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In search of the Chinese self:An fMRI study

Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第1期49卷 89-96页

作者： ZHANG Li1,4, ZHOU Tiangang2, ZHANG Jian1, LIU Zuxiang1,2, FAN Jin3 & ZHU Ying11. Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA 4. Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China Department of Psychology Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Psychology Capital Normal University Beijing 100089 China Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Psychology Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Psychology Peking University Beijing 100871 China Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science Graduate School and Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Laboratory of Neuroimaging Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine NY 10029 USA

Cultural influences on the concept of self is a very important topic for social cognitive neuroscientific exploration, as yet, little if anything is known about this topic at the neural level. The present study investigates this problem by looking at the Chinese culture’s influence on the concept of self, in which the self includes mother. In Western cultures, self-referential processing leads to a memory performance advantage over other forms of semantic processing including mother-referential, other-referential and general semantic processing, and an advantage that is potentially localizable to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). In Chinese culture, however, the behavioral study showed that mother-referential processing was comparable with self-referential processing in both memory per-formance and autonoetic awareness. The present study attempts to address whether similar neural correlates (e.g. MPFC) are acting to facilitate both types of referencing. Participants judged trait ad-jectives under three reference conditions of self, other and semantic processing in Experiment I, and a mother-reference condition replaced the other-reference condition in Experiment II. The results showed that when compared to other, self-referential processing yielded activations of MPFC and cingulate areas. However, when compared to mother, the activation of MPFC disappeared in self-referential processing, which suggests that mother and self may have a common brain region in the MPFC and that the Chinese idea of self includes mother.

关键词： self-reference, mother-reference, interdependent self, medial prefrontal cortex.

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Altered Neurogranin Phosphorylation and Protein Levels Are Associated with Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats Following Forced Swim Stress

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第11期4卷 506-522页

作者： Huanhuan Li Wenjuan Lin Junfa Li Weiwen Wang Brain-Behavior Research Center Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Psychology Renmin University of China Beijing China Department of Neurobiology Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing China

Here we tested the hypothesis that stress-induced alterations in Neurogranin (Ng) synthesis and/ or utilization might underlie stress-related depression and anxiety. Rats were randomly divided into five conditions: chronic swim stress (CS), acute swim stress (AS), and three control groups. The CS group was exposed to daily swim stress (5 min/day) for 14 consecutive days, the AS group received a single swim stress, and control groups were maintained in a stress-free condition. Both before and after swim stress, rats were tested for body weight gain, open-field locomotor activity, and saccharine preference. Ng and phospho-Ng (P-Ng) levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined by Western blot analysis. Compared to controls, CS animals displayed significantly decreased body weight gain, ambulation, and saccharine intake, and increased grooming behavior. CS animals had decreased Ng levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In CS animals, Ng levels were positively correlated with saccharine intake and ambulation, and inversely correlated with grooming behavior. Compared to controls, AS increased immobility behavior and P-Ng and Ng levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In AS animals, immobility behavior was positively correlated with the P-Ng in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, CS and AS produced opposing effects on Ng and P-Ng levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Low Ng levels in the hippocampus were associated with anhedonic behavior in CS animals, whereas high P-Ng levels in the prefrontal cortex were associated with anxiety-like behavior in AS animals. Thus, Ng dysfunction might contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression and anxiety.

关键词： Stress Neurogranin Hippocampus prefrontal Cortex Anxiety Depression Rats

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Electrocortical and Hemodynamic Changes within the Brain during Incremental Bicycle Exercise in Normoxia and Hypoxiam--A Combined EEG/NIRS Study

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第3期3卷 105-116页

作者： Vera Abeln Stefan Schneider Axel Knicker Thorsten Schiffer Wildor Hollmann Heiko Klaus Striider Institute of Movement and Neurosciences German Sport University Cologne 50933 Germany Faculty of Science Health Education and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland 4558 Australia Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation German Sport University Cologne 50933 Germany Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Am Sportpark Miingersdorf 6 50933 CologneGermany

The correlation of NIRS （near-infrared spectroscopy） and EEG （electro-cortical activity） in exercise studies has never been shown. Eight sport students performed an incremental bicycle exercise test under normoxic and hypoxic （12.7% 02） conditions respectively. EEG and NIRS recordings of the prefrontal cortex （PFC, Brodmarm area 10.46） were performed synchronously to shed light on their correlation. ANOVA revealed a higher absolute workload （231.3 ＋ 37.2 W）, and relative PFC oxygenation under normoxic conditions, whereas hypoxic conditions resulted in earlier exhaustion （200 ~ 26.7 W） and reduced PFC oxygenation. NIRS parameters increased remarkably with exercise intensity （P 〈 0.001） and differed between conditions （O2Hb： P 〈 0.001; HHb： P = 0.023; tHb： P = 0.016） and hemispheres （O2Hb： P = 0.023）. For EEG, higher prefrontal cortical current density during compared to pre and post exercise was revealed for both conditions （P 〈 0.001）. No difference between conditions and hemispheres were found. In conclusion, brain cortical activity is not impaired by hypoxia. No correlation between NIRS and EEG, but a moderate correlation between EEG and cardio-vascular parameters and a moderate to high correlation between NIRS and cardio-vascular parameters were found. The results emphasize that the transfer of EEG and NIRS results need to be done with caution.

关键词： Cerebral oxygenation central fatigue cortical current density prefrontal cortex

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S5B-4 Parvalbumin-Expressing Cells Network Plasticity and Fear Extinction

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神经药理学报 2018年第4期8卷 85-87页

作者： GAO Tian-ming Institutes of Mental Health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina

Learning to fear threats in the environment is highly ***,this form of learning can also lead to pathological fear memories that fuel disorders of fear and anxiety,such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in *** evidence suggests that the ventral medial prefrontal cortex(vmPFC)is involved in fear retrieval and fear ***,no studies have as yet addressed the network plasticity in fear ***,we studied the role of PV network plasticity in the extinction of cued fear memory and the underlying molecular *** is composed of prelimbic cortex(PL)and infrelimbic cortex(IL).We found that fear extinction induced a low PV-network configuration(low PV and GAD67 expression)in IL cortex but not PL *** characterize the molecular mechanisms that underlie PV network plasticity in fear extinction,we analyzed an amount of molecules that are known to regulate GABAergic neuronal development and found that fear extinction induced an increased expression of *** would ask whether NRG1 regulates fear *** found that neutralizing endogenous NRG1,inhibition,or genetic deletion of ErbB4,the functional receptor of NRG1,in the IL cortex impaired fear extinction,whereas local infusion of exogenous NRG1 in this region enhanced fear *** ablation of ErbB4 in PV positive neurons impaired fear ***,overexpression of ErbB4 in the IL cortex is sufficient to reverse impaired fear extinction in PV-Cre;ErbB4-/-***,these results demonstrated that NRG1 facilitated fear extinction through ErbB4 receptors on PV ***,we investigated the role of NRG1 signaling in modulating PV-network *** found that NRG1 induced a low PV-network configuration in IL *** contrast,administration of ecto-ErbB4 to neutralize endogenous NRG1 induced a high PV-network configuration,suggesting an involvement of NRG1 signaling in regulating PV-network ***

关键词： ventral medial prefrontal cortex(vmPFC) post-traumatic stress disorder

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Perceived happiness level influences evocation of positive emotions

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Natural Science 2011年第8期3卷 723-727页

作者： Masahiro Matsunaga Hiroki Murakami Kaori Yamakawa Tokiko Isowa Seisuke Fukuyama Jun Shinoda Jitsuhiro Yamada Hideki Ohira Division of Cerebral Integration Department of Cerebral Research National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi Japan

Happiness is a positive feeling characterized by satisfaction, joy, pleasure, or love. Perceived happiness level is likely associated with health and well-being. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of happiness on psychological and physiological wellness remain obscure. In this study, we found that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was strongly activated and positive emotions were strongly evoked in individuals with high perceived happiness levels compared to those with low perceived happiness levels when either looked at a favorite person. Moreover, positive mood changes were positively correlated with MPFC activity. These results show that perceived happiness level is associated with positive emotion evocation by means of the MPFC function, which may be involved in psychological and physiological wellness. Therefore, happiness may play an important role in psychological and physiological wellness.

关键词： Happiness Medial prefrontal Cortex Attraction Positron Emission Tomography

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Psychology of Craving

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第2期3卷 120-125页

作者： Sushil Sharma Bal Nepal Carolyn S. Moon Anthony Chabenne Azza Khogali Comfort Ojo Esther Hong Rochelle Gaudet Ali Sayed-Ahmad Amanda Jacob Mujtaba Murtuza Michelle Firlit Saint James School of Medicine Anguilla Sub-Campus Bonaire The Netherlands School of Public Health University of Texas Health Sciences at Houston Houston USA

Craving is a complex psychological condition characterized by impaired dietary intake, sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, and drug abuse. Craving may be associated with risk-taking reckless behavior to seek pleasure including cigarette smoking, binge alcohol drinking, and illicit drug abuse (e.g. cocaine, methamphetamine, methylene deoxy meth-amphetamine (MDMA), ecstasy, morphine and heroine). Craving for food, sex and drugs involves the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. Thus, basic understanding of craving is exceedingly important for the better clinical management of major depression, hopelessness, and poor quality of life among young adolescents, as well as morbidity and early mortality among adults. Physical, psychological, nutritional, and medical rehabilitation may be helpful in the effective clinical management of patients with craving of any age, sex and race. Further studies on the psychology of craving will curb the number of hospital admissions as several victims of drug craving develop schizophrenia later in their life, if they remain untreated.

关键词： Craving Drug Seeking Behavior Limbic System prefrontal Cortex Schizophrenia Morbidity Mortality Drug Addiction Psychotherapy Physical and Nutritional Rehabilitation Charnoly Body

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The Potential of Cerebrolysin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第7期5卷 691-704页

作者： Gonzalo Flores Marco Atzori Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí Mexico Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla México

Schizophrenia and psychosis are psychiatric condition whose neural mechanisms are yet incompletely known, and for which pharmacological treatment is too often ineffective in a growing clinical cohort. Recently, dendritic morphological changes in arborization and dendritic spine density in limbic regions has been reported in postmortem tissue from schizophrenic patients and in animal models of schizophrenia, suggesting that the use of medication improving synaptogenesis may be beneficial as additional treatment of psychotic patients. Cerebrolysin (Cbl) is a drug available for clinical with active neuropeptides fragments that mimics the action of endogenous neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, GDNF, CNTF and NGF, which improves the integrity of the neuronal circuits as well as cognitive and behavioral performance by exerting a neuroprotective effect and promoting the generation of new functional synapses. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that Cbl ameliorates synaptic and dendritic pathology in animal models of schizophrenia by increasing synaptic density and restoring neuronal cytoarchitecture. This neuroprotective effect improves the integrity of the neuronal circuits and improves cognitive and behavioral performance. Importantly, Cbl treatment seems to be safe when used in combination with neuroleptics such as risperidone. The present article analyzes the potential of Cbl in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disease, and reviews the current literature on the effects of Cbl in in vivo animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia.

关键词： Cerebrolysin Neurotrophic Factors Schizophrenia prefrontal Cortex Hippocampus Amygdala

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Gender Differences in Neural Mechanisms Underlying Moral Judgment of Disgust: A Functional MRI Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第5期4卷 214-222页

作者： Juan Yang Lili Guan Mingming Qi Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality Ministry of Education Southwest University Chongqing China

Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.

关键词： Gender Differences Moral Judgment Disgusting Dorsal Medial prefrontal Cortex

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Dendritic and spine alterations in areas 9 and 17 in schizophrenia and Huntington chorea and the role of neuroleptic exposure

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第3期2卷 243-248页

作者： Latchman Somenarain Liesl B. Jones Department of Biological Sciences Lehman College New York USA Department of Biology/MLT Bronx Community College New York USA

Recent morphological studies in schizophrenia suggest atrophic changes in the neuropil of the prefrontal cortex. Most recently, we showed a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in schizophrenia, which we believed is not due to neuroleptic exposure. MAP2 is a very important protein in the assembly of micro-tubule in neurons;therefore, it plays a major role in neuronal processes like dendrites, spines and synapses. Additionally, recent studies from our lab showed decreases in dendrites in area 32 and area 9. In this study we examined the dendrites and spines in area 9 and 17 to determine if neuroleptic drugs play a role. Huntington’s patients take neuroleptics similar to schizophrenics;therefore, by comparing the two groups to controls we can determine if neuroleptics play a role in the deficits reported in schizophrenia. Our results showed a significant decrease in both basal dendrites and spines for both layers III and V in area 9 in schizophrenia compared to controls. The Huntington’s brains, on the other hand, showed no significant difference compared to controls. In area 17, there was also no significant difference when comparing the three groups. The data suggest that neuroleptic drugs may not be responsible for the changes observed in schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia Huntington Neuroleptic Spines Dendrites Pyramidal Cells prefrontal Cortex Area 9 and Area 17

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Neural Activation by Milnacipran and Memory Extinction

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 141-145页

作者： Hisahito Ishida Masaaki Iwata Yukihiko Shirayama Katsumasa Muneoka Department of Anatomy I Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Tottori Japan Department of Psychiatry Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center Chiba Japan

Background: Among neurotransmitter influencing memory formation, the noradrenergic system has been recognized as an important system. Memory formation involves various regions including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and septum. Method: We investigated the effects of milnacipran on passive avoidance task and evaluated Fos counting in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, septum, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Results: The milnacipran-treated rats (20 mg/kg, 4 days) showed a significant decrease in the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the infralimbic portion of prefrontal cortex, the shell portion of nucleus accumbens and the CA1 region of hippocampus, but a significant increase in the Fos counts in the lateral septum with no changes in the Fos counts in the striatum and amygdala. The milnacipran-treated rats showed amelioration in memory extinction (although not statistically significant), but not in memory acquisition and consolidation in the passive avoidance test. Conclusion: The differential activation of the brain regions might be possible sites for ameliorating memory extinction as well as antidepressant effects.

关键词： Milnacipran Passive Avoidance Task prefrontal Cortex Nucleus Accumbens Hippocampus Septum

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