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Runoff projections of the qinling mountains and their impact on water demand of Guanzhong region in Northwest China

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2272-2285页

作者： ZHANG Zhao-peng DUAN Ke-qin LIU Huan-cai MENG Ya-li CHEN Rong LI Da-wei LI Shuang-shuang School of Geographical Sciences and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China School of Geographical Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityLinfen 041081China

The qinling mountains are the main source of water supply to the Weihe River and Hanjiang River,but systematic studies on runoff changes in this region are lacking.This study simulated the annual runoff in the qinling mountains from 1970 to 2015 using the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model and projected runoff changes from 2015 to 2100 under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways(SSPs).Moreover,the water demand in the north and south of the qinling mountains from 2019 to 2100 was analyzed by constructing a system dynamic method.The results show that the mean annual runoff in the southern and northern slopes of the qinling mountains from 1970 to 2015 were 21.5×10^(9) and 3.52×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.Under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2015 to 2100,the mean annual runoff in the southern(northern)slope will increase by 2.9(1.5),2.0(1.4),2.7(1.6),and-2.1(0.4)×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.The mean annual water consumption in the northern foothills of the qinling mountains for Baoji,Xi’an,and Weinan cities is projected to increase from 4.1×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 7.6×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100,while that in the southern foothills for Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo cites is projected to increase from 2.7×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 4.8×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100.Thus,runoff in the southern slope is much larger than the water demand in the southern foothill.The increase of runoff in the northern slope cannot satisfy the water demand in the northern foothill.Therefore,the South-to-North Water Transfer project is proposed for meeting the water demand in the northern foothill.Under the premise of ensuring downstream water demand,approximately 10.5×10^(9) m^(3) of water resources can be transferred from the southern slope to the Weihe River and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan regions under SSP1-2.6,but only 3.9×10^(9) m^(3) can be transferred under SSP5-8.5.

关键词： qinling mountains Climate change Runoff Hydrological model CMIP6 System Dynamics

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Ecological variations of woody species along an altitudinal gradient in the qinling mountains of Central China:area-based versus mass-based expression of leaf traits

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 599-608页

作者： Yongfu Chai Hailin Shang Xiaofei Zhang Ruichang Zhang Xiao Liu Ming Yue Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China(Northwest University) Ministry of EducationTaibai North Rd.229Xi’an 710069Shaanxi ProvinceChina Environmental Protection Research Institute Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group CorpXi’anChina Plant Ecology Department University of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 372076 TuebingenGermany

Leaf trait-based research has become the preferred method to understand the ecological strategies of plants.However,there is still a debate on whether area-based or mass-based traits provide different insights into environmental adaptations and responses.In this study,seven key leaf traits(maximum net photosynthetic rate,dark respiration rate,nitrogen content,photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency,leaf mass per area,leaf dry matter contents and leaf area)of 43 woody species were quantified on the basis of both area and mass along an altitudinal gradient(1100–2700 m)in the qinling mountains of China.Differences in leaf traits and bivariate correlations between the two expressions were compared.By considering different expressions,the strengths and directions of the responses of leaf traits to the altitudinal gradient were determined.Leaf traits showed large variations;interspecific variations contributed more to total variance than intraspecific variations.Bivariate correlations between photosynthetic traits and structural traits(mass per area,dry matter content,and area)were weaker on a mass basis than those on an area basis.Most traits exhibited quadratic trends along the altitudinal gradient,and these patterns were more noticeable for area-based than mass-based traits.Area-based traits were more sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation associated with altitude.These results provide evidence that mass-versus area-based traits show different ecological responses to environmental conditions associated with altitude,even if they do not contain very broad spatial scales.Our results also indicate distinction of photosynthetic acclimation among the two expressions along an altitudinal gradient,reflecting trade-offs among leaf structure and physiological traits.

关键词： Altitude modulation Bivariate relationship Leaf trait qinling mountains

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Taphonomic and paleoenvironmental issues of the Pleistocene loessic Paleolithic sites in the qinling mountains, central China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1519-1528页

作者： WANG SheJiang LU HuaYu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and PalaeoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

Hinterland intermountain basins and northern and southern piedmonts of the qinling mountains accumulated a large amount of loess during the Pleistocene. The loess strata not only record local paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental changes, but also contain rich hominin fossils and Paleolithic remains. In the northern piedmont of the qinling mountains and the lower valley of the South Luohe River, the loess strata have multi loess-paleosol sequences with aeolian loess continuously accumulating during glacial and interglacial cycles. In contrast to the northern piedmont, loess stratigraphy in the hinterland intermountain basins of the qinling mountains is relatively thin and contains finer loess particles. In this "mini" type of loess stratum, the density of Paleolithic remain generally is higher than the Loess Plateau in the north of the qinling mountains. Based on stratigraphic, chronological, and lithic artifacts analysis in recent years, it appears that the regional lithic assemblage belongs to the Oldowan(Mode I) lithic industry, and it is dominated by choppers, cores, flakes, and simple retouched flake tools from 1.15 to 0.6 Ma. Paleolithic open-air sites such as Gongwangling and Chenjiawo in the Lantian area, Shangbaichuan and Liuwan in the Luonan Basin, Qiaojiayao in the Lushi Basin, Longgangsi and Yaochangwan in the Hanzhong Basin, Guanmiao in the Ankang Basin, and the Yunxian Man Site in the Yunxian Basin are representative sites in the region; from 400 to 250 ka, the Longyadong cave site in the Luonan Basin inherited the characteristics of the local Mode I lithic industry, the stone assemblage is made up of cores, flakes, and small retouched flake tools, such as scrapers, points, and burins; during the period from 250 to 50 ka, bi-facially retouched Acheulean tools(Model II), such as hand-axes, picks, and cleavers, were commonly found in the qinling mountains region. The emergence of a large number of Model II artifacts indicates that local lithic industries went through a major transition process. Zhang

关键词： qinling mountains Pleistocene Loess stratigraphy Paleoenvironment Lithic industry

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Fine-scale activity patterns of large-and medium-sized mammals in a deciduous broadleaf forest in the qinling mountains,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2709-2717页

作者： Yuke Zhang Xiangbo He Xuehua Liu Melissa Songer Haishan Dang Quanfa Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control and School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Foping Nature Reserve Foping CountyShaanxi 723400People’s Republic of China Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVA 22630USA Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China

The composition of animal species and interactions among them are widely known to shape ecological communities and fine-scale(e.g.,<1 km)monitoring of animal communities is essential for understanding the relationship... 详细信息

The composition of animal species and interactions among them are widely known to shape ecological communities and fine-scale(e.g.,qinling mountains,China.Fourteen species of large-and medium-sized mammals,including six carnivores,six ungulates,one primate and one rodent species were found.Kernel density estimations were used to analyse the diel or 24 h activity patterns of all species with more than 40 independent detections and general linear models were developed to explore the spatial relationships among the species.The combination of overlapping diel activity patterns and spatial associations showed obvious niche separation among six species:giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca David),takin(Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson),Reeves’s muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi Ogilby),tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii David)and wild boar(Sus scrofa Linnaeus).Long-term fine-scale monitoring is useful for providing information about the co-existence of species and their interactions.The results demonstrate the importance for fine-scale monitoring of animals and plants for improving understanding of species interactions and community dynamics.

关键词： Large-and medium-sized mammals Fine-scale interaction Camera trapping Spatiotemporal patterns Forest dynamics plots qinling mountains

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Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the qinling mountains

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 209-218页

作者： Boqian Yan Jian Yu Qijing Liu Lihua Wang Lile Hu Department of Plant Sciences Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 110016People’s Republic of China Forestry College Beijing Forestry UniversityTsinghua East Road No.35Haidian DistrictBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Urban Construction Beijing City UniversityBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China China Environmental Resources Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100012People’s Republic of China

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the qinling mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the qinling mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.

关键词： Climate response Dendroclimatic Tree-ring width L.chinensis qinling mountains

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The Loess in the qinling mountains and Its Records of Palaeoenvironmental Changes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1998年第4期72卷 420-431页

作者： LEI Xiangyi YUE Leping Loess Research Section Department of Geology Northwest University Xi an 710069 Shaanxi

The Fengzhou loess section is very typical in the qinling mountains. The section, which is about 82 m thick and underlain by Neogene red clays, consists of 33 layers of loess and 33 layers of palaeosol. It covers the Brunhes normal polarity zone and Matuyama reversed polarity zone, and the B / M boundary is located in the middle part of loess layer 8 (L8). The loess of the Matuyama reversed polarity zone records the Jaramillo, Olduvai and Reunion normal polarity subchrons. The boundary between the Matuyama reversed polarity zone and Gauss normal polarity zone (M / Ga) appears on the lithological boundary between loess and Neogene red clays. Loess accumulation in the Fengzhou section started before 2.48 Ma B.P. Based on the stratigraphical structure, the material composition and magnetic susceptibility curve of the Fengzhou loess section, the palaeoclimatic changes during the last 2.48 Ma in the qinling mountains are subdivided into 66 cold-dry and warm-humid stages, equivalent to 33 climatic cycles. The above climatic fluctuations agree very well with those of the oxygen isotopic records from deep—sea deposits.

关键词： qinling mountains loess magnetic susceptibility palaeoenvironmental change

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^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Thermochronological Constraints on the Timing of Collisional Orogeny in the Mian-Lite Collision Belt,Southern qinling mountains

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第2期73卷 208-215页

作者： LI Jinyi, WANG Zongqi and ZHAO Min Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 Chinese Acad Geol Sci Inst Geol Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous geological bodies in the Mianxian-Lueyang (Mian-Lue) collisional belt (MLB) and its neighbouring areas, southern qinling mountains, China, show similar characteristics of having undergone deformation of two stages. The earlier one, which is inferred to be related to collisional orogeny between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean palaeocontinents based on previous geological data, is responsible for large-scale, north-verging recumbent folds and overthrusts, and associated with low greenschist fades metamorphism. 40Ar/39Ar dating of three muscovite samples taken from different localities yields plateau ages of 226.9±0.9 and 219.5±1.4 Ma and an apparent age of 194.5±3.0 Ma. Thus, the late Triassic collision between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean palaeocontinents has been constrained.

关键词： qinling mountains Mian-Lue collision belt muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dating collisional orogeny

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Phylogeography of Gyrodactylus konovalovi(Monogenoidea:Gyrodactylidae) in the qinling mountains in Central China

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Zoological Systematics 2020年第4期45卷 243-258页

作者： Tao Chen Xiaoning Chen Biao Wang Jianzhen Nie Ping You College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710062P.R.China Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin 541199P.R.China

Gyrodactylus konovalovi is an ectoparasite on the Amur minnow(Rhynchocypris lagowskii)that is widely distributed in the cold fresh waters of East Asia.In the present study,the phylogeography of G.konovalovi and the distribution of its host in the qinling mountains are examined.A total of 102 parasite specimens was sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(cox1)gene,and 43 haplotypes were obtained.The ratio of substitution sites(dN/dS)was 0.016 and indicated strongly purifying selection.Haplotype diversity(h)and nucleotide diversity(π)of suprapopulations of G.konovalovi varied widely between distinct localities from the qinling mountains.Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference(BI),maximum likelihood(ML)and maximum parsimony(MP)methods and network analysis revealed that all haplotypes were consistently well-supported in three different lineages A,B,and C,indicating a significant geographic distribution pattern.There was a significant positive correlation between genetic differentiation(Fst)and geographic distance(Pqinling mountains in central China.

关键词： Gyrodactylus konovalovi qinling mountains phylogeography cox1 population expansion

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Structural patterns of land types and optimal allocation of land use in qinling mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第1期11卷 99-109页

作者： LIU Yan-sui, DENG Xiang-zheng (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China

The case study based on qinling mountains in Shaanxi Province of China, in virtue of the information from TM image, classifies the land types and analyzes their spatial and temporal differential law, and puts forward three structural patterns of land types in mountainous areas, namely, spatial, quantitative and qualitative structures of mountainous land types. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the analysis of structural patterns can disclose the heterogeneity and orderliness of combination of land types, which can lay the theoretic foundation for comprehensively recognizing ecological characteristics and succession law of structure and function of land types. After the all-around comparative analysis, an optimal allocation of land use in qinling mountains has been put forward according to the principle of sustainable development and landscape ecology, which can lay the scientific foundation in practice for the structural adjustment and distribution optimization from the macro level to micro level.

关键词： land types succession of land types structural patterns optimal allocation qinling mountains

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A study on environmental aridity over northern and southern to qinling mountains under climate warming

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第2期11卷 193-201页

作者： YAN Jun-ping~1, LIU Yan-sui~2 (1. College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China) College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS

Based on the data up to 1999 from hydroclimatological departments, this pape analyzes the climatic divide implications of the qinling mountains in regional response to the process of climate warming, due to which the grades of dryness/wetness (GDW) in 100 years show that the northern region has entered a drought period, while the southern is a humid period. In a course of ten years, the D-value of annual average air temperature over southern Shaanxi (the Hanjiang Valley) and the Central Shaanxi Plain (the Guanzhong Plain) has narrowed, i.e., the former with a slight change and the latter with rapid increase in temperature. Both regions were arid with the decrease in precipition D-value, namely the plain became warmer while the south was drier. The qinling mountains play a pronounced role in the climatic divide. The runoff coefficient (RC) of the Weihe River decreases synchronously with that of the Hanjiang due to climate warming. The RC of Weihe dropped from 0.2 in the 1950s to less than 0.1 in the 1990s. The Weihe Valley (the Guanzhong Plain) is practically an arid area due to shortage of water. The successive 0.5, 1.0°C temperature anomaly over China marks, perhaps, the improtant transition period in which the environment becomes more vulnerable than before. The study shows the obvious trend of environmental aridity, which is of help to the understanding of regional response to global climate change.

关键词： climate change aridity qinling mountains

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