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The Development of Wildlife Community Conservancies in Kenya: A Preliminary Review

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第3期9卷 250-256页

作者： WU Liang ZHANG Linxiu WANG Min KANGA Erustus DU Gong Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing 100029 China Kenya Wildlife Service Nairobi P.O. Box 40241-00100 Kenya Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100094 China

The significance of biodiversity conservation has transformed from a concern for conservation of endangered species and landscapes into an increasingly diverse yet comprehensive set of conservation, social and economic development goals. Community conservancy, a powerful extension of the PA system, has great potential to support biodiversity conservation, poverty eradication and conflict mitigation. Based on its policy environment and development characteristics, Kenya has implemented community conservation practices, and established over 160 conservancies across the country in the past decades. This paper reviews the development and experiences of community conservancies, discusses how they have been implemented in Kenya, and looks at the management paradigm, efficacy and challenges to help better understand the community conservancy approach. The development trajectory and lessons these conservancies have to offer can contribute to the sustainable utilization of natural resources and the enhancement of community wellbeing in Kenya and other countries alike.

关键词： protected area community conservancy human-nature conflict Kenya

Community livelihood and its dependence on nature resources under pressure of conservation

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2014年第1期12卷 80-87页

作者： Kui Cai Ziling Gong Center for Rural Development Studies Yunnan University Center for Western Yunnan Development Studies Ministry of Education and Yunnan University School of Resources Environment and Geo-ScienceYunnan University

Conflict between conservation and community livelihood is a significant issue in *** on Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),this study systematically analyzed livelihoods assets of a community in a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey conservation area and found that the livelihood pentagon of the community was shaped by multiple but frail and unstable income sources,abundant natural resources with restricted use right,underutilized labors,inadequate financial resources,inconvenient physical capital and weak social ***'income heavily depended on forest,and grazing and nontimber forest products(NTFP)collection are common and major income sources for ***,differentiation of income dependence on forest among villagers'groups showed that there is no close correlation between the level of income and the level of income dependence on ***'daily life also heavily depended on the forest due to heating and pig-feed cooking;hence,fuelwood cannot be easily replaced by any other energy resource for a long period.

关键词： community livelihood protected area resource dependence analysis Laojunshan National Park

No treeline shift despite climate change over the last 70 years

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 13-22页

作者： Mirela Beloiu Dimitris Poursanidis Antonis Tsakirakis Nektarios Chrysoulakis Samuel Hoffmann Petros Lymberakis Antonis Barnias David Kienle Carl Beierkuhnlein Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstraaße 3095447BayreuthGermany Remote Sensing Lab Institute of Applied and Computational MathematicsFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas100 N.Plastira Str.Vassilika VoutonHeraklion70013Greece Samaria National Park Management BodyOld National Road Chanion-KissamouAgioi ApostoloiChaniaCreteGreece Natural History Museum of Crete University of CreteKnossou Av.71409IrakleioCreteGreece GIB Department of Geography University of Bayreuth95447BayreuthGermany BayCEER Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research University of Bayreuth95448BayreuthGermany

Background:The recent rise in temperature and shifting precipitation regimes threaten ecosystems around the globe to different *** are expected to respond to climate warming by shifting to higher elevations,but it is unclear whether they can track temperature ***,we integrated high-resolution aerial imagery with local climatic and topographic characteristics to study the treeline dynamic from 1945 to 2015 on the semiarid Mediterranean island of Crete,***:During the study period,the mean annual temperature at the treeline increased by 0.81℃,while the average precipitation decreased by 170 *** treeline is characterized by a diffuse form,with trees growing on steep limestone slopes(>50°)and shallow ***,the treeline elevation decreases with increasing distance from the coast and with aspect(south>north).Yet,we found no shift in the treeline over the past 70 years,despite an increase in temperature in all four study ***,the treeline elevation correlated strongly with topographic exposure to wind(R^(2)=0.74,p<0.001).Therefore,the temporal lag in treeline response to warming could be explained by a combination of topographic and microclimatic factors,such as the absence of a shelter effect and a decrease in ***:Although there was no treeline shift over the last 70 years,climate change has already started shifting the treeline altitudinal ***,the lack of climate-mediated migration at the treeline should raise concerns about the threats posed by warming,such as drought damages,and wildfire,especially in the Mediterranean ***,conservation management should discuss options and needs to support adaptive management.

关键词： Aerial imagery protected area Continental island Mediterranean region High mountains Temperature Precipitation Climate change Forest dynamics

Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Abundance of Crocodylus suchus (Saint-Hilaire 1807) within the Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第12期12卷 788-803页

作者： Ilassa Ouedraogo Adama Oueda M. Emmanuel Hema Matthew H. Shirley B. Gustave Kabre Departement de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et écologie Animales Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche/Sciences Appliquées et Technologiques Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso Institute for the Environment Florida International University North Miami USA

In Burkina Faso, human activities are practiced in Nazinga Game Ranch (NGR) which is colonized by West African crocodiles Crocodylus suchus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1807) decades ago. This study which aims to estimate impact of anthropogenic activities on abundance of C. suchus has been conducted in NGR reservoirs. For data collection, C. suchus populations were counted morning, afternoon and night from October 2015 to May 2017 in 11 reservoirs. Binoculars were used for remote observations and spotlight was used by night. According to the size of the sites and its accessibility, direct observations were carried out on foot or by canoe. Every time we observed crocodiles, they were numbered and added information such as their size, their behavior, geographical coordinates and the type of habitat were collected. Human activities were noted after direct observations. The R software version 3.5.3 was used for data analysis. A total of 1849 crocodiles including hatchlings, juveniles, subadults and adults were counted in these 11 reservoirs of the NGR. They were more abundant in reservoirs than rivers with highest abundances in Akalon, Akwazena, Kalieboulou and Barka. Crocodile showed very high visibility at night their abundances showed important correlation with human activities and environmental factors such as roads, fishing, tourism, moon phases and “died crocodiles” and in NGR.

关键词： Crocodylus suchus Abundance Human Activities protected area Burkina Faso

CONSERVATION STATUS OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES OF NORTHEAST INDIA

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CONSERVATION STATUS OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES OF NORTHEAST INDIA

Forest-grassland biodiversity hotspot under siege:land conversion counteracts nature conservation

The Xixth Congress The International Primatological Society

作者： ArunSrivastava Primate Conservation Project Primate Heritage P.O. Box-40 Bikaner-334 001 India

＜正＞ The northeastern region of India also referred as "biogeographical gateway" is important ecologically because it represents the "transition zone" between Indian, Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese biogeo-graphical regions. Sandwiched between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal, this narrow strip or land serves as a corridor connecting the people, fauna and flora of the Indian subcontinent to tropical

关键词： Conservation Endangered species Habitat loss Hunting Primates protected area

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第6期2卷 1-12页

作者： Julia-Maria Hermann Marion Lang Juliana Gonçalves Heinrich Hasenack Technische Universitat München Freising85354 Germany Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre91501-970 Brazil

We report extent and rate of land use/land cover change in a forest-grassland mosaic of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil,during a recent period of increasing conflicts between native habitat protection and *** area is part of the Atlantic rain forest biome,a Global Biodiversity *** Landsat and Google Earth imagery,and calculating an effective conservation risk index(ECRI)as ratio of converted to remnant area,we specifically compared the effectiveness of designated fully protected areas(FP-PAs)and Sustainable Use areas(SU-PAs)in preventing conversion of native forest and grassland hab-itats for agri-and silviculture,relative to areas *** area decreased by 17%,corresponding to a net loss of 59,671 ha,in the entire *** gains exceeded losses,and ECRI was zero inside Full Protection ***-native tree plantation area increased by 94%over the entire study area;cropland increased by 7%.Conversion for silviculture predominated outside the designated PAs and conversion for agriculture predominated inside the designated *** was generally higher for grassland than forest,and in SU-PAs,grassland ECRI was several times higher than in areas without any protection *** developments are in stark contrast to the high standards of the Brazilian protected area system and corre-sponding International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources *** are due to protracted regularization of land conversion and establishment of designated protection ***-more,they reveal the dilemma of previously managed grasslands in strictly protected areas being eventually succeeded by forest,and the hazards of broad interpretation of the term“sustainable development”.

关键词： conservation risk protected area strict protection sustainable use temperate grasslands

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类型化视域下自然保护地立法的制度建构

经济法学、劳动法学 2021年第6期

作者：谢忠洲陈德敏

自然保护地在维持生态平衡，实现生态系统服务功能中可以发挥重要作用，但不同类型自然保护地的主导生态系统服务功能供给存在一定差异。《自然保护地法》立法工作须依赖理论上对自然保护地的类型化，并在此基础上建构对应型的规划建设... 详细信息

自然保护地在维持生态平衡，实现生态系统服务功能中可以发挥重要作用，但不同类型自然保护地的主导生态系统服务功能供给存在一定差异。《自然保护地法》立法工作须依赖理论上对自然保护地的类型化，并在此基础上建构对应型的规划建设、运营管理等方面的具体制度。因此，基于生态系统服务功能供给的空间差异，可以将当前相互重叠、缺乏体系的自然保护地划分为国家公园、自然保护区、自然公园、自然保护小区等四种类型，搭建“1部基础法律+4部类型化条例（或法律）”的自然保护地法律体系，并可以通过体系化公法、私法制度工具强化自然保护地的有效治理。

关键词：自然保护地生态系统服务功能法律体系管控分区保护性地役权 protected area ecosystem services legal system control zoning protective easements

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德国生物圈保护区发展经验及对中国的建议