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Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high‑starch,100%plant‑based diet

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 713-732页

作者： Raphaël Defaix Jep Lokesh Laura Frohn Mickael Le Bechec Thierry Pigot Vincent Veron Anne Surget Sandra Biasutti Frederic Terrier Sandrine Skiba-Cassy Jerome Roy Stephane Panserat Karine Ricaud Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAINRAENUMEASaint‑Pee‑Sur‑NivelleFrance Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPACNRSIMT Mines AlesIPREMPauFrance Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAIUT des Pays de l’AdourDepartement Genie BiologiqueMont de MarsanFrance.

Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and welfare.We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.In a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout.We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.Results The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including Ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria.There were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin.The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers.Finally,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.Conclusions With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100%plant-based diet.

关键词： Aquaculture Fish nutrition Gut microbiota Immune markers Intermediary metabolism Inulin Prebiotic rainbow trout Short-chain fatty acids

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神经损伤是轮胎橡胶衍生污染物6PPDQ引起虹鳟急性毒性的重要原因

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Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 621-635页

作者：廖晓亮陈智锋欧诗平刘倩怡林善鸿周嘉明王玉洁蔡宗苇 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and HealthSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone(6PPDQ)has attracted significant attention due to its highly acute lethality to sensitive salmonids.However,studies investigating the mechanisms underlying its acute toxicity have been lacking.In this work,we demonstrated the sensitivity of rainbow trout to 6PPDQ-induced mortality.Moribund trout exhibited significantly higher brain concentrations of 6PPDQ compared to surviving trout.In an in vitro model using human brain microvascular endothelial cells,6PPDQ can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and enhance blood–brain barrier permeability without compromising cell viability.The time spent in the top of the tank increased with rising6PPDQ concentrations,as indicated by locomotion behavior tests.Furthermore,6PPDQ influenced neurotransmitter levels and m RNA expression of neurotransmission-related genes in the brain and exhibited strong binding affinity to target neurotransmission-related proteins using computational simulations.The integrated biomarker response value associated with neurotoxicity showed a positive linear correlation with trout mortality.These findings significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap between neurological impairments and apical outcomes,including behavioral effects and mortality,induced by6PPDQ.

关键词： Emerging contaminant rainbow trout Neurotransmission Locomotor activity Molecular dynamics simulation

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Effect of micro-algae Schizochytrium sp.supplementation in plant diet on reproduction of female rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss):maternal programming impact of progeny

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1175-1192页

作者： Emilie Cardona Emilien Segret Yoann Cachelou Thibaut Vanderesse Laurence Larroquet Alexandre Hermann Anne Surget Geneviève Corraze Frederic Cachelou Julien Bobe Sandrine Skiba-Cassy INRAE Univ.Pau&Pays AdourE2S UPPANuMéAF-64310Saint Pée-sur-NivelleFrance INRAE UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratoryF-35000 RennesFrance Viviers de Sarrance F-64490SarranceFrance Viviers de Rébénacq F-64260RébénacqFrance.

Background:The broodstock diet,and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet,is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish.A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA).To address this problem,we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp.microalgae,source of DHA,compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny,in female rainbow trout broodstock.Results:The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption.Moreover,when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae,the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month.We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed.

关键词： Egg quality Micro-algae Nutritional programming Plant diet rainbow trout Reproduction

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Retention of fin clips and fin and operculum punch marks in rainbow trout

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 660-663页

作者： Alex J.Rosburg Jacob L.Davis Michael E.Barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks4725 Jackson BoulevardRapid CitySD57702USA South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks4130 Adventure TrailRapid CitySD57702USA South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks19619 Trout Loop SpearfishSouth Dakota57783USA

Fin clips(complete fin removal)or punch marks(stamping of a hole)in fins or operculum are quick and inexpensive methods to identify individuals or groups of fish.This study evaluated the retention of 6 mm diameter punch marks on the operculum,caudal(upper and lower lobes),dorsal,pelvic,and anal fins,and fin clips on adipose,pectoral,pelvic,dorsal and anal fins of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for 279 days.Growth and survival were not significantly different among fish with the different mark types or locations.At the end of the experiment,100%of adipose clips,97%of pectoral and anal fin clips,and 93%of dorsal clips and pelvic fin clips were retained.Retention of punch marks was 57%and 50%for the lower and upper caudal fin lobe locations respectively,23%for the dorsal fin,and 3%for the operculum.No pelvic or anal fin punch marks were identified at the end of the trial.Significant differences in retention among the treatment groups did not occur until 125 days post marking,after which all fin clip treatments had significantly greater retention than pelvic and dorsal punch marks.Beyond 244 days,fin clips outperformed all punch mark locations.

关键词： Marking rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Fin punch Fin clip Mark retention

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Debrominated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolites in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1425-1434页

作者： Chenglian Feng,Yiping Xu,Yue He,Qian Luo,Jinmiao Zha,Zijian Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE209） is the primary component in a commonly used flame retardant. Previous studies had proved that BDE209 itself was not toxic, while its metabolites including debrominated diphenyl ethers （De-BDEs） and methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers （MeO-BDEs） posed a potential threat to organisms. Many studies had indicated that BDE209 could metabolize quickly in mammals, but lacking in the basic data about the metabolism of BDE209 in fish. In the present study, two replicate treatment groups of rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus rnykiss） were exposed to BDE209 via a single intraperitoneal injection approximately 100 and 500 ng/g, respectively. Muscle, liver and blood samples were collected to analyze the specific metabolites on day 1 and day 28 post injection. The highest concentration of BDE209 was detected in muscle tissues, from 796.1 ng/g wet weight （day 1） to 687.1 ng/g wet weight （day 28） in high dose group, suggesting that BDE209 could accumulate slightly in muscle tissues. However, BDE209 was not detected in the blood for all treatments. Most congeners of De-BDEs were found in muscle and liver tissues, with the highest concentration in the liver. The main De-BDEs were nona-, octa-, hepta- and penta-De-BDEs. A total of seven MeO-BDE metabolites were observed among different fish tissues. Blood had the highest contribution of the MeO-BDE metabolites. Each MeO-BDE congener increased over the 28 days. These results in contrast to other studies suggested possible species-specific differences in metabolic abilities.

关键词： decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE209） methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers （MeO-BDEs） debrominated diphenyl ethers （De-BDEs） rainbow trout

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Immunotoxic effects of an industrial waste incineration site on groundwater in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第5期26卷 981-990页

作者： Nadjet Benchalgo Franois Gagn Michel Fournier INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminant Research Division

The discharge of organic waste from the petrochemical industry into the Mercier lagoons caused major groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic potential of three groundwater wells at increasing distance from the incinerator dumping site （1.17, 2.74 and 5.40 km）. rainbow trout were exposed to increasing concentrations of water from three groundwater wells for 14 days. Immunocompetence was characterized by phagocytosis, mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis. A significant increase in innate （phagocytosis） and specific immune response （B lymphocyte proliferation） was observed in trout exposed to water collected from the well at 2.74 km. However, phagocytosis activity was suppressed in groups at 1.17 and 5.40 km. The proportion of lymphocytes in S phase was significantly increased in groups at 2.74 and 5.40 kin, while lymphocytes in G0/G1 phase were decreased in all three exposure groups. Additionally, dexamethasone （DEX）-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the group at 2.74 km, which suggests decreased lymphocyte turnover. Furthermore, the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis was lower in the groups at 2.74 and 5.40 km. In summary, our experiments have shown that exposure to the mixture of organic compounds present in Mercier groundwater modulates phagocytosis and cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle and reduces the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis. It is concluded that groundwater collected in the vicinity of an incinerator containment field could impact immunocompetence in fish.

关键词： groundwater phagocytosis lymphocyte proliferation cell cycle apoptosis rainbow trout

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Insect(black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1360-1370页

作者： Femi J.Fawole Shyam N.Labh Md Sakhawat Hossain Ken Overturf Brian C.Small Thomas L.Welker Ronald W.Hardy Vikas Kumar Aquaculture Research Institute Department of AnimalVeterinary and Food SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station Aquaculture Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoHagermanIDUSA Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Aquaculture Faculty of FisheriesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet3100Bangladesh United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHagerman Fish Culture Experiment StationHagermanIDUSA

Alternative sources of fish oil(FO)are one of the major problems in aquaculture;therefore,the goal of the present study was to examine insect(black soldier fly larvae)oil(BSLO)as a potential replacer of fish/s oy oil in juvenile rainbow trout(initial average weight of 32±0.15 g)feed.Four diets were formulated wherein FO(control diet)was completely replaced with either soybean oil(SO)or BSLO,and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5%bile acid(BSLO+BA)were fed to the fish for 10 weeks.Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar(P>0.05)to that of the FO and SO fed groups,howeve r,the fish fed BSLO+BA diet registered the lowest growth(P0.05)affect the major nutrient content of whole-body,however,the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced(Ptrout compared to the others(Prainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance,whole-body composition and nutrient retention,and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.

关键词： Insect oil rainbow trout Growth performance Fatty acid metabolism Antioxidant enzyme

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Effects of full replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on rainbow trout gut and skin microbiota

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1042-1055页

作者： Genciana Terova Elisabetta Gini Laura Gasco Federico Moroni Micaela Antonini Simona Rimoldi Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of InsubriaVia J.H.Dunant321100 VareseItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 2-10095 GrugliascoTorinoItaly

Background:Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal(FM)and fishoil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth.Therefore,the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing.In this regard,insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor(TM)larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)on fish gut and skin microbiota.Methods:A feeding trial was conducted with 126 trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous,isolipidic,and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets.Partially defatted TM meal was included in one of the diets to replace 100%(TM 100)of FM,whereas the other diet(TM 0)was without TM.To analyse the microbial communities,the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa,and in the diets.Results:The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both,gut mucosa-and skin mucus-associated microbiome.Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found.The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features,except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus(family Neisseriaceae)in trout fed with insect meal.The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum,regardless of the diet.Specifically,within this phylum,the Mollicutes,mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family,were the dominant class.However,we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities.The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families.Conc

关键词： Aquaculture Circular economy Gut microbiome Insect meal Metagenome Next-generation sequencing rainbow trout Skin microbiome Tenebrio molitor

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Growth,serum biochemical parameters,salinity tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)in response to dietary taurine levels

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2021年第4期3卷 449-462页

作者： Ming Huang Xiaogang Yang Yangen Zhou Jian Ge DAllen Davis Yunwei Dong Qinfeng Gao Shuanglin Dong Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China School of Fisheries Aquacultureand Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849-54119USA Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266235China

This study evaluated the effect of dietary taurine levels on growth,serum biochemical parameters,salinity adaptability,and antioxidant activity of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Four diets were formulated with taurine supplements at 0,0.5,1,and 2%w/v(abbreviated as To,T05,Tt,and T2,respectively).rainbow trouts(initial weight of 80.09±4.72 g)were stocked in tanks(180 L capacity),and were fed these diets for six weeks and subsequently underwent salinity acclimation.Physiological indicators were determined before salinity acclimation at 1,4,7,and 14 days afterwards.Results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance(final mean weight ranged from 182.35 g to 198.48 g;percent weight gain was between 127.68%and 147.92%)of rainbow trout in freshwater stage,but dietary taurine supplement significantly increased serum-free taurine content.After entering seawater,the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of T2 group returned to its freshwater levels,and the serum cortisol content was significantly higher than To and To 5 groups.At the end of this experiment,the liver superoxide dismutase activity in the To and To 5 groups was significantly lower than in the Tj and T2 groups,and the liver catalase in the To group was the lowest whereas that in the T2 group was the highest.Muscle malondialdehyde content was the highest in the To group,and the lowest in the T2 group.Based on the results of this study,supplement of dietary taurine(0.5-2%)enhanced the salinity tolerance in rainbow trout,which increased with the higher taurine concentration.

关键词： Antioxidant status Health status rainbow trout Salinity adaptation Taurine

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Fatty Acid Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activities of rainbow trout in Response to Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid(DHA)and Eicosapentaenoic Acid(EPA)During Salinity Acclimation

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第6期19卷 1430-1440页

作者： HUANG Ming ZHOU Yangen GE Jian AGUSTSSON Thorleifur LI Li GAO Qinfeng DONG Shuanglin Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266100China NORCE Norwegian Research Center Mekjarvik 124072RandabergNorway RORUM Brynjolfsgata 5 107ReykjavikIceland Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266235China

This physiological study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)on the fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme activities of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)during salinity acclimation.rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 90.61 g±9.25 g were fed diets with the quantities of DHA and EPA equaling to 0.54%,0.95%,1.40%and 1.79%(abbreviated as DE-0.54,DE-0.95,DE-1.40,and DE-1.79,respectively)for eight weeks,after which the gastric and intestinal fatty acids composition were analyzed.Subsequently,the fish underwent salinity acclimation.On days 1,4,7,and 14 after the freshwater was replaced by seawater and at the end of the 8-week period,gastric and intestinal digestive enzyme activities were determined.The results showed that the gastric and intestinal DHA and EPA contents of the fish were positively correlated to their dietary DHA and EPA levels.Low dietary DHA and EPA levels inhibited the protease activity of rainbow trout.Fish in the DE-0.54 group increased the lipase activity to enhance the utilization of lipids maybe due to the inadequate essential fatty acids for fish in this group.Hence,rainbow trout in the DE-0.54 group failed to maintain suitable activities of digestive enzymes after salinity acclimation.Therefore,a diet with minimum 0.95%DHA and EPA levels is necessary for rainbow trout during salinity acclimation.

关键词： digestive enzymes docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid rainbow trout

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