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Effectiveness of preventive medicine education and its determinants among medical students in Malaysia

Frontiers of medicine 2016年第1期10卷 91-100页

作者： Shirin Anil Mohamed Shukry Zawahir Redhwan Ahmed A1-Naggar public Health Solutions Pakistan lslamabad 44000 Pakistan Department of Pharmacy University of Ruhuna Galle 70 Sri Lanka Faculty of medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia

preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, 340 （response rate 87.8%） gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale （low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement）. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 （SD 0.77） years, and 61.2% （n = 208） of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample （n = 78） had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% （n = 261） had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are ＂extremely important to learn.＂ In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant： aOR （adjusted odds ratio） for those who ＂agreed＂ 17.28 （95% CI aOR 4.44 - 67.26, P 〈 0.001） and for ＂strongly agreed＂ 35.87 （95% CI aOR 8.04 - 159.87, P 〈 0.001）. Considering these findings, the familiarity of medical st

关键词： preventive medicine medical school medical students

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How to Pool Medical Services in preventive medicine Unit at 01/01/18 of Orleans Metropole/Orleans City Hall Structure: A Multi Disciplinary Network

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2018年第1期6卷 17-21页

作者： Raphael Serreau City Hall Orleans Preventive Medicine Unit Orleans France

To reform the unit of preventive medicine in Orleans metropole, the Director of the Administration decided to co-sign an agreement to optimize the organization of a common preventive medicine service: we made a deliberation model to permit for others towns which wanted to join us. The cost evaluated to reach the service was the cost for medical examination, regardless of the professional which included staff costs and operating costs (social benefits, costs of supplies and materials, training costs). A statement of the tasks performed for the beneficiary community was kept daily by the SMP. A strong will of the Metropolis and municipalities is to develop a synergy around health and safety at work. A joint Metropolis of Orleans, an organization chart since 1/2/2016 integrates the preventive medicine service within a Quality of Life at Work service: a multi-disciplinary service composed of prevention specialists, social workers, responsible for social action and SMP, a Department of preventive medicine was developed and itself multidisciplinary in accordance with the law of July 20, 2011: including doctors, nurses, psychologists, sophrologist, and a dietician. A new and active network of health is now operant with specialist correspondents. An audit is programmed in April 2018 to assess the efficacy of this network.

关键词： Occupational medicine preventive medicine Cost Efficiency Analysis Multidisciplinary Network

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Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Blood Pressure:Evidence from a Large Chinese Multiple Follow-Up Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 38-49页

作者： JIANGTULU Bahabaike LAN Chang Xin CHEN Jun Xi CHEN Xi WANG Bin XUE Tao Institute of Reproductive and Child Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of ambient PM_(2.5)exposure with blood pressure(BP)at the population level in China.Methods A total of 14,080 participants who had at least two valid blood pressure records were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey during 2011–2015.Their long-term PM_(2.5)exposure was assessed at the geographical level,on the basis of a regular 0.1°×0.1°grid over China.A mixed-effects regression model was used to assess associations.Results Each decrease of 10μg/m^(3)in the 1 year-mean PM_(2.5)concentration(FPM1Y)was associated with a decrease of 1.24[95%confidence interval(CI):0.84–1.64]mmHg systolic BP(SBP)and 0.50(95%CI:0.25–0.75)mmHg diastolic BP(DBP),respectively.A robust association was observed between the long-term decrease in PM_(2.5)and decreased BP in the middle-aged and older population.Using a generalized additive mixed model,we further found that SBP increased nonlinearly overall with FPM1Y but in an approximately linear range when the FPM1Y concentration was<70μg/m^(3);In contrast,DBP increased approximately linearly without a clear threshold.Conclusion Efficient control of PM_(2.5)air pollution may promote vascular health in China.Our study provides robust scientific support for making the related air pollution control policies.

关键词： Fine particulate matter PM_(2.5) Blood pressure Risk assessment preventive medicine

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Chinese medicine Pattern Differentiation and Its Implications for Clinical Practice

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2011年第11期17卷 818-823页

作者： Arthur Sá Ferreira Agnaldo José Lopes Laboratory of Computational Modeling and Simulation in Rehabilitation Program of Rehabilitation Science Augusto Motta University Laboratory of Cardiopulmonar Analysis Rehabilitation Science Postgraduation Program Augusto Motta University Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology State University of Rio de Janeiro

Chinese medicine practitioners apply the differentiation reasoning for decision-making. The wide scope of Chinese medicine intervention provides coverage of methods and techniques with applications to primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. The rapid evolution of mathematical and computational techniques allowed the implementation of several models for pattern differentiation that were tested for several physiologic systems. Concurrently, it is argued that pattern differentiation might improve the efficacy of either traditional or conventional medical interventions. This article reviewed the influence of pattern differentiation into clinical practice organized by medical field： general pattern differentiation; genitourinary （recurrent cystitis）; cardiovascular （coronary heart disease; arterial hypertension; angina pectoris）; neurology （stroke）; surgery; metabolic （diabetes mellitus）; hepatic （cirrhosis）; gastrointestinal （chronic superficial gastritis）; orthopedic （low back pain; rheumatoid arthritis; cervical spondylosis; elbow arthritis）; oncology （gastric mucosal dysplasia; lung cancer）; gynecologic and obstetric manifestations （nausea and vomiting）. The reviewed studies presented achievements that have contributed to the integration of Chinese medicine and evidence-based medicine in the treatment of many mild and severe diseases. Target diseases considered as major public health problems were also investigated and the results are promising regarding the possibility to treat guided by pattern differentiation.

关键词： Chinese medicine-syndrome differentiation Chinese medicine preventive medicine rehabilitation ＂health care delivery＂

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Role of flaxseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)in disease prevention and treatment

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第7期13卷 277-286页

作者： C Manimurugan M.Sujatha A.L.Rathnakumar M Sandhanalakshmi Anand A.Zanwar ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research RajendranagarHyderabad-500030India Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute Chengalpattu-603001India Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to be University)Pune-411043India

Seeds of flax or linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)are important nutraceutical foods with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,estrogenic,laxative,and antibacterial properties.Flaxseed oil and seeds are the richest vegetarian source of omega-3 fatty acids.Consumption of flaxseeds helps in prevention and control of cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disorders,obesity,diabetes mellitus,polycystic ovary syndrome,gout,liver and kidney dysfunction,oxidative stress-related diseases,post-menopausal symptoms,osteoporosis,irritable bowel syndrome,dry eye disease,cystic fibrosis,diarrhea,and cancer,particularly of the mammary and prostate gland cancer.Of late,flaxseed is gaining more importance not only because of its industrial values but also due to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties.The literature review was performed using PubMed,Scopus,PubMed Central,Google Scholar,and Web of Science from 1995 onwards.Data was also obtained from websites/books/book chapters.

关键词： Flaxseed Linum usitatissimum Omega-3 fatty acid preventive medicine Nutraceutical foods

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Attitude toward preventive counseling and healthy practices among medical students at a Colombian university

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Frontiers of medicine 2015年第2期9卷 251-259页

作者： Luz Helena Alba Nora Badoui Fabian Gil Department of preventive and Social medicine Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogota Colombia Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogota Colombia

Unhealthy behaviors of medical students influence their attitudes toward preventive counseling. The burden of chronic diseases is continually growing in developing countries, emphasizing the need for the increased role of general practitioners in preventive counseling. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of medical training on the risk profiles and attitudes of medical students toward preventive counseling in a Colombian university. Students in their first and fifth years of training were surveyed using the ＂Healthy Doctor = Healthy Patient＂ questionnaire to assess counseling attitudes; personal practices, such as risky drinking, smoking, inadequate nutrition, and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations; and the university environment. The association among these components was estimated, as well as the effect of the university environment. Risky drinking and smoking decreased from first to fifth year （59.3% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.021 and 31.5~ vs. 25.9%, P = 0.51, respectively）, whereas inadequate nutrition and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations increased. Physical activity （PA） was associated with positive counseling attitude （ORs： nutrition 7.6; alcohol 5.2; PA 10.6）. Areas governed by institutional policies that are emphasized in the curriculum positively affected student practices. PA promoted preventive counseling and healthy lifestyles most effectively. Universities should therefore strengthen their preventive medicine curricula and modify social determinants.

关键词： lifestyle medical students preventive medicine counseling universities schools medical

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Chinese herbal medicines for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2020年第5期18卷 369-384页

作者： Mu-yan Kong Le-yan Li Yan-mei Lou Hong-yu Chi Jin-jun Wu Joint Laboratoiy for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.International Institute for Translational Chinese medicine.Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine Guangzhou 510006Guangdong ProvinceChina

Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Herbal medicine preventive medicine medicine Chinese traditional Molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action Epigenesis genetic

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Foodborne parasitic diseases in China:A scoping review on current situation,epidemiological trends,prevention and control

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2021年第9期14卷 385-400页

作者： Langui Song Qingxing Xie Zhiyue Lv The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases the First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Sun Yat-sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina

Objective:Foodborne parasitic diseases,although with a declining overall incidence rate,are still endangering local public safety.This review aims to describe the current situation and epidemiological trends of foodborne parasitic diseases in China in order to explore possible reasons contributors to its high prevalence in some areas,and propose strategies for prevention and control accordingly.Methods:A scoping review was conducted by searching Pub Med,CNKI,Wanfang,CQVIP,Embase,and the Cochrane Library using search formula"foodborne parasitic diseases(or foodborne parasites)"AND"China".Studies on foodborne parasitic diseases in China were considered,but only articles in English or Chinese published between January 1980 and June 2020 were retrieved.Included studies were screened according to the eligibility criteria:1)diseases consistent with the WHO definition of foodborne parasitic diseases;2)the food carriers were included in the WHO food classification;3)data related to epidemiology,pathogenicity,and prevention and control;4)Foodborne parasitic diseases cases or outbreaks in China.Results:A total of 111 out of 665 records were included and summarized.The prevalence of clonorchiasis,angiostrongyliasis,echinococcosis,trichinellosis and cysticercosis was still increasing although the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes has substantially decreased in recent years.Diverse eating habits,close contact with animals,and urbanization were contributing factors to the increase.Conclusions:Foodborne parasitic diseases remain an important public health issue in China with the progress of economic globalization and food diversification.We should manage to raise public awareness about the prevention and control of foodborne parasitic diseases,improve health and safety inspections,as well as public health practice.

关键词： Foodborne diseases Parasitic diseases China preventive medicine

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Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Lebanon

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2020年第12期8卷 178-210页

作者： Ale J. Hejase Hussin Jose Hejase Hana A. Nemer Charifa A. Hejase Mohamad-Ali M. Trad Lebanese American University AKSOB Beirut Lebanon Al Maaref University Beirut Lebanon Colorectal Cancer Awareness Association Beirut Lebanon Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University Michigan USA College of Health and medicine University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia

The continuous awareness campaigns about Colorectal Cancer (CRC) directed towards the Lebanese population in order to foster preventive medicine are on the rise. The impact has been positive and reported in previous research, although the number of victims is still high. This paper aims to perform a recent cross-sectional study of Lebanese residents’ CRC awareness by comparing the findings of two studies carried out in the years 2016 and 2018. The samples of the current study include 1140 (2016) and 993 (2018) participants who completed a simple structured questionnaire directed to assess their knowledge of colon cancer and the behavioral intentions of obtaining CRC screening. Upon comparing results, the percentage of those who know about CRC has increased significantly from 40.4% in 2016 to 78.7% in 2018, the proportion of respondents who believed that family history is the major risk factor for CRC did increase significantly from 47.7% in 2016 to 90.8% in 2018. Likewise, the proportions of respondents who believed that overweight, age, and stress are among the major risk factors for CRC increased from 26.9%, 26.7% and 11.3% in 2016 to 86.2%, 52.1% and 21.51% in 2018, respectively. On the other hand, the proportions for the risk factors related to alcohol and smoking have dropped from 37.7% and 37.3% to 27.4% and 24.2%, respectively. Moreover, the most important source of information for CRC was friends (18.4% in 2016 versus 73.8% in 2018), followed by family (18.7% in 2016 versus 56.7% in 2018), and then physicians (18.9% in 2016 and 40.2% in 2018). In fact, the efforts of the non-governmental organization (NGO) SAID (118 different major activities in the span of 3 years) did make a significant difference in what relates to CRC awareness among the Lebanese population. These findings are used to encourage and support other NGOs to adopt targeted new awareness campaigns which have proven successful, and to present evidence based on facts to government officials in the Ministry of Health to support and possibly sp

关键词： Colorectal Cancer Awareness Cross-Sectional Study preventive medicine Lebanon

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《周易》古经豫卦本义为“备预”考

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中国哲学 2022年第10期

作者：李尚信

豫卦之豫，多被释为“和乐”之意。然综观豫卦卦爻辞，豫应解为备豫(亦作备预)，即凡事事先要有所预备。豫卦卦象“顺以动”即顺道而动，要做到顺道而动，就要事事时时有预见性，要备预、预防、防患。卦辞是以建侯行师作为典型事例来说... 详细信息

豫卦之豫，多被释为“和乐”之意。然综观豫卦卦爻辞，豫应解为备豫(亦作备预)，即凡事事先要有所预备。豫卦卦象“顺以动”即顺道而动，要做到顺道而动，就要事事时时有预见性，要备预、预防、防患。卦辞是以建侯行师作为典型事例来说明备预与防患的重要性，而《大象传》的取象、取义既与古经有别，又非全无联系。初六爻“鸣豫”最难解，试释为有名无实的备预和防患。谦卦两个“鸣谦”与豫卦“鸣豫”之吉凶相反，当缘于重内、重外之不同。六二爻讲备预、防患的关键在于知几，一些传统解释将“介于石”释为一种德行操守，存在以德代智的局限。六三爻有几种可能的释读，难点在于“盱”字。不能自始至终地坚持备预、防患会有悔，备预、防患迟缓或不及时亦有悔，这也许是相对最自洽的释读。九四爻讲备预、防患之大成，颐卦“由颐”与此类似，亦是讲颐养之大成。六五爻讲疗治疾病当以预防为先，说明在《周易》古经形成之前已有预防医学。上六爻讲备预、防患一刻也不能停止，这是走向成功的保证，中间即使情况有变化，也不会有过咎。升卦上六“冥升”与本爻“冥豫”有相近处，一指事上升之深远，一指人备预之深远。上六爻辞与其《小象传》，一从理想状态而言，一从现实状态而言，表述角度并不一致，吉凶亦有别。

关键词：《周易》古经豫卦备预预防医学 ancient text of the Yijing the Yu hexagram [preventive medicine

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