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Lesions of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus reverse abnormal firing of the medial prefrontal cortex neurons in parkinsonian rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1635-1642页

作者： Ling-Ling Fan Bo Deng Jun-Bao Yan Zhi-Hong Hu Ai-Hong Ren Dong-Wei Yang Department of Physiology Medical College Henan University of Science and Technology

The dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with affective disorders and non-motor features in Parkinson’s ***,the exact role of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the function of the prefrontal cortex remains *** study the possible effects of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus on the neurological function of the medial prefrontal cortex,a model of Parkinson’s disease was established by injecting 8μg 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra compacta of *** 1 or 3 weeks,0.3μg ibotenic acid was injected into the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the *** 3 or 5 weeks after the initial injury,neuronal discharge in medial prefrontal cortex of rat brain was determined *** numbers of dopamine-positive neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in substantia nigra compacta and ventral tegmental area were detected by immunohistochemical *** demonstrated that after injury,the immunoreactivity of dopamine neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase decreased in the substantia nigra compacta and ventral tegmental areas of *** with normal medial prefrontal cortical neurons,at 3 and 5 weeks after substantia nigra compacta injury,the discharge frequency of pyramidal neurons increased and the discharge pattern of these neurons tended to be a burst-discharge,with an increased discharge *** discharge frequency of interneurons decreased and the discharge pattern also tended to be a burst-discharge,but the discharge interval was only higher at 3 *** 3 weeks after the combined lesions,the discharge frequency,discharge pattern and discharge interval were restored to a normal level in pyramidal neurons and interneurons in medial prefrontal *** findings have confirmed that mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is involved in regulating neuronal activities of the medial prefrontal *** changes in the function of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus may be associated with the abnorma

关键词： nerve regeneration Parkinson's disease mediodorsal thalamic nucleus medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons interneurons discharge neural regeneration

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Schizophrenia-associated MicroRNA–Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral prefrontal Cortex

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 623-634页

作者： Danielle M.Santarelli Adam P.Carroll Heath M.Cairns Paul A.Tooney Murray J.Cairns School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSW 2305Australia

Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA(miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex(BA 46)(n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples)was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene–miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene–miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92 a, miR-495,and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11 A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that mi RNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia MicroRNA Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Network Neuropathology

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Role of prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens glutamatergic projection in heroin reward and motivation

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2018年第9期32卷 725-726页

作者： ZHU Hua-qiang LAI Miao-jun XU Wen-jin ZHUANG Ding-ding FU Dan HONG Qing-xiao LIU Hui-fen ZHOU Wen-hua Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo 315010 China

OBJECTIVE Glutamatergic projections from prefrontal cortex(PFc) to nucleus accumbens(NAc) regulate the dopamine(DA) release in ***,it is not clear whether this circuit is effective for the reward and motivation of heroin *** study investigates the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3(mGluR2/3) and the projections from ventromedial prefrontal cortex(vmPFc) to the NAc shell on the reward and motivation of heroin-addicted *** First,rats were trained to selfadministration for 14 *** the 15 thday,parts of rats were injected with mGluR 2/3 agonist LY379268(0.1,0.3 and 1.0 mg·kg-1,ip) systematically and another parts of rats were bilaterally microinjected with LY379268(0.3 and 1.0 g·L^(-1))at the volume of 0.5 μL into the ventral tegmental area(VTA),NAc core or NAc shell,*** rats were followed by heroin self-administration testing under fixed ratio 1(FR1) schedule or progressed ratio(PR) schedule to observe the effect of LY379268 on the heroin reward or ***,rats were injected chemogenetic glutamatergic virus(pAAV-CaMKIIa-hM3 D(Gq)-mCherry or pAOV-CaMKIIa-hM4 D(Gi)-mCherry-3 Flag) or negative control virus in vmPFc,and trained to heroin self-administration for 14 *** the 15 thday,rats were bilateral y microinjected with clozapine-N-oxide(CNO,1 mmol·L^(-1),0.5 μL) into NAc shell and tested the effect on the heroin reward or ***,rats were injected optogenetical glutamatergic virus(AAV2/9-CaM KⅡ-hChR2-EYFP) or negative control virus in vmPFc,implanted 16 channel photoelectrode in ipsilateral NAc shell,and trained to heroin selfadministration for 14 *** the 15 thday,rats were tested heroin reward under FR1 procedure with blue light stimulation in the wavelength of470 nm,frequency of 25 HZ and power of 5 *** stimulation lasting for 1 h and interval for1 *** spike changes before and after stimulation in NAc Shel neural nerve was *** LY379268 cloud dose-dependent attenuated the her

关键词： heroin ventromedial prefrontal cortex nucleus accumbens metabotropic glutamatereceptor 2/3 reward motivation

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prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第6期3卷 454-462页

作者： Marisela Hernández-González Diego Radberto Chapa García Abascal Miguel ángel Guevara Ricardo Alonso Romero Orozco Mayra Linné Almanza Sepúlveda Leopoldo Eduardo Flores Mancilla Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud Zacatecas México Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México

The estrous cycle is a physiological process modulated by hormonal changes associated, in turn, with alterations of the attraction or sensitivity with which females perceive different sensory stimuli. Auditory stimuli play an important role in the social interaction of several mammals, including their sexual behavior and the mother-young relationship. Since the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (Acc) had been associated with the processing and assignation of the incentive value of stimuli, this study was designed to analyze whether electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the PFC and Acc was modified during the two antagonist phases of the estrous cycle (proestrus-estrus and diestrus) when female rats heard sound recordings with different types of cries emitted by other rats. EEGs were recorded in eight female virgin Wistar rats, 80-100 days old, bilaterally implanted in the PFC and Acc during an awake-quiet state, in three conditions: when hearing 1) cries of pups;2) cries of adult male rats;and, 3) cries of adult female rats. The cries were recorded from pups (2-10 days old) and male and female adult rats after gentle prodding by a human hand. Each auditory stimulus (which included vocalizations up to 22 kHz) was randomly played back through a speaker placed near the female rats. Only upon perceiving the cries of male rats did the females in the proestrus-estrous phase show a lower relative power in the 14-30 Hz band in the Acc and an increased inter-prefrontal correlation in the 8-13 Hz band. It is probable that these EEG changes are associated with the lower activation or non-anxious state that the female rat presents specifically during the proestrus-estrous phase in response to the alarm cries of adult male rats.

关键词： Auditory Stimulation EEG Accumbens prefrontal Cortex Estrous Cycle Rats

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Activation of Human prefrontal Cortex to Pleasant and Aversive Taste Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第2期5卷 236-244页

作者： Chenghong Hu Yoshiko Kato Zhiwei Luo Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Japan. Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe Japan

The aim of the study was to investigate the representation of taste in human prefrontal cortex (PFC), in particular, to compare the representation of a pleasant and an aversive taste using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to obtain further understanding of the taste preference mechanism. The pleasant stimulus used was sweet taste (10% sucrose), and the unpleasant stimulus was sour taste (1% critic acid). Based on event-related design, the experiments were performed with 16 healthy volunteers using the OEG-16 fNIRS sensor. A general linear model was used to analyze the collected data. For the concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔoxyHb), we found that significant deactivation was induced by sweetness and sourness in parts of the frontopolar area, orbitofrontal area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bilateral hemisphere of human brain. And the right PFC showed different levels of activation between sweetness and sourness. In addition, brain activities were more sensitive to sourness than sweetness. Finally, we confirmed that the PFC was involved in sweet and sour taste processing, and fNIRS provided an alternative way for studying taste-related brain function under more natural conditions.

关键词： fNIRS Gustatory Sweetness Sourness prefrontal Cortex

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<i>Datura metel</i>Administration Distorts Medial prefrontal Cortex Histology of Wistar Rats

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2015年第4期5卷 282-291页

作者： Temitope Akhigbe Etibor Musa Iyiola Ajibola Mohammad Olanrewaju Buhari Abass Alao Safiriyu Oluwole Busayo Akinola Ezekiel A. Caxton-Martins Department of Human Anatomy Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda Department of Physiology Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda Department of Anatomy University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria

Datura metel is one of psychoactive substances of great ethno-pharmacological significance often abused because of its unrestricted availability, yet, little is known about its mechanisms of action. This work was therefore aimed at assessing the activity of ethanolic seed extract of D. metel on Nissl substances, astrocytes, axonal and neuronal integrity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Wistar rats. Eighteen Wistar rats averaging 175 g were used and randomly assigned to three groups: group A rats (n = 6) were administered extract of 100 mg/kg bw, group B rats (n = 6) received extract of 200 mg/kg bw, and group C-control (n = 6) took distilled water only for 14 days. The results revealed that D. metel is deleterious to the health of Wistar rats at a dose-dependent rate as observed in its actions on the medial prefrontal cortex at 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw. The histological study of the treated Wistar rats exhibited features of disoriented neuronal integrity such as, chromatolysis, reduced protein synthesis due to loss of Nissl substances and nuclei, neuronal loss as well as axonal injuries.

关键词： D. metel Nissl Substance prefrontal Cortex Chromatolysis

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Right prefrontal cortex is activated for perceiving postural limits: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

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Health 2009年第3期1卷 239-243页

作者： Noriyuki Kamata Yoshimi Matsuo Ayako Matsuya Satoru Inoue Kazuo Abe 不详

The purpose of this study was to investigate neuronal mechanisms active during the percep-tion of forward postural limits in a standing po-sition and to specify fall-related brain activity using optical functional near-infrared spectros-copy. The study group included six right-handed, healthy female volunteers (range: 19, 20 years). The optical imaging device comprised 16 opto-des designed to provide 24-channel recording of changes in hemoglobin oxygenation. We meas-ured the changes of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the frontal region when subjects per-ceived reachability in a standing position. Com- pared with those in other regions, the oxygen-ated hemoglobin levels in the right frontal region compatible with the right prefrontal cortex sig-nificantly increased. This result suggests that brain activities in the right prefrontal cortex are related to perception of reachability. Overesti-mation of postural limits has been reported as one of the risk factor for falling. This overesti-mation might be induced by dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in a failure to inhibit a motor program that would have caused a loss of balance in reaching. Activation of the right prefrontal cortex may be a key factor for pre-venting accidental falls in the elderly and in pa-tients with neurological disorders.

关键词： Postural Limits Falls Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) prefrontal Cortex (PFC)

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An fNIRS Research on prefrontal Cortex Activity Response to Pleasant Taste

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第8期3卷 617-623页

作者： Chenghong Hu Yoshiko Kato Zhiwei Luo Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Japan Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe Japan

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), as a non-invasive neuroimaging technique, was used to monitor the activation of prefrontal lobe on human brain during sweet taste processing. The primary aim of the present study was to find the region of interest (ROI) which is related to sweetness, and make further understanding of the central organization of taste. Based on event-related design, the experiments were performed with 16 volunteers by sweet taste stimulus. It was confirmed that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in sweet taste processing and fNIRS provided an alternative way for studying taste-related brain function under more natural conditions. This study might be effective for detecting the accession area in the cortex of sweet taste and helpful for studying on human feeding and taste disease like taste dyspepsia or disorder.

关键词： Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Gustation Sweet Taste prefrontal Cortex

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Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition on Development of the Dorsolateral prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Cells in the Rat

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第1期4卷 49-57页

作者： Carmen Torrero Mirelta Regalado Lorena Rubio Manuel Salas Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology Institute of Neurobiology National Autonomous University of Mexico Campus UNAM Juriquilla Queretaro Mexico

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of the rat plays a role in the encoding of neuronal signals involved in conflict-induced behavioral adjustment, working memory, planning and executive abilities, attentional control and other cognitive responses. In altricial species, early perinatal undernutrition interferes with the morphofunctional organization of a number of central nervous system (CNS) structures including the prefrontal cortex. The effects of neonatal undernutrition on dendritic arbor density, perikaryon measurements, and the number of spines (detected by rapid-Golgi) of basilar dendritic segments in layer III pyramidal neurons of the dlPFC were examined in male Wistar rats on postnatal (PDs) 12, 20, and 30. In the underfed (U) subjects the distal portions of the dendritic arbors had a consistent hipoplasia, mainly on PD 30, with reduced cross sectional area, perimeter, and spine densities on the basilar dendrites on all days studied. Thus, the alterations of the dlPFC pyramidal neurons may interfere with the plastic synaptic activity and cognitive performance of rats subjected to the stress of early underfeeding. Characterizing these anatomical alterations may help to understand the disrupted cognitive processes associated with neonatal undernutrition.

关键词： Neonatal Undernutrition prefrontal Cortex Development Stressed Rats

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Effects of aging on working memory performance and prefrontal cortex activity: A time-resolved spectroscopy study

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Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2016年第1期2卷 3-7页

作者： Jie Shi Wenjing Zhou Tongchao Geng Huancong Zuo Masahiro Tanida Kaoru Sakatani Department of Neurosurgery Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital Department of Neurology Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital Shiseido Research Center NEWCAT Research Institute Nihon University College of Engineering

Objective:This study aimed to employ time‐resolved spectroscopy(TRS)to explore age‐related differences in prefrontal cortex(PFC)activity while subjects performed a working memory ***:We employed TRS to measure PFC activity in ten healthy younger and ten healthy older subjects while they performed a working memory(WM)*** subjects performed the Sternberg test(ST)in which the memory‐set size varied between one and six *** TRS,we recorded changes in cerebral blood oxygenation as a measure of changes in PFC activity during the *** order to identify left/right asymmetry of PFC activity during the working memory task,we calculated the laterality score,i.e.,Δoxy‐Hb(rightΔoxy‐Hb—leftΔoxy‐Hb);positive values indicate greater activity in the right PFC,while negative values indicate greater activity in the left ***:During the ST,statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the younger and older groups in accuracy for low memory‐load and high memory‐*** high memory‐load tasks,however,older subjects were slower than younger subjects(P<0.05).We found that the younger group showed right lateral responses with a stronger right than left activation in the frontal pole,whereas the older group showed bilateral responses(P<0.05).Conclusions:The present results are consistent with the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults(HAROLD)model;working memory tasks cause asymmetrical PFC activation in younger adults,while older adults tend to show reduced hemispheric lateralization.

关键词： aging working memory prefrontal cortex time-resolved spectroscopy

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