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Population-specific effects of temperature and photoperiod on development and body mass in Cassida vibex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1810-1826页

作者： Dmitry Kutcherov Elena B.Lopatina Department of Entomology St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.PetersburgRussia

An interplay of genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity in shaping geographic variation is increasingly receiving attention in the entomological literature. Two major environmental variables that govern life histories are temperature and photoperiod. Studies of thermal and photoperiodic reaction norms help us understand how insect diversity evolved and how insects respond to environmental change. We studied survival, development, and body mass in three geographic populations of the beetle Cassida vibex reared in the laboratory under several combinations of constant temperature (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 °C) and photoperiod (short-day and long-day). The three collection sites are situated along a climatic gradient and separated by hundreds of kilometers. Each population subtly but significantly differs in the absolute values of survival rate, developmental rate, and body mass as well as in the thermal and photoperiodic plasticity of these traits, but the geographic differences do not form a latitudinal cline. The southernmost population from a relatively warm climate survives worse at low temperatures than the other two, but the overall survival is lowest in the latitudinally intermediate population. Short-day conditions tend to accelerate postembryonic development and increase the slope of the developmental rate–temperature relationship, especially so in the intermediate population, followed by the southernmost population and then by the northernmost population. The latter, which inhabits a harsh climate, has the fastest and most temperature-sensitive development, regardless of photoperiod, and attains the largest body mass among the three populations. The intermediately located and photoperiodically plastic population, which lives in a cool but mild climate, in contrast, has the smallest body size. Hence, although the importance of short-day conditions as a seasonal cue increases poleward, the photoperiodic responses do not always become more pronounced in colder

关键词： adaptation life history photoperiodism plasticity reaction norm temperature

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An integrated framework reinstating the environmental dimension for GWAS and genomic selection in crops

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Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 874-887页

作者： Xianran Li Tingting Guo Jinyu Wang Wubishet ABekele Sivakumar Sukumaran Adam EVanous James PMcNellie Laura Tibbs Cortes Marta SLopes Kendall RLamkey Mark EWestgate John KMcKay Sotirios VArchontoulis Matthew PReynolds Nicholas ATinker Patrick SSchnable Jianming Yu Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaONCanada International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Mexico CityMexico Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Identifying mechanisms and pathways involved in gene–environment interplay and phenotypic plasticity is a long-standing *** is highly desirable to establish an integrated framework with an environmental dimension for complex trait dissection and prediction.A critical step is to identify an environmental index that is both biologically relevant and estimable for new *** extensive field-observed complex traits,environmental profiles,and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms for three major crops(maize,wheat,and oat),we demonstrated that identifying such an environmental index(i.e.,a combination of environmental parameter and growth window)enables genome-wide association studies and genomic selection of complex traits to be conducted with an explicit environmental ***,genes identified for two reaction-norm parameters(i.e.,intercept and slope)derived from flowering time values along the environmental index were less colocalized for a diverse maize panel than for wheat and oat breeding panels,agreeing with the different diversity levels and genetic constitutions of the *** addition,we showcased the usefulness of this framework for systematically forecasting the performance of diverse germplasm panels in new *** general framework and the companion CERIS-JGRA analytical package should facilitate biologically informed dissection of complex traits,enhanced performance prediction in breeding for future climates,and coordinated efforts to enrich our understanding of mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation.

关键词： phenotypic plasticity genotype by environment interaction gene-environment interplay genomewide association studies genomic selection flowering time reaction norm

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Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： Sean C. LEMA Jun KITANO Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reaction＇ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following： 1） how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves

关键词： Hormone Endocrine reaction norm Developmental plasticity Pleiotropy Ecology Network

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Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity of shape and behavior： parallel and unique patterns across sexes and species

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 369-378页

作者： Heather A. ARNETT Michael T. KINNISON School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine 0rono ME 04469 USA

Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even ex- pect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradi- ent, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for paral- lel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated popula- tion divergence in other studies （slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia）. We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for ei- ther species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.

关键词： boldness common garden geometric morphometrics reaction norm sexual dimorphism size at maturity.

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Predation changes the shape of thermal performance curves for population growth rate

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 501-505页

作者： Thomas M. LUHRING John P. DELONG School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA

Ectotherms generally demonstrate nonlinear changes in performance （e.g., movement speed, indi- vidual growth, population growth） as a function of temperature that are characterized by thermal performance curves （TPC）. Predation risk elicits phenotypic and behavioral changes that likewise impact performance measures. We tested whether exposure to predation Orthocyclops modestus impacts the maximum population growth rate （rmax） TPC of the protist Paramecium aurelia. We fit predator and non-predator exposed P. aurelia population growth rates to a function previously shown to best describe Paramecium population growth rate TPC＇s （Lactin-2） and compared subse- quent parameter estimates between curves. For Paramecium exposed to predation risk, maximum population growth increased more rapidly as temperatures rose and decreased more rapidly as temperatures fell compared to the initial temperature. The area under each TPC curve remained ap- proximately the same, consistent with the idea of a trade-off in performance across temperatures. Our results indicate TPCs are flexible given variation in food web context and that trophic inter- actions may play an important role in shaping TPCs. Furthermore, this and other studies illustrate the need for a mechanistic model of TPCs with parameters tied to biologically meaningful properties.

关键词： paramecium phenotypic plasticity predation reaction norm temperature thermal performance curve.

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Adaptive evolution of migratory behavior

Adaptive evolution of migratory behavior

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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Francisco Pulido Max Planck Research Center for Ornithology Vogelwarte D-78315 Radolfzell Germany

The conditions under which different migration patterns evolved have constantly been changing. Therefore, migratory behavior has always been subject to evolutionary change. At present, this is becoming particularly apparent as rapid climatic wanning is causing major shifts in avian migration patterns. Here, I shall review recent work on genetic variation, changes and constraints on the evolution of migratory behavior, and discuss their implications for adaptive evolution of avian migration.

关键词： blackcap natural selection quantitative genetics reaction norm genetic constraint

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