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Experimental assessment of regenerative properties of platelet rich plasma on the human skin-a review

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 387-393页

作者： Marco Mario Tresoldi Angela Faga Giovanni Nicoletti Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Clinical SurgicalDiagnostic and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Department of Surgery Istituti Clinici Scientifici MaugeriPavia 27100Italy Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences and Department of Public Health and Experimental and Forensic MedicineAdvanced Technologies for Regenerative Medicine and Inductive Surgery Research CenterUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Plastic Surgery Unit Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di PaviaPavia 27100Italy

Several studies demonstrated the favorable effects of platelet rich plasma(PRP)on the skin and promoted its wide use in clinical practice.The growth factors stored in platelet alfa-granules allow for the tissue regeneration and the main fields of application of PRP in current clinical practice are the cartilage and musculoskeletal defects,osteoarthritis and other bone disorders,chronic and difficult to heal wounds,and aesthetic procedures.The relevant number of different PRP preparation protocols may explain the inconsistency of the different clinical outcomes reported in the literature.Despite the technological advances in PRP preparation,the objective assessment of the clinical efficacy of PRP from the literature reports still is difficult due to the low homogeneity of the samples in terms of both inclusion criteria and size.Therefore,it might be useful to establish standardized and reproducible experimental models to confirm and objectively measure the effectiveness of the available clinical results.Many experimental investigations have been carried out to objectively assess the effectiveness of PRP and platelet gel on several tissues.As far as the skin is concerned,the studies carried out to date are limited to fibroblasts in in-vitro culture models or to collagen,vascular supply,epithelium,and hair follicle in in-vivo models.The skin,however,is a very complex organ,where different cell lines coexist and feature complex mutual interaction.A model that combines the advantages of both in-vitro and in-vivo cultures is the ex-vivo model.The demonstration of the platelet derived growth factors effects through the ex-vivo human full-thickness skin culture model is a keystone to support the evidence of the PRP effectiveness,as it represents an objective,fast,reproducible,and ethical investigational method.

关键词： platelet rich plasma PRP ex-vivo regeneration culture techniques skin

platelet rich plasma effectiveness in bowel anastomoses:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第12期13卷 1736-1753页

作者： Georgios Geropoulos Kyriakos Psarras Dimitrios Giannis Eirini Chrysovalantou Martzivanou Maria Papaioannou Christos Dimitrios Kakos Efstathios Theodoros Pavlidis Nikolaos Symeonidis Georgios Koliakos Theodoros Efstathios Pavlidis Department of General Surgery University College London HospitalsLondon NW12BUUnited Kingdom Laboratory of Scientific Research and Experimental Surgery 2nd Propedeutic Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineAristotle UniversityThessaloniki 54642Greece Surgery Working Group Society of Junior DoctorsAthens 15123Greece Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNY 11030United States Laboratory of Biological Chemistry School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leak constitutes a major problem in abdominal surgery.Technical insufficiency,topical or systemic factors contribute to disrupted healing of the performed bowel anastomosis and result in anastomosis leakage,with detrimental effects on patient postoperative outcomes.Despite the investigation of several factors and the invention of protective materials,the ideal agent to prevent anastomotic leaks is yet to be determined.AIM To study the effect of platelet rich plasma(PRP)on the healing of bowel anastomoses.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,and Scopus databases to identify studies investigating the effect of PRP application on bowel anastomosis.RESULTS Eighteen studies were eligible with a total population of 712 animals including rats(14 studies),rabbits(2 studies)and pigs(2 studies).No postoperative complications were reported following PRP application.Fourteen out of 18 studies reported a statistically significant higher anastomosis bursting pressure in PRP groups compared to control either in healthy animals or animal models with underlying condition or intervention,such as intraperitoneal chemotherapy or peritonitis.Similar results were reported by ten studies in terms of tissue hydroxyproline levels.One study reported significant increase in collagen deposition in PRP groups.PRP application resulted in significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the presence of peritonitis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy(6 studies).CONCLUSION The application of PRP is associated with improved bowel anastomosis outcomes,especially in animal models having an underlying condition affecting the normal healing process.PRP application seems to augment the normal healing process under these circumstances.However,further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of PRP on bowel anastomosis healing,especially in clinical settings.

关键词： platelet rich plasma Colonic anastomosis Small bowel anastomosis Large bowel anastomosis Bowel anastomosis Surgery

platelet rich plasma(PRP)induces autophagy in osteoblast precursor 3T3-L1

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BIOCELL 2018年第1期42卷 13-16页

作者： SERGIO ANDRES CARMINATI MARÍA CAROLINA BARBOSA CLAUDIO MARCELO FADER Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Facultad de OdontologíaMendozaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET).Instituto de Histología y Embriología(IHEM) Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina

Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostatic mechanism by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes for degradation and recycling.Autophagy has been related with a diversity of pathological or physiological dentary processes such as bone remodeling,skeletal aging,osteoclastogenesis,osteoblastogenesis and different types of oral cancer.platelet-rich plasma(PRP),isolated from autologous blood,is a plasma preparation containing a higher concentration of platelets which contains numerous different growth factors and cytokines that activate several cellular signaling cascades.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PRP on autophagy stimulation in both osteoblast precursor 3T3-L1 and non-related osteoblastic cells.Our results showed that PRP can increase the number of autophagic structures in 3T3-L1 and HeLa(cervical cancer cells)cells.Moreover,we have determined by Western blot a rise in the lipidated form of the autophagic protein LC3(i.e.LC3-II)upon PRP treatment.Taken together,our results suggest that PRP is able to induce a strongly autophagy response in osteoblast precursor and,to a lesser extent,in non-related osteoblastic cells,suggesting that PRP could be a potential therapeutic tool for some autophagy-related diseases associated with bone homeostasis.

关键词： Autophagy 3T3-L1 platelet rich plasma Odontology

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on cavernous nerve regeneration in a rat model

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第2期11卷 215-221页

作者： Xie-Gang Ding Shi-Wen Li Xin-Min Zheng Li-Quan Hu Wan-Li Hu Yi Luo Research Center of Urology and Andrology Zhongnan HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on cavernous nerve(CN)regeneration and functional status in a nerve-crush rat model.Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups:eight had a sham operation,eight underwent bilateral nerve crushing with no further intervention and eight underwent bilateral nerve crushing with an immediate application of PRP on the site of injury.Erectile function was assessed by CN electrostimulation at 3 months and nerve regeneration was assessed by toluidine blue staining of CN and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-diaphorase staining of penile tissue.Three months after surgery,in the group that underwent bilateral nerve crushing with no further intervention,the functional evaluation showed a lower mean maximal intracavernous pressure(ICP)and maximal ICP per mean arterial pressure(MAP)with CN stimulation than those in the sham group.In the group with an immediate application of PRP,the mean maximal ICP and maximal ICP/MAP were significantly higher than those in the injured control group.Histologically,the group with the application of PRP had more myelinated axons of CNs and more NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibres than the injured control group but fewer than the sham group.These results show that the application of PRP to the site of CN-crush injury facilitates nerve regeneration and recovery of erectile function.Our research indicates that clinical application of PRP has potential repairing effect on CN and peripheral nerves.

关键词： platelet rich plasma impotence erectile dysfunction nerve regeneration

Combined administration of platelet rich plasma and autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate for spinal cord injury: a descriptive case series

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 362-366页

作者： Joseph A.Shehadi Steven M.Elzein Paul Beery M.Chance Spalding Michelle Pershing Section of Neurosurgery at OhioHealth Grant Medical Center Cedar Stem Cell InstituteColumbusOHUSA The Ohio State University College of Medicine ColumbusOHUSA Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery OhioHealth Grant Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA OhioHealth Research Institute ColumbusOHUSA

Administration of platelet rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC) has shown some promise in the treatment of neurological conditions;however, there is limited information on combined administration. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess safety and functional outcomes for patients administered combined autologous PRP and BMAC for spinal cord injury(SCI). This retrospective case series included seven patients who received combined treatment of autologous PRP and BMAC via intravenous and intrathecal administration as salvage therapy for SCI. Patients were reviewed for adverse reactions and clinical outcomes using the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) for up to 1 year, as permitted by availability of follow-up data. Injury levels ranged from C3 through T11, and elapsed time between injury and salvage therapy ranged from 2.4 months to 6.2 years. Post-procedure complications were mild and rare, consisting only of self-limited headache and subjective memory impairment in one patient. Four patients experienced severe disability prior to PRP combined with BMAC injection, as evidenced by high(> 48/100) Oswestry Disability Index scores. Longitudinal Oswestry Disability Index scores for two patients with incomplete SCI at C6 and C7, both of whom had cervical spine injuries, demonstrated a decrease of 28–40% following salvage therapy, representing an improvement from severe to minimal disability. In conclusion, intrathecal/intravenous co-administration of PRP and BMAC resulted in no significant complications and may have had some clinical benefits. Larger clinical studies are needed to further test this method of treatment for patients with SCI who otherwise have limited meaningful treatment options. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ohio Health Institutional Review Board(IRB No. 1204946) on May 16, 2018.

关键词： bone marrow aspirate concentrate cell-based therapy neural regeneration Oswestry Disability Index platelet rich plasma spinal cord injury stem cells

Experimental study of the effect of platelet-rich plasma on osteogenesis in rabbit

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第12期17卷 1853-1855页

作者：张长青袁霆曾炳芳 Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200233 China

platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is produced from a patient's own blood by centrifugation, and PRP contains several kinds of growth factors in high concentration such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and so on.1 These growth factors have proved to offer an improved quality and speed of healing for both hard and soft tissue.2 In this study, PRP compounded with porous bioceramic was used to repair a bone defect in rabbit radius. The radiographic and histological qualitative and quantitative observations were performed to evaluate osteogenesis.

关键词： platelet rich plasma bone defect osteogenesis bioceramic

Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of chronic nonhealing leg ulcers

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2014年第1期1卷 65-69页

作者： Shwetha Suryanarayan Leelavathy Budamakuntla Syed Iqbalulla Sha Khadri Sacchidanand Sarvajnamurthy Department of Dermatology STD and LeprosyBangalore Medical College and Research InstituteBengaluru 560001KarnatakaIndia Department of General Surgery Bowring and Lady Curzon HospitalBangalore Medical College and Research InstituteBengaluru 560001KarnatakaIndia.

Aim:The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)in the treatment of chronic nonhealing ulcers.Methods:A nonrandomized,uncontrolled study was performed on 24 patients with 33 nonhealing ulcers of various etiologies.All patients were treated with PRP at weekly intervals for a maximum of 6 treatments.At the end of the 6-week period,reduction in size of the ulcers(area and volume)was assessed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 42.5 years(standard deviation[SD]12.48).Of 33 ulcers,there were 19 venous ulcers,7 traumatic ulcers,2 ulcers secondary to pyoderma gangrenosum,2 diabetic ulcers,2 trophic ulcers,and 1 vasculitic ulcer.The mean duration of healing of the ulcers was 5.6 weeks(SD 3.23).The mean percentage of reduction in area and volume of the ulcers was 91.7%(SD 18.4%)and 95%(SD 14%),respectively.About 100%resolution in the area was seen in 25(76%)of the ulcers and 100%reduction in volume was seen in 24(73%)of the ulcers at the end of the 6th treatment.Conclusion:Conventional therapies do not provide satisfactory healing for chronic nonhealing ulcers as they are not able to provide the necessary growth factors(GFs)(platelet-derived GF,epidermal GF,vascular endothelial GF,etc.)which are essential for the healing process.PRP is a safe,affordable,biocompatible,and simple office-based procedure for the treatment of nonhealing ulcers.

关键词： Leg ulcers platelet-derived growth factor platelet rich plasma

The inflammatory response of the pulp after direct capping with platelet-rich plasma and enamel matrix derivative:A controlled animal study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2014年第1期4卷 14-21页

作者： Murat Maden Ekim Onur Orhan Ihsan Furkan Ertugrul Burcu Sengüven Department of Endodontics Faculty of DentistrySüleyman Demirel UniversityIspartaEskisehirTurkey Department of Endodontics Faculty of DentistryEskisehir Osmangazi UniversityEskisehirTurkey Department of Oral Pathology Gazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: The study was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats with a total of 144 incisor teeth. The pulps of 96 teeth of the rats were perforated and capped with different agents. Serving as the positive control group, the pulps of 24 teeth were only perforated and capped without capping agents, whereas the pulps of 24 teeth were used as the negative control group without being perforated (without any process). The research was ended with the extracting of the teeth on the 7th day-28th day. The teeth were taken to the routine and histological follows;cross sections were prepared and painted with hematoxylen & eosin. All of the sections were evaluated in terms of inflammatory reaction by histologic analysis taken by light microscope. Statistical analysis was used. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann Whitney U and the differences between the groups were analyze dusing Kruskal Wallis test at 0.05 level. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of inflammation type and necrosis among the treatment groups on 7 days’ post capping. However, improved inflammatory cell accumulation, hyperemia and lowest necrosis were observed from the samples treated with PRP (p < 0.05). Conversely, the EMD group indicated that the criteria of inflammation scores and hyper- emia were higher in the 28th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most of cells accumulating in the PRP group and most necrosis were seen in the EMD group. These new PRP materials might serve as pulp capping biomaterials to induce initial healing response in the future.

关键词： Enamel Matrix Derivate platelet rich plasma Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Inflammatory Response Direct Pulp Capping

platelet rich fibrin is not a barrier membrane!Or is it?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第11期11卷 2396-2404页

作者： Amit Arvind Agrawal Department of Periodontology and Implantology Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's Karmaveer Bhausaheb Hiray Dental College and HospitalNasik 422003India

platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)is widely used in dentistry and other fields of medicine,and its use has become popular in dental implantology.In several published studies,PRF has been used as a barrier membrane.A barrier membrane is a sheet of a certain material that acts as a biological and mechanical barrier against the invasion of cells that are not involved in bone formation,such as epithelial cells.Among the basic requirements of a'barrier membrane,occlusivity,stiffness,and space maintenance are the criteria that PRF primarily lacks;therefore,it does not fall under the category of barrier membranes.However,there is evidence that PRF membranes are useful in significantly improving wound healing.Does the PRF membrane act as a barrier?Should we think of adding or subtracting some points from the ideal requirements of a barrier membrane,or should we coin a new term or concept for PRF that will incorporate some features of a barrier membrane and be a combination of tissue engineering and biotechnology?This review is aimed at answering the basic question of whether the PRF membrane should be considered a barrier membrane or whether it is something more beyond the boundaries of a barrier membrane.

关键词： platelet rich fibrin platelet rich plasma Barrier membrane Guided tissue regeneration Guided bone regeneration