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Effects of poria cocos polysaccharide on growth performance,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 316-331页

作者： Jing LU Zhangfan HUANG Youling YE Anle XU Zhongbao LI Fisheries College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment Xiamen 361021China

The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).

关键词： spotted sea bass poria cocos polysaccharide growth lipid metabolism

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A novel method of automatic peeling for poria cocos based on image processing

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 267-274页

作者： Xiongchu Zhang Bingqi Chen Zhi'an Zheng Wenjie Wang Xin Fang Congli Zhang College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Manual peeling of poria cocos has low efficiency and large loss,and other peeling methods are not suitable for poria cocos peeling.To solve this problem,this study designed and fabricated a set of automatic peeling equipment for poria cocos,which combined image processing technology with the structure and function of the vertical milling machine.This paper mainly reports the image detection algorithm of poria cocos epidermis position for automatic peeling.Firstly,the blue marks were glued to the movable and the immovable parts of clamping parts,and the initial window was determined through them.Then,the grayscale image within the initial window was obtained with the help of the chromatic aberration|2r-g-b|(red(r),green(g),blue(b)of pixels).The processing window was calculated with the aid of the distribution graph of the grayscale accumulation.Next,the grayscale image was taken into the process of the automatic binarization based on the Otsu method and the binary image was restored through dilation,erosion and denoising algorithm.Finally,pixel columns in the processing window were scanned column-by-column from the left to the right and the direction of each pixel column is from the bottom to the top.The first pixel with a value of 0 on each pixel column was set as the epidermis position of the current pixel column.The experiment results implied that,under the set light source,the average detection accuracy was 98.8%,and the average time to detect epidermis position once was 0.024 s.The detection accuracy and real-time performance of this algorithm meets the actual operation requirements of poria cocos peeling.It lays the foundation for the automatic peeling operation of poria cocos.

关键词： automatic peeling image processing poria cocos epidermis position

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Effect of poria cocos Hydroethanolic Extract on Treating Adriamycin-Induced Rat Model of Nephrotic Syndrome

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第12期23卷 916-922页

作者： ZAN Jun-feng SHEN Chan-juan ZHANG Li-ping LIU Yan-wen Provincial and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chinese Herbal Compound in Chinese Medicine Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan(430065)China Pharmacy Faculty Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan(430065)China

Objective: To evaluate the effect of poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf hydroethanolic extract(PHE) against nephrotic syndrome(NS) in rats and to identify the potential active components from PHE. Methods: The high content compounds were isolated and purified by using column chromatography followed by preparative highperformance liquid chromatography(p-HPLC). Forty male Wistar rats with adriamycin(ADR)-induced NS were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 in each group: model control group, positive control group(with prednisone treatment), PHE low-dose group, PHE middle-dose group and PHE high-dose group. Another 8 rats were recruited as vehicle control group. All rats received the intragastric administration of corresponding drugs or saline for 30 days. During the experimental period, rats’ behavior and appearance were observed and recorded daily, and their body weights were recorded weekly. After treatment, 24-h urine samples were collected to evaluate the urine protein and urine creatinine(Ucr); then the rats were sacrificed to collect carotid blood and to determine the levels of serum total protein(TP), albumin(Alb), globulin(Glo), total cholesterol(TC) and cytokine interlukin-4(IL-4). Results: Six acidic components were isolated and identified from the PHE section: pachymic acid, 15α-hydroxydehydrotumulosic acid, trametenolic acid, dehydropachymic acid, 3β-hydroxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-21-oic-acid and dehydroeburicoic acid. Compared with the model control group, the urine protein content were significantly decreased in the PHE treatment groups and positive control group(P<0.05), especially PHE middle-dose group(P<0.01). The Ucr values and serum levels of TP, Glo, TC and IL-4 in PHE low-and middle-dose groups were also presented obvious recover tendency as compared with the model control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, positive control group and all PHE groups indicated no significant therapeutic effect on raising Alb value, although PHE low-and middle-dose treatment groups showed better outcomes than positive contro

关键词： poria cocos hydroethanolic extract nephrotic syndrome Chinese medicine

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Accumulation of biomass and four triterpenoids in two-stage cultured poria cocos mycelia and diuretic activity in rats

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第4期15卷 265-270页

作者： HU Gao-Sheng HUANG Chong-Gui ZHANG Yang XIAO Wei JIA Jing-Ming School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Pharmaceutical Research Center Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. The Sixth Traditional Chinese Medicines Factory Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Ltd.

poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf, an important medicinal and food fungus, is well known in East Asia. Due to growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, developing alternative methods for producing P. cocos and/or its active components is of interest. In the present study, the effects of different culture methods on biomass and accumulation of four triterpenoids were investigated. The ethanol extract of fermented mycelium(EFM) was orally administered to rats. Urine output and concentrations of electrolytes(Na^+, K^+, and Cl^-) were measured. Our results showed that mycelia grew better under continuous shaking culture condition(7.5 g DW·L^(-1)), and higher triterpenoid levels were accumulated in two-stage culture(112 mg·L-1, 2.03%). The optimal starting time of static culture for triterpenoid yield was 4^(th) d after shaking culture. Single administration of middle and high dose of EFM significantly increased urine output, Na^+ and Cl^- excretion, and Na^+/K^+ ratio. These results suggested that ethanol extract of cultured mycelia showed significant diuretic activity in rats and two-stage culture of P. cocos could be an alternative way to produce mycelia and triterpenoids.

关键词： poria cocos Two-stage culture Diuretic activity Triterpenoids Content determination

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Study on Quality Markers of poria cocos Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

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Medicinal Plant 2023年第1期14卷 12-18页

作者： Zi LIU Na LI Zhe LI Lanqingqing ZHAO Yongzhou YU Xiaoyan CUI Chunying ZHAO Hui XIONG Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development Chengde Medical UniversityChengde 067000China Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair Chengde Medical UniversityChengde 067000China Institute of Basic Medicine Chengde Medical UniversityChengde 067000China Hebei Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Verification Shijiazhuang 050011China

[Objectives]To analyze the main chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)poria cocos by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and explore the active components for P.cocos in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by network pharmacology to predict its quality markers(Q-marker).[Methods]Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)in positive and negative ion mode was used to collect high quality MS and MS/MS data of poria cocos,and qualitative characterization of the components in poria cocos was performed using Analyst TF 1.7.1 and PeakView 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literature.Taking the above identified chemical components as the research object,we used network pharmacology to discover the potential effective components and their key targets of PD,and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets was performed to screen the Q-marker of P.cocos based on the five principles of Q-marker of TCM.[Results]UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to identify 41 chemical components of P.cocos,including 3 amino acids,26 triterpenoids,4 lactones,7 organic acids and 1 adenosine.It was more likely to lose H 2O and CO 2 during cleavage and break at the carbonyl group.The triterpenoids were mainly in the form of[M-H]-peaks in negative ion mode,which was easy to lose some structural fragments such as H 2O,CH 3COOH,CH 4,CO 2,etc.Further network pharmacological analysis showed that 302 targets of chemical components of P.cocos,518 targets of PD,28 common targets of component and disease,and 27 core targets such as PTGS2,ESR1,TNF,IL1B were observed by PPI interactions network analysis.451 biological processes such as hormone response and inflammatory response regulation were obtained by GO enrichment analysis.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 89 pathways including PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway were obtained.The connectivity value of components was analyzed.The core comp

关键词： poria cocos Network pharmacology LC-MS Quality markers Active components

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Antagonistic Effect of poria cocos on Ototoxicity of Kanamycin in Guinea－Pigs

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 1996年第1期2卷 72-74页

作者：刘耀春刘桂英刘儒林程秀臻李宁侯建平

In order to prevent ototoxicity of kanamycin ( KM) , the effects of poria cocos (PC) on the o-totoxicity induced by KM in guinea-pigs was observed by giving the PC decoction to guinea-pigs with compar-ing the difference in the general intoxicating symptom, Prayer's retlex (PR) threshold, brainstem auditory e-voked potentials (BAEPs) and the absence rate of outer hair cells in the first turn of cochlea. The results sug-gested that the ototoxicity od KM was retarded by PC decoction. On the 7th day after KM was given, PRthreshold of 4, 6, 8 kHz in the medicated group and control group were 4. 7 1 . 5 dB, 5. 7 2. 4 dB, 2. 7 1 . 2 dB and 10. 5 3 . 2 dB, 12 . 1 3 . 7 dB, 8. 5 2 . 7 dB respectively. BAEPs threshold on the 13th day afterKM was given, raised 22 . 7 9 . 7 dB in the PC group and 51 . 3 14. 4 dB in the control group. The absencerate of outer hair cells in the first turn of cochlea were 39 . 4% and 67 . 4% respectively. The results suggestedthat PC might be antagonistic to the ototoxicity of KM in guinea-pigs.

关键词： poria cocos kanamycin evoked potentials outer hair cell

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The Status Quo and Countermeasures of Planting and Industrial Development of poria cocos in Luotian County

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Asian Agricultural Research 2012年第6期4卷 29-32,37页

作者： CHENG Huan-zhong CHENG Shui-ming College of Chemistry and Life Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang 438000China Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000China

We conduct a field survey of the status quo of planting and industrial development of poria cocos in Luotian County.The results show that at present,Luotian County develops a set of standardized poria cocos cultivation technique,and some areas use the guideline of "four changes" to plants poria cocos.The main problems faced by planting of poria cocos currently are as follows:insufficient popularization of standardized poria cocos cultivation technique;low processing level of poria cocos;chaotic source of germplasm;lack of science and technology input;single industrial development pattern;shortage of well-known brands of products.In accordance with the above findings,we put forward the following recommendations:extensively promoting the guideline of " four changes";focusing on development and utilization of poria cocos byproducts;implement listing-for-sales to clarify the source of poria cocos strain;tightening the bonds with research institutes and large enterprises to promote science and technology input into poria cocos;encouraging the coexistence of diverse industrial development pattern.

关键词： poria cocos Planting,Luotian County Industrialization Countermeasures

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Effects of Crude Extract of poria cocos on the Tension of Jejunum and Cecum in Rabbits in vitro

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2015年第5期4卷 54-55,60页

作者： Jun WANG Yongshuai PENG Fengsun WU Jun HUO Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of poria cocos on intestinal smooth muscle contraction of rabbits in vitro and re- veal the related mechanism. [Method] With in vitro experimental method, using the tension of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle as an indicator, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, and 22.5 g/L crude extract of P. cocos were added into Tyrede＇s solution of jejunum and cecum tissues of rabbits to observe the effects of crude extract of P. cocos on motion dynamics of jejunum and cecum of rabbits. [ Result] The addition of crude extract of P. cocos could inhibit the contraction of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro, enhance contraction tension and relaxation tension, and reduce contraction amplitude. The effects were improved as the dose of crude extract of P. cocos increased, displaying a dose-effect relationship. [Condusion] This study provided theoretical basis for the clinical use of P. cocos.

关键词： poria cocos Rabbits Jejunum Cecum Contraction

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Hypnotic Effects of A Novel Anti-Insomnia Formula on Drosophila Insomnia Model

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第5期22卷 335-343页

作者：高俊熙官志文余兆龙李国英刘碧珊陈浩然荣润国冯国培梁秉中 Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Psychiatry The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Objective： To assess the biological effects of the six-herb mixture Anti-lnsomia Formula （AIF） extract using caffeine-induced insomnia Drosophila model and short-sleep mutants. Methods： Caffeine- induced insomnia wild-type Drosophila and short-sleep mutant flies minisleep （runs） and Hyperkinetic Y（Hk Y） were used to assess the hypnotic effects of the AIF in vivo. The night time activity, the amount of night time sleep and the number of sleep bouts were determined using Drosophila activity monitoring system. Sleep was defined as any period of uninterrupted behavioral immobility （0 count per minute） lasting 〉 5 min. Night time sleep was calculated by summing up the sleep time in the dark period. Number of sleep bouts was calculated by counting the number of sleep episodes in the dark period. Results： AIF at the dosage of 50 mg/mL, effectively attenuated caffeine-induced wakefulness （P〈0.01） in wild-type Canton-S flies as indicated by the reduction of the sleep bouts, night time activities and increase of the amount of night time sleep. AIF also significantly reduced sleeping time of short-sleep Hk y mutant flies （P〈0.01）. However, AIF did not produce similar effect in mns mutants. Conclusion： AIF might be able to rescue the abnormal condition caused by mutated modulatory subunit of the tetrameric potassium channel, but not rescuing the abnormal nerve firing caused by Shaker gene mutation. This study provides the scientific evidence to support the use of AIF in Chinese medicine for promoting sleep quality in insomnia.

关键词： caffeine hypnotic effects Ziziphus jujube Polygonum multiflorum poria cocos Triticum aestivu Anemarrhena asphodeloides Polygala tenuifolia Chinese medicine

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SULFATION OF PACHYMAN WITH CHLOROSULFONIC ACID USING THE IMPROVED WOLFROM METHOD

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第6期24卷 637-646页

作者： Qun Chen Ai-yun Wang Tian-tong Li Cheng-fu Li Qing-cai Jiao State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Biotechnology School of Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Biochemistry Huainan Teachers＇ College Huainan 232001 China

High purity polysaccharide of pachyman was isolated from the powder of poria cocos sclerotium with an yield of 77.8%. The intrinsic viscosity of polysaccharide was found to be 78.95 mL/g in DMSO solution at 25℃. The isolated polysaccharide was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to obtain pachyman sulfate using the improved Wolfrom method. The results of the orthogonality experiment on the sulfation reaction identified that the effectiveness of the reaction conditions on the degree of sulfation and the value of intrinsic viscosity is in the following order： molar ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to glucoside （3-5）〉 reaction temperature （60-80℃）〉 reaction time （1 2 h）, The kinetic studies of the pachyman sulfation indicated that the hydrolysis is accompanied with the sulfation process. The decrease in intrinsic viscosity of the sulfated pachyman is proportional to the increase in the degree of sulfation under the mild reaction conditions of 〈 80℃, chlorosulfonic acid/glucoside mole ratio 〈 5, and reaction time 〈 2 h. Beyond the above reaction conditions, excessive loss of --OH group occurs during hydrolysis. The NMR results indicated a complete sulfation on C-6 and a partial sulfation on the C-2 and C-4 of glucoside.

关键词： poria cocos Pachyman Pachyman sulfate Reaction kinetics Orthogonality test.

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