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Pathogenesis of occult chronic hepatitis B virus infection

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1543-1548页

作者： Rocio Aller de la Fuente María L Gutiérrez Javier Garcia-Samaniego Conrado Fernández-Rodriguez Jose Luis Lledó Gregorio Castellano Gastroenterology Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid Institute of endocrinology and Nutrition Medical SchoolUniversity of Valladolid47003 ValladolidSpain Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAv Budapest-128922 AlcorcónMadridSpain Gastroenterology Department Hospital Carlos IIIc/Sinesio Delgado28029 MadridSpain Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Av de Andalucia 2804128039 MadridSpain

occult hepatitis B infection(OBI) is characterized by hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in serum in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) presenting HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc positive serological *** HBV status is associated in some cases with mutant viruses undetectable by HBsAg assays;but more frequently it is due to a strong suppression of viral replication and gene *** is an entity with world-wide *** failure to detect HBsAg,despite the persistence of the viral DNA,is due in most cases to the strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression that characterizes this"occult"HBV infection;although the mechanisms responsible for suppression of HBV are not well *** majority of OBI cases are secondary to overt HBV infection and represent a residual low viremia level suppressed by a strong immune response together with histological derangements which occurred during acute or chronic HBV *** evidence suggests that it can favour the progression of liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： occult hepatitis B virus infection Hepatitis B virus-DNA Anti-HBc alone Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviral hepatitis occult viral persistence primary occult infection Secondary occult infection Virus reactivation

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Persistent occult hepatitis B virus infection:Experimental findings and clinical implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5682-5686页

作者： Patricia M Mulrooney-Cousins Tomasz I Michalak Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Division of BioMedical Science Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences Centre Memorial University St. John's NL A1B 3V6 Canada

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes chronic liver diseases in millions of people globally. In addition to a symptomatic, serologically evident infection, occult persistent HBV carriage has been identified since nucleic acid amplification assays of enhanced sensitivity became introduced for detection of hepadnaviral genomes and their replicative intermediates. Current evidence indicates that occult HBV infection is a common and long-term consequence of resolution of acute hepatitis B. This form of residual infection is termed as secondary occult infection (SOI). The data from the woodchuck model of HBV infection indicate that exposure to small amounts of hepadnavirus can also cause primary occult infection (POI) where virus genome, but no serological makers of exposure to virus, are detectable, and the liver may not be involved. However, virus replicates at low levels in the lymphatic system in both these forms. We briefly summarize the current understanding of the nature and characteristics of occult hepadnaviral persistence as well as of its documented and expected pathological consequences.

关键词： Hepatitis B viWoodchuck hepatitis virus Hepadnaviruses Hepadnaviral hepatitis occult viral persistence Hepadnavirus lymphotropism primary occult infection Secondary occult infection Virus reactivation

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Asymptomatic Hepadnaviral Persistence and Its Consequences in the Woodchuck Model of occult Hepatitis B Virus infection

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第3期3卷 211-219页

作者： Patricia M.Mulrooney-Cousins Tomasz I.Michalak Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences Centre Memorial University St.John's NL Canada

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is molecularly and pathogenically closely related to hepatitis B virus (HBV).Both viruses display tropism towards hepatocytes and cells of the immune system and cause similar liver pathology,where acute hepatitis can progress to chronic hepatitis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Two forms of occult hepadnaviral persistence were identified in the woodchuck-WHV model:secondary occult infection (SOI) and primary occult infection (POI).SOI occurs after resolution of a serologically apparent infection with hepatitis or after subclinical serologically evident virus *** is caused by small amounts of virus and progresses without serological infection markers,but the virus genome and its replication are detectable in the immune system and with time in the *** can be accompanied by minimal hepatitis,while the hallmark of POI is normal liver ***,HCC develops in about 20% of animals with SOI or POI within 3 to 5 *** virus persists throughout the lifespan in both SOI and POI at serum levels rarely greater than 100 copies/mL,causes hepatitis and HCC when concentrated and administered to virus-na(i)ve *** is accompanied by virusspecific T and B cell immune responses,while only virusspecific T cells are detected in *** coincides with protection against reinfection,while POI does not and hepatitis develops after challenge with liver pathogenic doses >1000 *** SOI and POI are associated with virus DNA integration into the liver and the immune system ***,SOI and POI are two distinct forms of silent hepadnaviral persistence that share common ***,we review findings from the woodchuck model and discuss the relevant observations made in human occult HBV infection (OBI).

关键词： Hepatitis B occult hepatitis B virus infection Woodchuck model of hepatitis B Woodchuck hepatitis virus Secondary occult infection primary occult infection Consequences of occult hepadnaviral infection Hepatocellular carcinoma

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