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ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1 is required for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第12期57卷 1003-1016页

作者： Hong-Hui Cui Hong-Ze Liao Yu Tang Xin-Yu Du Li-Qun Chen De Ye Xue-Qin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University

In flowering plants, the male and female gameto- genesis is a crucial step of sexual reproduction. Although many genes have been identified as being involved in the gametogenesis process, the genetic mechanisms underlying gametogenesis remains poorly understood. We reported here characterization of the gene, ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1 （AOGI） that is newly identified as essential for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. AOG1 is expressed predominantly in reproductive tissues including the developing pollen grains and ovules. The AOG1 protein shares no significant amino acid sequence similarity with other documented proteins and is located mainly in nuclei of the cells. Mutation in AOG~ caused degeneration of pollen at the uninucleate microspore stage and severe defect in embryo sacs, leading to a significant reduction in male and female ***, the molecular analyses showed that the aogl mutant significantly affected the expression of several genes, which are required for gametogenesis. Our results suggest that AOG1 plays important roles in gameto- genesis at the stage prior to pollen mitosis 1 （PMI） in Arabidopsis, possibly through collaboration with other genes.

关键词： Arabidopsis embryo sacs gametogenesis pollen grains

Cell Biological Characterization of Male Meiosis and pollen Development in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第6期47卷 734-744页

作者： Chang-BinCHEN Yun-YuanXU HongMA KangCHONG ResearchCenterforMolecularandDevelopmentalBiology KeyLaboratoryofPhotosynthesisandEnvironmentalMolecularPhysiologyInstituteofBotanytheChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100093China DepartmentofBiology PennsylvaniaStateUniversityUniversityParkPA16802USA

Abstract: Little systematic analysis has been undertaken in rice (Oryza sativa L.) on the stages of male meiosis from leptotene to telophase II or of pollen development from microspores to mature pollen grains. The present study describes multiple stages in detail from analysis of rice chromosome spreading with staining of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The description of normal wild-type male meiosis provides an important morphological reference for analyses of meiotic mutants. Meiosis in rice is largely similar to those of the well characterizing model plants Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Zea mays L. However, rice meiosis differs from that in Arabidopsis in that rice meiosis I is followed by the formation of a cell plate, instead of an organelle band that forms between the two nuclei and persist through meiosis II. This suggests a difference in the control of organelle biogenesis and distribution and cytokinesis. Our results should facilitate studies of rice meiosis and pollen development using molecular genetic and cell biological approaches.

关键词： chromosome meiosis Oryza sativa pollen grains

pollen viability of Polygala paniculata L.(Polygalaceae)using different staining methods

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BIOCELL 2012年第3期36卷 143-145页

作者： VIVIANE DAL-SOUTO FRESCURA HAYWOOD DAIL LAUGHINGHOUSE IV THAIS SCOTTI DO CANTO-DOROW SOLANGE BOSIO TEDESCO Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genotoxicity Department of BiologyCentro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas(CCNE)Universidade Federal de Santa Maria(UFSM)Avenida Roraimanº1000Cep.97105-900CamobiSanta MariaRio Grande do SulBrasil Centre for Protein Engineering Institute of Chemistry B6University of LiègeBelgium

Polygala paniculata *** a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was estimated by three different staining methods:2%acetic orcein,2%acetic carmine,and Alexander’s *** young inflorescences of twenty accessions were collected and fixed in a solution of ethanol:acetic acid(3:1)for 24 hours,then stored in ethanol 70%under *** slides per plant,two for each stain,were prepared by squashing,and 300 pollen grains per slide were *** viability was high(>70%)for most accessions of *** using the Alexander’s stain,which proved the most adequate method to estimate pollen viability.

关键词： pollen grains barba-de-bode acetic orcein acetic carmine Alexander’s stain

An Ethylene Over-Producing Mutant of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), Epinastic, Exhibits Tolerance to High Temperature Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 487-497页

作者： Sridharan Jegadeesan Etan Pressman Avital Beery Vikram Singh Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres Sara Shabtai Nurit Firon Department of Vegetable and Field Crops Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Rishon LeZion Israel Field Application Scientist Premas Life Sciences Bangalore India Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de Sao Paulo Piracicaba Brazil

Above-optimal temperatures reduce yield in many crops, including tomato, largely because of the heat-sensitivity of their reproduction process. A full understanding of heat-stress (HS) response and thermotolerance of tomato reproduction is still lacking. Recently, using external application of the plant hormone ethylene, it was demonstrated that ethylene plays a role in heat-tolerance of tomato pollen (the male reproductive cells). In order to expand our understanding on involvement of ethylene in tomato pollen thermotolerance, we analyzed the response of wild type and ethylene-related tomato mutant plants to HS, at physiological and molecular levels. We report that mild chronic HS conditions highly reduce the number of viable and germinating pollen grains as well as the production of seeded fruits in wild type tomato plants, while no significant reduction was detected/observed in pollen quality, number of seeded fruits and seeds per fruit in plants of the ethylene over-producer mutant epinastic. Our findings suggest that ethylene is involved in thermotolerance of tomato reproduction, pointing to an effect on pollen viability and germination potential, highlighting candidate genes involved in pollen response to HS (like SlHSP17, SlHSP101, SlMBF1) and suggesting directions for further studies.

关键词： Ethylene Mild Chronic Heat Stress pollen grains Reproduction Solanum lycopersicum Thermotolerance

The Effect of Air Pollution on Chenopodium album L. pollen Structure

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第1期2卷 143-148页

作者： Leila Amjad Mahsa Shafighi Department of Biology Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Esfahan Iran Young Researchers Club Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Esfahan Iran

Air pollution is harm and discomfort to human or other living organisms, it also causes damage to the environment. The aim of this project was to study the effect of air pollutions on structure and pollen grains development in Chenopodium album. Anthers of Chenopodium album L. were collected at different stages of development from control （less polluted） and polluted areas （mainly SO2, NO2, CO and APM）. Structure and development of pollen grains were studied and compared. The effects of pollution on pollen structure was investigated under Light and Scanning electron microscopy and the results showed that when pollen grains were exposed to polluted air they became abnormality in form and covered with large amounts of pollutants compared to control ones. pollen abnormalities were seen as irregularity, shrinkage, thinning and breakage of the exine. Cellular material release was induced also. The data presented suggest that prolonged exposures of plants to air pollution may cause different biological effects at the cellular tissue and organ levels.

关键词： Air pollution pollen grains Chenopodium album L