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Multi-Objective Optimization of the Spatial Structure and Layout of the protected area Based on Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Yellow River's Headwaters Region in the Three-River-Source National Park

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2021年第3期9卷 57-77页

作者： LIU Menghao XI Jianchao Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The optimization of the spatial structure and layout is to determine an optimal and cost-effective land-use allocation plan for protected areas. The key goal is to maximizing the value of ecosystem services. This paper establishes a framework for optimizing the spatial structure and layout of the protected area based on ecosystem services. With the objective of maximizing the value of ecosystem services, it uses the CoMOLA(Constrained Multi-objective Optimization of Land-use Allocation) model for multi-objective optimization under the constraints of area and conversion rules. Taking the Yellow River’s headwaters region in the Three-River-Source(Sanjiangyuan) National Park as the study area, this paper uses the data of the year 2015 as a benchmark, and obtains the optimization results of the study area by 2035. The results show that the total value of ecosystem services of the Yellow River’s headwaters region after optimization will reach RMB 5.61 × 1010,with a total increase of RMB 43.84 × 10~8(8.47%). The land covers that contribute most to the value of ecosystem services are rivers, lakes and wetlands(51.55%), and grasslands(40.71%). Among the various types of ecosystem services, the value of provisioning services will increase by RMB 2.32 × 10~8, regulating services by RMB 35.23 × 10~8, supporting services by RMB 0.58 × 10~8,and cultural services by RMB 5.70 × 10~8. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the spatial optimization of protected areas and the management of national parks.

关键词： protected area ecosystem services spatial optimization the Three-River-Source National Park

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Analysis of Participatory Approach Applied in Creating a New protected area Anjozorobe Angavo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2014年第2期3卷 61-69页

作者： Marie Victoire Ravaoharisoa Rabevohitra Andreas Klaey Sylvain Ramananarivo Urs Wiesmann Department of Agro-management Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences University of Antananarivo Antananarivo 101 Madagascar CDE (Center for Development and Environment) University of Bern Bern CH-3012 Switzerland

The political will in compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity brings to the establishment of MSPA （Madagascar system of protected areas）. The aim is to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty and develop the country. Participation and involvement of local population in natural resources management, consultation with all sectors and responsibilization of regional and local authorities in protected areas management are all the basic principles of MSPA. The paper brought focus in the understanding of this participation of local actors （populations, local authorities） and in their interests to participate in the protected area management in Anjozorobe Angavo. The research has been conducted by doing investigations and meetings with local actors. A typology of participations had been done. It has been indeed noticed that the understanding was differentiated then motivations to participate were not always the environmental one. The populations＇ participation could be either by convenience, or for personal interest, or imposed participation, or conscious participation. But in order to reach the purpose of the protected areas sustainable management, the operator should admit that the participation in protected areas management is imposed naturally and should consider those differences in visions; at last, the approach should motivate local populations to participate consciously.

关键词： Participation local population protected area Anjozorobe Angavo natural resources management

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Shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 964-979页

作者： Babu R BHATTARAI Wendy WRIGHT Buddi S POUDEL Achyut ARYAL Bhupendra P YADAV Radha WAGLE Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation #860KathmanduNepal Faculty of Science and Technology Federation University AustraliaVictoriaAustralia Department of Forest Research and Survey #3339KthmanduNepal Institute of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Massey University#102904AucklandNew Zealand Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation #12476 KathmanduNepal

The modern history of protected area(PA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National Park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

关键词： protected area National Park Conservation Management Development history Nepal

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An evaluation of central Iran’s protected areas under different climate change scenarios (A Case on Markazi and Hamedan provinces)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 68-82页

作者： Peyman KARAMI Sahar REZAEI Shabnam SHADLOO Morteza NADERI Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment SciencesMalay er UniversityMalayer65719-95863HamedanIran Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment SciencesUniversity of GuilanSowmehsara419961-3778GuilanIran Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Natural SciencesArak UniversityArak 38156-8-8349Iran

Global climate change poses a new challenge for species and can even push some species toward an extinction vortex. The most affected organisms are those with narrow tolerance to the climatic factors but many large mammals such as ungulates with a wider ecological niche are also being affected indirectly. Our research mainly used wild sheep in central Iran as a model species to explore how the suitable habitats will change under different climatic scenarios and to determine if current borders of protected areas will adequately protect habitat requirements. To create habitat models we used animal-vehicle collision points as an input for species presence data. We ran habitat models using Max Ent modeling approach under different climatic scenarios of the past, present and future(under the climatic scenarios for minimum(RCP2.6) and maximum(RCP8.5) CO2 concentration trajectories). We tried to estimate the overlap and the width of the ecological niche using relevant metrics. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the protected areas, suitable maps were concerted to binary maps using True Skill Statistic(TSS) threshold and measured the similarity of the binary maps for each scenario using Kappa index. In order to assess the competence of the present protected areas boundary in covering the distribution of species, two different scenarios were employed, which are ensemble scenario 1: an ensemble of the binary maps of the species distribution in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP2.6;and ensemble scenario 2: an ensemble of binary suitability maps in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP8.5. Then, the borders of modeled habitats with the boundaries of 23 existing protected areas in two central provinces in Iran were compared. The predicted species distribution under scenario 1(RCP2.6) was mostly similar to its current distribution(Kappa = 0.53) while the output model under scenario 2(RCP8.5) indicated a decline in the species distribution range. Under the first ensemble scenario, curr

关键词： Climatic Scenarios Species Distribution Modeling protected area Niche modeling Wild Sheep

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Today’s protected areas:supporting a more sustainable future for humanity

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 603-616页

作者： Jeffrey A.MCNEELY Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section Cha-AmPetchburiThailand

Nature provides significant benefits to people,especially those living in and around protected *** services from protected areas include producing wild food,supporting biodiversity and water cycles,regulating climate,and providing cultural services like better health,tourism,and legacy for future *** economic terms,the flows of ecosystem services provided by protected areas are worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year,well justifying the costs of managing these sites,but protected areas are suffering from environmental problems such as impacts from human population growth,rural poverty,growing demands for natural resources,land use change that degrades ecosystem productivity,invasive non-native species that harm natural ecosystems,and climate change that is affecting all *** these linked challenges will require mobilizing all parts of the economy,including the protected area *** example,protected areas can take a leadership role in rural development,expand the conservation estate to half of the planet through connectivity and improved management of more of the non-agricultural land,enhance the prominent role of protected areas in contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation,encourage productive research on applying modern technology to protected areas management,seek broader private sector participation in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services,and include protected areas as relevant parties in relevant trade and other international *** protected area managers embrace this broader role,they will find enthusiastic public support for this contribution to a sustainable human society.

关键词： Aichi target climate change economic benefit ecosystem service landscape conservation protected area

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Consideration of climate change impacts will improve the efficiency of protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 181-193页

作者： Zijian Lu Liangxu Wang Nan Meng Xuhuan Dai Jingyi Zhu Yanzheng Yang Ruonan Li Jinfeng Ma Hua Zheng State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina

The protection of migratory birds and their habitats is important to the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).Currently protected areas(PAs)were designed in accordance with species distribution patterns under current climatic conditions,thus ignoring climate change will lead to a decrease in the protection efficiency of *** this study,using the flagship species Grus nigricollis,as an example,we used the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to simulate the distributions and conservation status of *** and optimized the existing PA *** results showed that(1)suitable habitat-for *** accounts for 12.48%of the QTP area,and the PAs established under current climatic conditions cover 17.84%of this suitable habitat area;(2)future climate changes will influence the distribution and quality of *** habitats,and the average protection efficiency of the current PAs in four climatic scenarios will decrease from 17.84%to 15.31%;and(3)through optimization,the efficiency of existing PAs can be increased by 0.75 times and reach 28.37%,indicating PA planning must consider not only current climate conditions but also the effects of climate *** results aim to address shortcomings in the conservation efficiency of PAs and provide an example for resolving mismatched PA boundaries and habitat changes for species.

关键词： Migratory bird protected area climate change grus nigricollis

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A journey towards shared governance: status and prospects for collaborative management in the protected areas of Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 599-605,602-605页

作者： A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid Donna Craig Sharif Ahmed Mukul Niaz Ahmed Khan Environmental Law School of Law University of Western SydneyAustralia Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet Bangladesh School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia Department of Development Studies University of DhakaBangladesh

Establishment of protected areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions：（1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CMC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.

关键词： protected area co-management Nishorgo IPAC govern-ance

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Recreation ecology research in China’s protected areas:progress and prospect

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 511-522,510页

作者： Linsheng Zhong Xiangju Zhang Jinyang Deng Chad Pierskalla Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Culture and Tourism Guizhou Normal CollegeGuiyangChina Department:School of Natural Resources West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA

As a type of tourist destination,protected areas(PAs)have been the focus of recreation ecology research since their *** contradiction between recreation and ecological protection of PAs in China is more prominent than in other countries because of China’s large population density and complex PA management ***,a review of related research is urgent for promoting sustainable tourism development of PAs in *** quantitative analysis with a literature review,this study analyzed the historical development process and current research topics of recreation ecology in China’s PAs,focusing on the impacts of tourism on the natural environment,environmental management of tourism,and the development of different types of sustainable tourism in ***,the research gaps are as follows:(1)studies on impact mechanism of tourism based on long-term monitoring are lacking;(2)the existence of numerous local communities in most of the PAs in China is usually ignored;(3)insufficient attention has been paid to the impacts of tourism infrastructure construction;(4)assessments of sustainable PA tourism are ***,this paper presents implications for future research and serves as a reference for PA tourism management in other countries.

关键词： Recreation ecology protected area China sustainable tourism

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Governance of protected areas: Kara Kara National Park, Victoria

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 147-155页

作者： GAO Yun XU Peng DAI Wen-bin WEN Xue-ru Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology School of Land and Food Department of Environmental Study and GeographyTasmania University

This study explains various modes that can be applied for protected area. It analyses the requirements for good governance of protected area. A study area(Kara Kara National Park) is selected for identifying key challenges for implementing good governance of protected area. The challenges of good governance of protected area were investigated in this paper. The last part is based on the results from the third section and explores the strategies for addressing these challenges.

关键词： protected area Implementation of challenges Legislative support Financing support Local communities Stakeholders

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The Extent and Effectiveness of protected areas in the Russian Federation

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2022年第2期5卷 75-84页

作者： Kseniia SERGEEVA Hui LIN School of Geography and Environment/UNESCO HIST-NB Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed research Ministry of Education Nanchang 330022China

To tackle environmental challenges and in particular,the problems associated with the high demand for forests and resources,the consequence of which is the degradation of ecological systems,Russia has developed the biggest network of specially protected natural areas in the *** the scale of SPNA may look impressive,a recent comprehensive study of the period from 2001 to 2018 brought the spotlight on protected areas in Russia experiencing significant tree loss *** Russia is confronting unprecedented fires that break records every year,the problem of preserving rare animal and plant species,their habitats,and natural ecosystems is *** paper is intended to assess the extent and effectiveness of SPNAs with regard to wilderness conservation in the Russian Federation based on the latest data;the main focus being on the period of 2014—2019,before and after the launch of the environmental safety strategies,along with additional analysis of available data for the following year of *** due consideration of unique geographical,economic,and socio-cultural circumstances,as well as historical background and legislative reality of SPNAs in Russia,we have conducted a statistical analysis of data from the official annual reports from the Federal State Statistics Service on SPNAs by territories and significance,expenditures on maintenance and ecotourism,followed by RGB analysis of satellite imagery via means of GIS software for visualization of obtained data and further *** the growth of the SPNA network in Russia,resulting in an astonishing 2402 Mha in 2020,an estimated 4 Mha of tree loss accounted for SPNAs over the period of 2014—2019,and 134 Mha in 2020 *** findings indicate a need for the application of a comprehensive GIS approach for further development and effective management of the SPNA network in ***,the results include recommendations on legislative changes,engagement of locals in SPNA protection,and po

关键词： GIS remote sensing protected area SPNA nature conservation deforestation tree loss

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