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Research progress of the relationship between abnormal vestibular reflexes and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Journal of Hainan Medical University 2017年第1期23卷 154-157页

作者： Yi-Lin Yang Jian Zhao Jie Shao Fei Wang Xian-Chao Wei Hai-Jian Ni Ming Li Department of 0rthopaedic Surgery Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is an agnogenic structural scoliosis occurring in adolescence, and the main diagnostic criteria is coronal Cobb angle >10°in total spine X-ray. Studies have shown that AIS may be associated with abnormal postural reflexes, vestibular system is an important component of postural reflexes and its mechanism in the occurrence and development of scoliosis has received wide attention in recent years. In the study, the research progress on the role of abnormal vestibular reflexes in the pathogenesis of AIS was mainly introduced to help the clinicians better understand the pathogenesis of AIS and provide new ideas for AIS study.

关键词： Vestibular reflexes Postural reflexes Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Pathogenesis

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Exploring Challenges in Developing a Smart and Effective Assistive System for Improving the Experience of the Elderly Drivers

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第5期30卷 1133-1149页

作者： Sebin Jung Hong-Ying Meng Sheng-Feng Qin Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel University London Electrical QRD PM UX SBT Division General Motors Korea Northumbria School of Design Northumbria University

As the overall population ages, driving-related accidents and injuries, associated with elderly drivers, have risen. Existing research about elderly drivers mainly focuses on factual data collection and analysis, indicating the elderly＇s growing fatal accident rates and their different behaviours compared to younger drivers. However, few research has focused on design-led practical solutions to mitigate the elderly＇s growing fatal accidents, by consid- ering their usability and body conditions, afflicting the elderly, such as decreased vision, hearing, and reaction times. In this paper, first, current worldwide situations on growing fatal accident rates for elderly drivers is reviewed and the key impact factors are identified and discussed with regarding to usability and design trend in the automotive technology for elderly. Second, existing smart vehicle technology-based solutions to promote safe driving are explored and their pros and cons are discussed and anal- ysed. Most of solutions are not created by people with driving difficulties, which are caused by health problems most commonly afflicting the elderly. Thirdly, diverse design-led research activities are taken, such as a survey, observation, and interviews to gain new understanding of what kinds of driving problems elderly drivers have and demonstrate how new system concepts could be developed for the elderly＇s benefits. Finally, it is found that the elderly＇s low vision and late reaction are main factors causing their driving difficulties. Based on this finding, usable vehicle system design ideas have been proposed, by utilising facial expression sensing technology as a solution. The proposed solutions would ensure reducing both the elderly＇s driving problems and high fatal accident rates and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for the elderly population.

关键词： Elderly drivers Aging health conditionsDriving behaviours Vision impairment Cognitiveimpairment. Hearing loss reflexes Fatal collision

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Body temperature control in fever modeling after preliminary injection of glutamate receptors ligands into the solitary tract nucleus

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 557-562页

作者： Stanislav V. Koulchitsky Svetlana G. Pashkevich Nastassia M. Navasiolava Marc-Antoine Custaud Vladimir A. Kulchitsky Institute of Physiology of NAS of Belarus Minsk Belarus The National Centre for Scientific Research Joint Research Unit 6214 - The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research Joint Research Unit 1083

Deep body temperature of 57 male Wistar rats was measured in response to systemic (i.v. or i.p.) injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animals were preliminarily (4 weeks before the experiment) treated with microinjections of the toxic dose of glutamate receptors agonists or vehicle into solitary tract nucleus or caudal part of ventrolateral medulla. Microinjections of the glutamate receptors agonists provoked a local destruction of brain tissue, which was accompanied by the significant transformation (amplification or attenuation) of temperature response to the systemic injection of 3 μg/kg E. coli LPS. Animals treated with vehicle did not demonstrate significant changes in their response to LPS. Obtained data testify that impairment of central nervous structure involved in the regulation and maintenance of deep body temperature is accompanied by atypical development of E. coli LPS-induced fever.

关键词： Escherichia coli Endotoxin Brainstem Fever Control Body Temperature Defense reflexes

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The spinal circuitry:a functional unit of the brain for motor control

The spinal circuitry:a functional unit of the brain for moto...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Ning LAN Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030

＜正＞The spinal motoneurons（MNs） extend a connection between the motor cortex in the brain and the peripheral neuromuscular apparatus that executes *** is perplexing to find a complex circuitry existed in the spinal cord interweaving the MNs via spinal interneurons（IN）.The extensive convergence of proprioceptive afferents to the interneuronal networks suggests important roles that may be played by these ***,it is disappointing that the functional use of these circuits in motor control has not been clear,even though their neuronal links have long been *** this report,we introduce a computational approach aimed at revealing the functional role of spinal circuits in motor *** approach relies on an integrative,multi-scale modeling of the musculoskeletal and sensorimotor system with realistic neural physiological *** motor behaviors of the regulated system can be simulated with various scenarios of reflex configurations and feedback *** results indicated that the nonlinear biomechanical and physiological properties of the musculoskeletal system play a significant constraint to the ability to achieve a wide range of equilibrium position from an initial position with low feedback gains.A movement command is necessary to transfer the arm from one region associated to a particular initial position to another,and an adaptive strategy may be programmed to facilitate gain scheduling associated to a particular *** is consistent with recent experimental findings that suggest separate control of movement and position by the *** is promising that a computational approach combined with experimental probing is emerging to provide new insights into the spinal mechanism of motor control.

关键词： motor cortex spinal circuits reflexes sensorimotor system muscles spindles GTOs biomechanics motor control

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