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Effect of awareness,quarantine and vaccination as control strategies on COVID-19 with Co-morbidity and re-infection

Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 660-689页

作者： Amit Kumar Saha Shikha Saha Chandra Nath Podder Department of Mathematics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET)Dhaka1000Bangladesh

In this paper,a deterministic compartmental model is presented to assess the impact of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions(social distance,awareness,face mask,and quarantine)on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with co-morbidity and reinfection.An expression for the basic reproduction number is then derived for this model.Theoretical analysis shows that the model exhibits backward bifurcation phenomenon when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.But for the case of no reinfection,the model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium(DFE)when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.Furthermore,it is shown that in the case of no re-infection,a unique endemic equilibrium point(EEP)of the model exists which is globally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is greater than unity.From the global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis,we have identified mask coverage,mask efficacy,vaccine coverage,vaccine efficacy,and contact rate as the most influential parameters influencing the spread of COVID-19.Numerical simulation results show that the use of effective vaccines with proper implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions could lead to the elimination of COVID-19 from the community.Numerical simulations also suggest that the control strategy that ensures a continuous and effective mass vaccination program is the most cost-effective control strategy.The study also shows that in the presence of any co-morbidity and with the occurrence of re-infection,the disease burden may increase.

关键词： COVID-19 Co-morbidity Face-mask Quarantine Vaccination Optimal control re-infection

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Factors influencing syphilis treatment failure and/or re-infection in HIV co-infected patients： immunosuppression or behaviors

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第14期124卷 2123-2126页

作者： Jong Hun Kim George Psevdos Jr Jin Suh Victoria Sharp Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA Center for Comprehensive Care St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center New York USA

Background recent studies have reported overall increasing rates of syphilis with a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） co-infection. However, there is little information about factors influencing syphilis treatment failure and/or re-infection in HIV co-infected patients. We conducted a study to evaluate factors associated with syphilis treatment failure/re-infection in HIV co-infected patients.Methods We reviewed 3542 medical records of HIV-infected patients from January 2005 to December 2007 followed up at HIV Clinic in New York City. Patients were categorized by rapid plasma regain titer （RPR） into success/serofast （4-fold decrease in RPR by 12 months after treatment, RPR conversion to nonreactive, persistently stable reactive RPR with no 4-fold increase）, and failure/re-infection （failure to decrease 4 folds in RPR by 12 months after treatment, 4-fold increase in RPR from baseline）.results Among a total of 156 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 122 （78.2％） were under success/serofast category,and 34 （21.8％） were under failure/re-infection category. HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） were not associated with syphilis treatment failure/re-infection. However, early syphilis stage （OR：11.036, 95％ CI： 2.499-48.740, P=0.002） and high （＞1∶64） RPR titers （OR： 715.921, 95％ CI： 422.175-23 113.396, P ＜0.001） were significantly associated.Conclusions No correlations were seen with depressed immune states with syphilis treatment failure and/or re-infection. However, association with early stage syphilis suggests that risky psychological sexual behaviors may be the most important leading factor, emphasizing needs for safe sex education.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus syphilis treatment failure re-infection

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Hepatitis E virus re-infection accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma development and relapse in a patient with liver cirrhosis:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第12期12卷 1358-1366页

作者： Xiao-Na Lin Qiu-Xiong Lin Shu-Mei Li Ke-Ping Xie Jun Hou ren Chen The Laboratory of Computational Medicine and Systems Biology School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Infectious Disease Guangdong General Hospital&Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)superinfection is a suspected promoting factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.However,to date,very few cases of HEV-related HCC have been reported.Nevertheless,the role of HEV re-infection in cirrhotic liver without other chronic hepatitis infections has rarely been explored.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male farmer was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly in August 2016,accompanied with negative HEV-IgM and positive HEV-IgG.No evidence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection was found.Since then the patient was evaluated for liver function and viral parameters every 3 mo.In June 2017,the patient presented severe fatigue with whole body itching and was diagnosed with HCC.Afterwards this patient experienced quick HCC development,progression,relapse,and metastasis in the following 8 mo,and presented persistent dual positivity of HEV-IgM and HEV-IgG.This patient had a long history of smoking and alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION This unique case invokes the importance of HEV surveillance and treatment among cirrhotic patients,HCC cases,and blood donors.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus re-infection Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Case report

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What could re-infection tell us about R0? A modeling casestudy of syphilis transmission

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2019年第1期4卷 257-264页

作者： Joshua Feldman Sharmistha Mishra Centre for Urban Health Solutions St.Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoCanada Department of Medicine Division of Infectious DiseaseUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Medical Sciences University of TorontoCanada

Many infectious diseases can lead to re-infection.We examined the relationship between the prevalence of repeat infection and the basic reproductive number(R0).First we solved a generic,deterministic compartmental model of re-infection to derive an analytic solution for the relationship.We then numerically solved a disease-specific model of syphilis transmission that explicitly tracked re-infection.We derived a generic expression that reflects a non-linear and monotonically increasing relationship between proportion reinfection and R0 and which is attenuated by entry/exit rates and recovery(i.***.treatment).Numerical simulations from the syphilis model aligned with the analytic relationship.re-infection proportions could be used to understand how far regions are from epidemic control,and should be included as a routine indicator in infectious disease surveillance.

关键词： re-infection Basic reproductive number Compartmental model Syphilis Dynamical system

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with re-infection in China: a case report

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 125-125页

作者： Shou-Ming Lv Chun Yuan Lan Zhang Yu-Na Wang Zi-Niu Dai Tong Yang Ke Dai Xiao-Ai Zhang Qing-Bin Lu Zhen-Dong Yang Ning Cui Hao Li Wei Liu Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity20 Dong-Da StreetFengtai DistrictBeijing 100071People's Republic of China 不详

Background:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),an emerging tickborne infectious disease caused by a novel banyangvirus(SFTS virus,SFTSV),was endemic in several Asian countries with a high mortality up to... 详细信息

关键词： Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome re-infection Tick-borne infectious disease

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The immunological underpinnings of vaccinations to prevent cvtomegalovirus disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 170-179页

作者： A. Louise McCormick Edward S. Mocarski Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Department of Pediatrics Emery University Atlanta GA USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emery Vaccine Center Emery University Atlanta GA USA

A universal cytomegalovirus （CMV） vaccination promises to reduce the burden of the developmental damage that afflicts up to 0.5% of live births worldwide. An effective vaccination that prevents transplacental transmission would reduce CMV congenital disease and CMV-associated still births and leave populations less susceptible to opportunistic CMV disease. Thus, a vaccination against this virus has long been recognized for the potential of enormous health-care savings because congenital damage is life-long and existing anti-viral options are limited. Vaccine researchers, industry leaders, and regulatory representatives have discussed the challenges posed by clinical efficacy trials that would lead to a universal CMV vaccine, reviewing the links between infection and disease, and identifying settings where disrupting viral transmission might provide a surrogate endpoint for disease prevention. reducing the complexity of such trials would facilitate vaccine development. Children and adolescents are the targets for universal vaccination, with the expectation of protecting the offspring of immunized women. Given that a majority of females worldwide experience CMV infection during childhood, a universal vaccine must boost natural immunity and reduce transmission due to reactivation and re-infection as well as primary infection during pregnancy. Although current vaccine strategies recognize the value of humoral and cellular immunity, the precise mechanisms that act at the placental interface remain elusive. Immunity resulting from natural infection appears to limit rather than prevent reactivation of latent viruses and susceptibility to re-infection, leaving a challenge for universal vaccination to improve upon natural immunity levels. Despite these hurdles, early phase clinical trials have achieved primary end points in CMV seronegative subjects. Efficacy studies must be expanded to mixed populations of CMV-naive and naturally infected subjects to understand the overall efficacy and potential. Together with CMV vaccin

关键词： congenital disease prevention re-infection vaccine

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Comparative Analysis of Transcriptional Profiles of Schistosoma japonicum from Primary Infected and re-infected Water Buffalo

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptional Profiles of Schistos...

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第十一届全国寄生虫学青年工作者学术研讨会

作者： Yudan Mao Chuanchuan He Xin Zhang Hao Li Ke Lu Zhiqiang Fu Yang Hong Chuangang Zhu Yamei Jin Jiaojiao Lin Jinming Liu Shanghai Veterinary research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal ParasitologyMinistry of Agriculture

Background Schistosoma japonicum is a zoonotic parasite that utilizes a wide range of mammalians as definitive hosts.As an important reservoir,water buffalo is the main transmission sources of Schistosoma japonicum.It is generally accepted that water buffalo to schistosome infection is characterized by possessing of self-cure phenomenon.Methods Adult worms were perfused through the hepatic portal vein of the animals after challenging 49 days and the worm recovery rate was calculated.The worms obtained from primary infection and re-infection of Water Buffalo.In present study,RNA-sequencing transcriptomic analysis was utilized to compare the transcriptional expression differences in S.japonicum from primary infected and reinfected water buffalo.results A total of 112 were identified to be differentially expressed genes(DEGs),of which 51 were up-regulated(≤1.3 fold) and 61 were down-regulated(≤1.3 fold) in schistosomes from primary infected water buffalos,compared with the re-infected animals.Gene ontology(GO) analysis and KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the unique DEGs were involved in important biological processes,such as aerobic respiration,monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane and inorganic cation transmembrane,as well as up-regulated genes were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation,ECM-receptor interaction and N-Glycan biosynthesis while down-regulated genes were associate with Arginine and proline metabolism,biosynthesis of amino acids and spliceosome.Conclusions The work revealed that some of DEGs could function to influence development and survival of schistosomes at re-infected water buffalo.Our study has helped us to understand the resistance mechanisms of re-infected water buffalo against S.japonicum and may be valuable for controlling of schistosomiasis transmission.

关键词： Schistosoma japonicum water buffalo re-infection RNA-sequencing

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