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Objective assessment of the effect of pupil size upon the power distribution of multifocal contact lenses

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 103-108页

作者： Eleni Papadatou Antonio J.Del Aguila-Carrasco Jose J.Esteve-Taboada David Madrid-Costa Alejandro Cervino-Exposito Optometry Research Group University of ValenciaValencia 46100Spain Optics Ⅱ Department Optics and Optometry FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadrid 28037Spain

AIM： To analytically assess the effect of pupil size upon the refractive power distributions of different designs of multifocal contact lenses.METHODS： Two multifocal contact lenses of center-near design and one multifocal contact lens of center-distance design were used in this study. Their power profiles were measured using the NIMO TR1504 device （LAMBDA-X, Belgium）. Based on their power profiles, the power distribution was assessed as a function of pupil size. For the high addition lenses, the resulting refractive power as a function of viewing distance （far, intermediate, and near） and pupil size was also analyzed.RESULTS： The power distribution of the lenses was affected by pupil size differently. One of the lenses showed a significant spread in refractive power distribution, from about ？3 D to 0 D. Generally, the power distribution of the lenses expanded as the pupil diameter became greater. The surface of the lens dedicated for each distance varied substantially with the design of the lens.CONCLUSION： In an experimental basis, our results show how the lenses power distribution is affected by the pupil size and underlined the necessity of careful evaluation of the patient’s visual needs and the optical properties of a multifocal contact lens for achieving the optimal visual outcome.

关键词： multifocal contact lenses pupil size power profiles refractive power distribution

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Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 568-591页

作者： Liye Zou Fabian Herold Sebastian Ludyga Keita Kamijo Notger G.Muller Matthew B.Pontifex Matthew Heath Ryuta Kuwamizu Hideaki Soya Charles H.Hillman Soichi Ando Brandon L.Alderman Boris Cheval Arthur F.Kramer Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Department of Sport Exerciseand HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences Chukyo UniversityNagoya 466-8666Japan Department of Kinesiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ON N6A 3K7Canada Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Sport Neuroscience Division Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance(ARIHHP)Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Department of PsychologyDepartment of Physical TherapyMovementand Rehabilitation SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew BrunswickNJ 08854USA Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab) Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive and Brain HealthNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance.To better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms.However,there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science.Thus,this review aimed to address that gap in the literature.Methods:To identify eligible studies,we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23,2022.Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale,for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute(for cross-sectional studies).Results:Our systematic review(n=35 studies) offers the following main findings:(a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures;(b) the evidence that pupillometric measures,which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system,can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed;(c) physical training-or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system(operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are,in general,positively associated with cognitive performance improvements;(d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure function(operationalized via antisaccade tasks);and(e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system(operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate).Conclusion:This systema

关键词： Cognition Exercise Fitness pupil size RetinaTagedAPTARAEnd

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Probing the processing of facial expressions in monkeys via time perception and eye tracking

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 882-893页

作者： Xin-He Liu Lu Gan Zhi-Ting Zhang Pan-Ke Yu Ji Dai Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accurately recognizing facial expressions is essential for effective social interactions.Non-human primates(NHPs)are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing,yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other species such as humans.In this study,we systematically investigated how monkeys process the facial expressions of conspecifics and humans using eye-tracking technology and sophisticated behavioral tasks,namely the temporal discrimination task(TDT)and face scan task(FST).We found that monkeys showed prolonged subjective time perception in response to Negative facial expressions in monkeys while showing longer reaction time to Negative facial expressions in humans.Monkey faces also reliably induced divergent pupil contraction in response to different expressions,while human faces and scrambled monkey faces did not.Furthermore,viewing patterns in the FST indicated that monkeys only showed bias toward emotional expressions upon observing monkey faces.Finally,masking the eye region marginally decreased the viewing duration for monkey faces but not for human faces.By probing facial expression processing in monkeys,our study demonstrates that monkeys are more sensitive to the facial expressions of conspecifics than those of humans,thus shedding new light on inter-species communication through facial expressions between NHPs and humans.

关键词： Monkey Facial expression Time perception Eye-tracking pupil size

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Comparison of visual quality after implantation of Al-UV and SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第11期13卷 1727-1732页

作者： Xuan Liao Ji-Yun Li Qing-Qing Tan Jing Tian Jia Lin Chang-Jun Lan Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology the First People's Hospital of NeijiangNeijiang 641000Sichuan ProvinceChina

AIM:To compare the visual performance of pseudophakic eyes implanted with Al-UV and SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens(IOL),and to investigate the correlations between visual quality parameters and pupil size.METHODS:This prospective comparative study included 105 eyes of 90 patients with age-related cataract who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification.The subjects were divided into two groups according to the implanted IOL type.Three months postoperatively,visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured,wave-front aberrations were assessed using a KR-IW aberrometer(Topcon),and objective optical quality parameters were performed using an optical quality analysis system-OQAS Il(Visiometrics).Independent sample Mest and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis.RESULTS:There were no significant differences found in visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and visual quality parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).The measured intraocular spherical aberration(SA)in Al-UV IOL eyes of-0.19±0.05 pm was close to the designed SA value of-0.20 pm.The modulation transfer function cutoff,Strehl ratio and OQAS values were negatively correlated with pupil size in both groups(Ppupil size.

关键词： cataract aspheric intraocular lens visual quality pupil size

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Characteristics of eye movements in major depression

Characteristics of eye movements in major depression

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Zhen-Lan JIN~(1,*),Zhong ZHENG~2,Miao ZHOU~1 1 School of Life Science and Technology,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.4,Section 2, North Jianshe Road,Chengdu 610054,China 2 West China School of Medicine,Sichuan University,48 Xiao Xue Road,Chengdu 610041,China

＜正＞Objective We have compared saccadic eye movements between major depressed and normal people to find out characteristics of eye movements in depressed people.Methods Depressed and normal subjects watched positive,neutral,or negative pictures and they were required to press a button as soon as they found smiling faces. Results We found smaller saccades amplitudes and larger pupil in depressed subjects compared to normal subjects regardless of types of pictures.However,fixation durations were longer in depressed subjects only when watching neutral pictures and more fixation numbers were found in depressed subjects when watching positive pictures. Importantly,average pupil size significantly correlates with the HAMD（Hamilton Depression Rating Scale） score that the HAMD score gets higher as average pupil size gets bigger.Conclusion These results demonstrate that depressed people have special characteristics of eye movements compared to normal people and particular aspect of eye movements even has potential power of predicting stages of depression.

关键词： eye movements fixation saccades pupil size major depression

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眼动技术在个体认知能力差异研究中的应用

心理学

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心理学 2021年第10期

作者：陆润豪张兴利施建农

本文从可能性和可行性两方面介绍和论述了眼动技术在个体认知能力差异研究中的应用。在可能性方面，个体眼动特征具有的良好的重测信度和内部一致性信度；在可行性方面，已有研究利用注视和眼跳相关指标、眼动轨迹和瞳孔直径这三类指标... 详细信息

本文从可能性和可行性两方面介绍和论述了眼动技术在个体认知能力差异研究中的应用。在可能性方面，个体眼动特征具有的良好的重测信度和内部一致性信度；在可行性方面，已有研究利用注视和眼跳相关指标、眼动轨迹和瞳孔直径这三类指标对该问题进行探索，结果均发现这些眼动特征与认知能力之间存在着密切关系。今后研究应继续深入探索两者关系的内在认知和神经机制，并尝试结合人工智能算法开发高信效度的眼动认知测验。

关键词：眼动眼动特征认知能力个体差异眼动轨迹瞳孔直径　　eye movement eye movement characteristics cognitive abilities individual differences scan patterns pupil size

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