ± 29.46, 721.18 ± 180.14, 35.65 ± 12.55, 104.56 ± 128.33, 515.32 ± 321.90,BDL, and 342.82 ± 591.20 mg/kg, respectively. Among the heavy metals, highest concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were found at urban sites-7(municipal waste dumping) and 8(medical waste incineration). Highest concentration of Cr followed by Cu and Zn was found at site-5(Tejgaon, urban). Principal component analysis revealed that anthropogenic activities are the potential sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb while earth crust for Mn. Pollution index and pollution load index results suggested that all the sites were contaminated and/or degraded by Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb except sites-9(urban), 10(sub-urban), 11(rural) while sites-7 and 8(urban) were extremely degraded. For noncarcinogenic health risk, hazard quotient values for dermal were higher compared to that of inhalation/ingestion. Though hazard index values were less than 1 at all the sites, these were at least one order of magnitude higher for children group than that of adult group, thus the children group may face more noncarcinogenic health risk at sites -7 and 8. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk were from 10to 10showed no carcinogenic health risk by road dusts contaminated with the heavy metals.

关键词： Heavy metal road dust Dhaka Principal component analysis Pollution status Health risk assessment

Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution:A study of nanoparticles

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 746-755页

作者： Erika M.Trejos Luis F.O.Silva James C.Hower Eriko M.M.Flores Carlos Mario González Jorge E.Pachón Beatriz H.Aristizábal Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Research Group Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede ManizalesManizalesColombia Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66Barranquilla 080002Colombia University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa MariaBrazil Centro Lasallista de Investigación y Modelación Ambiental–CLIMA Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia

The influence of emissions of an active volcano on the composition of nanoparticles and ultrafine road dust was identified in an urban area of the *** many cities are close to active volcanoes,few studies have evaluated their influence in road dust *** quality in urban areas is significantly affected by nonexhaust emissions(*** dust,brake wear,tire wear),however,natural sources such as volcanoes also impact the chemical composition of the *** this study,elements from volcanic emissions such as Si>Al>Fe>Ca>K>Mg,and Si-Al with K were identified as complex ***,As,Hg,Cd,Pb,As,H,Cd,Pb,V,and salammoniac were observed in nanoparticles and ultrafine *** composition was detected in the order of quartz>mullite>calcite>kaolinite>illite>goethite>magnetite>zircon>monazite,in addition to salammoniac,a tracer of volcanic *** foregoing analysis reflects the importance of carrying out more studies relating the influence of volcanic emissions in road dust in order to protect human *** road dust load(RD_(10))ranged between 0.8 and 26.8 mg m^(−2)in the city.

关键词： Nanoparticles Amorphous phases Potential hazardous elements road dust Volcano zone