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Role of Estradiol, progestins, Insulines and Adipocytokines in Breast Cancer Promotion in Post-Menopausal Women

Journal of Cancer Therapy 2010年第1期1卷 43-47页

作者： Christian Jamin AFACS 169 Bd Haussmann Paris France

Estrogens and artificial progestins used in hormone replacement therapy increase breast cancer risk. This seems to bedue to a promoting and not initiating effect. A synergic effect of estradiol and hyperinsulinism has been shown. Insulinplays a role in the increase of breast cancer risk when associated with android obesity, sedentariness, type II diabetes,and high glycemic index food, alcohol and trans fatty acids intake. Natural menopause induces insulin resistance anddoes not induce a risk decrease. The role of insulin gives a new outlook on the influence of HRT in breast cancer promotion:estradiol alone, which improves insulin-sensitivity, does not increase breast cancer risk. Artificial progestinsassociated with estrogens increase the risk, whereas estrogens associated with progesterone do not. This could be dueto the fact that artificial progestins increase insulin resistance, whereas natural progesterone does not. Adipose tissue,which is an endocrine gland, is insulin dependant. Breast cancer and its seriousness are correlated to adipocytokincirculating levels such as resistin, leptin, interleukin 1, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and are inversely correlatedto the level of adiponectin. Insulin could play a synergic role with sexual steroids by a direct effect and by increasingadipose tissue secretions.

关键词： Breast Cancer Estrogens progestins Insulin Hormone Replacement Therapy Adipocytokin

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Would male hormonal contraceptives affect cardiovascular risk？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 145-148页

作者： Michael Zitzmann Center for Andrology and Reproductive Medicine University Clinics Muenster Muenster Germany

The aim of hormonal male contraception is to prevent unintended pregnancies by suppressing spermatogenesis. Hormonal male contraception is based on the principle that exogenous administration of androgens and other hormones such as progestins suppress circulating gonadotropin concentrations, decreasing testicular Leydig cell and Sertoli cell activity and spermatogenesis. In order to achieve more complete suppression of circulating gonadotropins and spermatogenesis, a progestin has been added testosterone to the most recent efficacy trials of hormonal male contraceptives. This review focusses on the potential effects of male hormonal contraceptives on cardiovascular risk factors, iipids and body composition, mainly in the target group of younger to middle-aged men. Present data suggest that hormonal male contraception can be reasonably regarded as safe in terms of cardiovascular risk. However, as all trials have been relatively short （〈 3 years）, a final statement regarding the cardiovascular safety of hormonal male contraception, especially in long-term use, cannot be made. Older men with at high risk of cardiovascular event might not be good candidates for hormonal male contraception. The potential adversSeffects of hormonal contraceptives on cardiovascular risk appear to depend greatly on the choice of the progestin in regimens for hormonal male contrai：eptives. In the development of prospective hormonal male contraception, data on longer-term cardiovascular safety will be essential.

关键词： cardiovascular risk male contraception progestins testosterone

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Review Venous Thromboembolism Risk with Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2018年第4期8卷 111-119页

作者： Kawtar Nassar Wafae Rachidi Saadia Janani Ouafa Mkinsi Department of Rheumatology Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center Medicine and Pharmacy University of Casablanca Casablanca Morocco

Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal diseases, predisposing the patient to an increased risk of fractures. It is an important health issue linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention and treatment strategies are now well defined and are always updating. Indeed, the therapeutic decision is based on the individual risk of fracture, efficiency and degree of therapeutic tolerance. However, some side effects, although rare can be attributed to drugs used. The benefit and risks of prescription drugs can be optimized by choosing the right time and the right treatment. The purpose of this article is the study of thromboembolic risk of various drugs recommended in osteoporosis. Furthermore we discuss preventive measures, and the different approaches after the first event.

关键词： Osteoporosis Venous Thrombosis Drugs Estrogens progestins

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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS WITH HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPORO...

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The Third International Congress on Osteoporosis

作者： Martina Dren King’s College Hospital Department of Obstetrics ＆ Gynecology

＜正＞A substantial number of postmenopausal women are estimated to have osteoporosis according to the WHO *** deficiency is one major risk factor for osteoporosis in women of all *** the decade following menopause most women experience more rapid and primarily cancellous bone loss than that predicted by aging *** trials demonstrate a positive impact of estrogen on bone density, considered to reflect fracture risk,in particular at the spine and *** greatest impact on bone mineral density is associated with daily doses of 2 mg estradiol,0.625 mg conjugated estrogens,and 1.25 mg *** estradiol 50μg administered by patch and tibolone 2.5 mg seem to be of similar effectiveness given the relatively small body of evidence according to a recent *** doses of these compounds have limited,but also measurable effects on bone mineral *** data for estradiol gel suggest a role for daily doses of 1-2 *** do at least not impair the action of estrogen, additional benefits cannot be *** calcium supplements,regarded as beneficial for bone health,allow for a regular dose reduction of the estrogen has not been adequately *** of observational studies suggest that ever use of estrogen replacement decreases the risk for hip fracture by 25 %.Most often estrogen replacement is initiated in the perimenopause given its potential to relief climacteric symptoms,which are most common in early ***,the optimal onset and desirable duration of hormone replacement therapy to prevent osteoporosis are currently *** studies suggest a benefit of estrogen therapy for bone mass independent of *** studies in elderly women are urgently needed to find the optimal time frame of estrogen therapy and its various modalities recognizing the generally low patients’ acceptance of the concept to use estrogen for many years to prevent a potential disease at old age not

关键词： androgens bisphosphonates bone mineral density calcium supplementation estrogen(hormone)replacement therapy fracture postmenopausal osteoporosis progestins selective estrogen receptor modulators vitamin D

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