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Eradication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 Reservoir in the brain microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 552-553页

作者： Yuyang Tang Guochun Jiang University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center Institute of Global Health and Infectious DiseasesThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA

Human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV)Reservoirs in the human brain:Antiretroviral therapy(ART)effectively decreases active HIV replication to undetectable levels.Therefore,it greatly improves the quality of life for peo... 详细信息

关键词： immunodeficiency Reservoir Reservoirs

Comparison in phytoplankton diversity-productivity-community stability between river-type Reservoir and lake-type Reservoir

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第4期40卷 1485-1507页

作者： Qiong WU Qiuhua LI Huan LUO Qian CHEN Huaxiang CHEN Yanjun DONG Shenghua LI College of Environment Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute Guangzhou 510611China Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources Guangzhou 510611China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River&Lake Guangzhou 510611China Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Bureau of Ecological Environment of Xunwu County of Jiangxi Province Xunwu 342200China

Relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is one of the core issues in ecological research.Phytoplankton,as the main producer of aquatic ecosystem,its diversity,productivity,and community stability are of great signifi cance to reveal ecosystem function.There are signifi cant diff erences in hydrodynamics,water retention time,and phytoplankton community structure between river-type Reservoir and newly built lake-type Reservoir.The comparative analysis of phytoplankton community stability between the two types of Reservoir has not been reported.Jiuquwan Reservoir(river-type)and Taihu Reservoir(lake-type),the two Reservoirs in the Dongjiang River source area of Zhujiang(Pearl)River Basin,were selected for comparison in terms of multi-year operation vs.new impoundment,river-type vs.lake-type,and shallow water vs.sub-deep water Reservoirs.Samples were collected in dry season(December 2019),normal season(March 2020),and wet season(August 2020),on which the phytoplankton diversity and productivity of the two Reservoirs,and the relationship and diff erence of community stability were examined.Results show that(1)the number of phytoplankton species in Jiuquwan Reservoir decreased comparing that before algal bloom and the restoration treatment,while that in Taihu Reservoir increased compared with that before the impoundment of the Reservoir.There was no signifi cant diff erence in functional groups and species number between the two Reservoirs(P>0.05);(2)the biological stability,diversity,productivity,and resource utilization effi ciency of newly built lake-type Reservoir were higher than those of multi-year river-type Reservoir.In addition,the utilization effi ciency of phytoplankton resources was the highest in wet season in both Reservoirs.The increases in biodiversity,richness,and evenness promoted the stability of the community,while increases in productivity and resource utilization effi ciency weakened the stability of the community;(3)community stability was aff ected by both biotic and abiotic fact

关键词： community stability functional group stability phytoplankton diversity resource utilization effi ciency Reservoir

Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Diagenetic Studies of the Jurassic Carbonates of the Kohat Basin, Northwest Pakistan: Reservoir Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1673-1692页

作者： Emadullah KHAN Abbas Ali NASEEM Suleman KHAN Bilal WADOOD Faisal REHMAN Maryam SALEEM Mubashir MEHMOOD Waqar AHMAD Zubair AHMED Tahir AZEEM Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-e-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Geology Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 71006China Department of Geology University of SwabiSwabi 23561Pakistan Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences Bahria UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Earth&Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3Canada

The present study deals with the depositional facies, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy of the shallow marine carbonates of the Samana Suk Formation, Kohat Basin, in order to elucidate its Reservoir quality. The Samana Suk Formation consists of thin to thick-bedded, oolitic, bioclastic, dolomitic and fractured limestone. Based on the integration of outcrop, petrographic and biofacies analyses, the unit is thought to have been deposited on a gentle homoclinal ramp in peritidal, lagoonal and carbonate shoal settings. Frequent variations in microfacies based sea-level curve have revealed seven Transgressive Systems Tracts(TSTs) and six Regressive Systems Tracts(RSTs). The unit has undergone various stages of diagenetic processes, including mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation,micritization, dissolution and dolomitization. The petrographic analyses show the evolution of porosity in various depositional and diagenetic phases. The fenestral porosity was mainly developed in peritidal carbonates during deposition,while the burial dissolution and diagenetic dolomitization have greatly enhanced the Reservoir potential of the rock unit, as is further confirmed by the plug porosity and permeability analyses. The porosities and permeabilities were higher in shoal facies deposited in TSTs, as compared to lagoonal and peritidal facies, except for the dolomite in mudstone, deposited during RSTs. Hence good, moderate and poor Reservoir potential is suggested for shoal, lagoonal and peritidal facies,respectively.

关键词： porosity diagenesis Reservoir Samana Suk Formation Kohat Basin

Sequence sedimentary evolution and Reservoir distribution in the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation,Gaomo area,Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1004-1018页

作者： TAN Lei LIU Hong CHEN Kang NI Hualing ZHOU Gang ZHANG Xuan YAN Wei ZHONG Yuan LYU Wenzheng TAN Xiucheng ZHANG Kun State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Sichuan Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs Southwest Petroleum University Division Chengdu 610500China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oilfield CompanyChengdu 610041China Southwest Geophysical Research Institute BGPCNPCChengdu 610213China

Based on comprehensive analysis of cores,thin sections,logging and seismic data,the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 3 and Deng 4 members for short)in the Gaomo area of Sichuan Basin were investigated,and the favorable zones for Reservoir development in the Deng 3 Member and Deng 4 Member were predicted.(1)Two Type I and one Type II sequence boundaries are identified in the Deng 3 and Deng 4 members.Based on the identified sequence boundaries,the Deng 3 and Deng 4 members can be divided into two third order sequences SQ3 and SQ4,which are well-developed,isochronal and traceable in this area;the SQ3 thins from west to the east,and the SQ4 thins from northwest to southeast.(2)The sedimentary environment from the depositional period of SQ3 to SQ4 has experienced the evolution from mixed platform to rimmed platform,and the platform rimmed system on the west side is characterized by the development of platform margin microbial mound and grain shoal assemblages.The intraplatform area is a restricted platform facies composed of a variety of dolomites,and there are local micro-geomorphic highlands of different scales and scattered intraplatform mounds and shoals.(3)The Deng 4 Member Reservoirs,with obvious facies-controlled characteristic,are mainly distributed in the upper part of high-frequency upward shallow cycle and the high-stand systems tract of the third-order sequence vertically,and are more developed in the platform margin belt than in the intraplatform belt,and more developed in the Gaoshiti platform margin belt than in the west Suining platform margin belt on the plane.(4)Three types of favorable Reservoir zones of Deng 4 Member have been finely delineated with 3D seismic data;among them,the mound and shoal facies zones developed in the ancient highlands of the intraplatform are the first choice for the next exploration and development of the Deng 4 Member.

关键词： Sinian Dengying Formation rimmed platform sequence stratigraphy sedimentary evolution Reservoir favorable exploration zone Gaomo area Sichuan Basin

Geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil Reservoir (10^(9) t): A case study of Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin, NE China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： Li-zhi Shi Zhuo-zhuo Wang Zhan-tao Xing Shan Meng Shuai Guo Si-miao Wu Li-yan Luo Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China Beijing Institute of Engineering Geology Beijing 100048China

The Daqing exploration area in the northern Songliao Basin has great potential for unconventional oil and gas resources,among which the total resources of tight oil alone exceed 109 t and is regarded as an important resource base of Daqing oilfield.After years of exploration in the Qijia area,Songliao Basin,NE China,tight oil has been found in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation.To work out tight oil’s geological characteristics,taking tight oil in Gaotaizi oil layers of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin as an example,this paper systematically analyzed the geological characteristics of unconventional tight oil in Gao3 and Gao4 layers of the Qijia area,based on the data of the geological survey,well drilling journey,well logging,and test.It is that three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks(K2qn1,K2qn2+3,and K2n1)develop in the examined area,and exhibit excellent type I and II kerogens,high organic matter abundance,and moderate maturity.The Reservoir is generally composed of thin-bedded mudstone,siltstone,and sandstone,and presents poor porosity(average 8.5 vol.%)and air permeability(average 4 mD).The main Reservoir space primarily includes intergranular pores,secondary soluble pores,and intergranular soluble pores.Three types of orifice throats were identified,namely fine throat,extra-fine throat,and micro-fine throat.The siltstone is generally oil-bearing,the Reservoirs with slime and calcium become worse oil-bearing,and the mudstone has no obvious oil-bearing characteristics.The brittleness indices of the sandstone in the tight oil Reservoir range from 40%to 60%,and those of the mudstone range from 40%to 45%,indicating a better brittleness of the tight oil Reservoir.Based on the study of typical core hole data,this paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of the properties of the tight oil and establishes a tight oil single well composite bar chart as well as the initial evaluation system with the core of properties in the tight oil Reservoir.This study has theoretical guidi

关键词： Unconventional oil and gas Tight oil Thin-bedded mudstone-siltstone-sandstone Reservoir Qijia area Qingshankou Formation Oil and gas exploration engineering Songliao Basin Daqing oilfield

Simulation and Modelling of Water Injection for Reservoir Pressure Maintenance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5761-5776页

作者： Rishi Dewan Adarsh Kumar Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani Surbhi Bhatia Md Ezaz Ahmed Department of Physics University of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradun 248007UttarakhandIndia Department of Computer Science University of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradun 248007UttarakhandIndia College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh 11673Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl Hasa 36362Saudi Arabia

Water injection has shown to be one of the most successful,efficient,and cost-effective Reservoir management strategies.By re-injecting treated and filtered water into Reservoirs,this approach can help maintain Reservoir pressure,increase hydrocarbon output,and reduce the environmental effect.The goal of this project is to create a water injection model utilizing Eclipse Reservoir simulation software to better understand water injection methods for Reservoir pressure maintenance.A basic Reservoir model is utilized in this investigation.For simulation designs,the Reservoir length,breadth,and thickness may be changed to different levels.The water-oil contact was discovered at 7000 feet,and the Reservoir pressure was recorded at 3000 pounds per square inch at a depth of 6900 feet.The aquifer chosen was of the Fetkovich type and was linked to the Reservoir in the j+direction.The porosity was estimated to be varied,ranging from 9%to 16%.The residual oil saturation was set to 25%and the irreducible water saturation was set at 20%.The vertical permeability was set at 50 md as a constant.Pressure Volume Temperature(PVT)data was used to estimate the gas and water characteristics.

关键词： Eclipse water injection Reservoir modeling simulation oil saturation

Reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain:New insights into the role of T cells

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BIOCELL 2023年第12期47卷 2591-2595页

作者： YINGDONG ZHANG MING CHU HONGZHOU LU Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China School of Medicine The Second Affiliated HospitalShenzhen518000China Department of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People’s HospitalShenzhen518000China

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection of the central nervous system(CNS)has attracted significant attention because it contributes to severe complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)and seriously impairs the life quality of infected patients.In this review,we briefly describe the latent infection of HIV in CNS and focus on the role of the important immune cells,such as T cells,in the formation and maintenance of the HIV Reservoir in CNS.This review explores the mechanisms by which T cells enter CNS and establish latent infection of HIV in the CNS.In conclusion,we summarize the role of these cells in the interaction between HIV and CNS.With our better understanding of the underlying mechanisms,we propose future directions for the development of novel strategies to eliminate HIV Reservoirs in the CNS based on cellular components.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Central nervous system Reservoir Latent infection T cells

Flux of organic carbon burial and carbon emission from a large Reservoir: implications for the cleanliness assessment of hydropower

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 603-611页

作者： Fushun Wang Yunchao Lang Cong-Qiang Liu Yong Qin Ningxiao Yu Baoli Wang School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences Tianjin University

Accurately quantifying the budget of carbon sources and sinks in hydropower Reservoirs is important for evaluating the cleanliness of hydroelectricity. However, current research on carbon emissions from Reservoirs has rarely taken into account the organic carbon(OC) buried in sediment. Only greenhouse gas emissions from the water-air interface at Reservoirs have been examined, which would result in an overestimation of the greenhouse effect of Reservoirs. In November 2017, this study investigated the distribution of sediment in the Hongfeng Reservoir(HFR) in southwest China, a typical large hydropower Reservoir, by using an underwater seismology monitoring system. We estimated the flux of OC into sediment using the results of a sediment survey and a dataset compiled from references. Our results show that, the HFR retained 200,715 t of OC in the sediment since its impounding after dam construction to the sampling year of 2017, when the average burial flux was 3,521 t-C aà1(106 g C aà1) and the modern burial flux was 5,449 t-C aà1. After excluding the exogenous OC, the modern valid carbon sink of the sediment was 4,632 t per year. Under the current state of the Reservoir, taking the modern valid carbon sink value, the carbon emissions from the Reservoir's surface, and the discharge water from the dam into consideration, the net carbon sink of the HFR is found to be 1,098.9 t-C aà1. If the hydroelectricity generated by the Reservoir is converted to a carbon sink, then the total net carbon sink becomes 12,972.9 t-C aà1.This work argues that both Reservoir sediment and hydroelectricity are important carbon sinks and both should be included in assessments of the greenhouse effects of Reservoirs.

关键词： The Hongfeng Reservoir Sediment Carbon sink Underwater seismology method

Destratification and oxygenation efficiency of a water-lifting aerator system in a deep Reservoir:Implications for optimal operation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第11期30卷 9-19页

作者： Yang Li Tinglin Huang Xinlin Tan Zizhen Zhou Weixing Ma Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and EcologyMOEXi'an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology

Thermal stratification is a common phenomenon in lakes and Reservoirs and has a significant influence on water quality dynamics. Heihe Reservoir is a canyon-shaped Reservoir in Shaanxi Province with strong thermal stratification. Therefore, eight water-lifting aerators （WLAs） were installed in this Reservoir, which could overcome thermal stratification and increase oxygenation with gas flows between 20 and 50 m3/hr, and oxygenate the hypolimnion with gas flows less than 20 m3/hr. To examine the destratification efficiency of the WLA system, we used a three- dimensional hydrodynamic module based on MIKE 3 to simulate the thermal structure of Heihe Reservoir and compared the simulations with measured data. Results showed that operation of the WLA system promoted water mixing and effectively oxygenated the hypolimnion. Through the established energy utilization assessment method, the energy utilization efficiency of the WLA system was between 5.36% and 7.30%, indicating the capability of the technique for destratification in such a large Reservoir. When the surface water temperature dropped to the theoretical mixed water temperature calculated by the energy utilization assessment method, reducing gas flow could save energy. This would prevent anaerobic conditions from occurring in the bottom water and maintain good water quality in Heihe Reservoir.

关键词： Reservoir Thermal stratification Numerical simulation Water-lifting aerator Mixing Oxygenation