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plant biotechnology and Genetics : Principles, Techniques and Applications

2008年

作者： C. Neal Stewart, Jr

ISBN: (纸本)9780470043813;9780470282014;9780470282007;9781118589489

Designed to inform and inspire the next generation of plant biotechnologists plant biotechnology and Genetics explores contemporary techniques and applications of plant biotechnology, illustrating the tremendous potential this technology has to change our world by improving the food supply. As an introductory text, its focus is on basic science and processes. It guides students from plant biology and genetics to breeding to principles and applications of plant biotechnology. Next, the text examines the critical issues of patents and intellectual property and then tackles the many controversies and consumer concerns over transgenic plants. The final chapter of the book provides an expert forecast of the future of plant biotechnology. Each chapter has been written by one or more leading practitioners in the field and then carefully edited to ensure thoroughness and consistency. The chapters are organized so that each one progressively builds upon the previous chapters. Questions set forth in each chapter help students deepen their understanding and facilitate classroom discussions. Inspirational autobiographical essays, written by pioneers and eminent scientists in the field today, are interspersed throughout the text. Authors explain how they became involved in the field and offer a personal perspective on their contributions and the future of the field. The text''s accompanying CD-ROM offers full-color figures that can be used in classroom presentations with other teaching aids available online. This text is recommended for junior- and senior-level courses in plant biotechnology or plant genetics and for courses devoted to special topics at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an ideal reference for practitioners.

关键词： Transgenic plants plant genetics plant biotechnology

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Evolution-aided engineering of plant specialized metabolism

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aBIOTECH 2021年第3期2卷 240-263页

作者： Mohammad Irfan Benjamin Chavez Paride Rizzo John C.D'Auria Gaurav D.Moghe plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Metabolic Diversity Group Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)06466 SeelandGermany

The evolution of new traits in living organisms occurs via the processes of mutation,recombination,genetic drift,and selection.These processes that have resulted in the immense biol ogical diversity on our planet are also being employed in metabolic engineering to optimize enzymes and pathways,create new-to-nature reactions,and synthesize complex natural products in heterologous systems.In this review,we discuss two evolution-aided strategies for metabolic engineering-directed evolution,which improves upon existing genetic templates using the evolutionary process,and combinatorial pathway reconstruction,which brings together genes evolved in different organisms into a single heterol ogous host.We discuss the general principles of these strategies,describe the technologies involved and the molecular traits they influence,provide examples of their use,and discuss the roadblocks that need to be addressed for their wider adoption.A better understanding of these strategies can provide an impetus to research on gene function discovery and biochemical evolution,which is foundational for improved metabolic engineering.These evolution-aided approaches thus have a substantial potential for improving our understanding of plant metabolism in general,for enhancing the production of plant metabolites,and in sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Evolution Metabolic engineering plant biotechnology Synthetic biology

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＂La Vie en Rose＂： Biosynthesis, Sources, and Applications of Betalain Pigments

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Molecular plant 2018年第1期11卷 7-22页

作者： Guy Polturak Asaph Aharoni Department of plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel

Betalains are tyrosine-derived red-violet and yellow pigments found exclusively in plants of the Caryophyllales order, which have drawn both scientific and economic interest. Nevertheless, research into betalain chemistry, biochemistry, and function has been limited as comparison with other major classes of plant pigments such as anthocyanins and carotenoids. The core biosynthetic pathway of this pigment class has only been fully elucidated in the past few years, opening up the possibility for betalain pigment engineering in plants and microbes. In this review, we discuss betalain metabolism in light of recent advances in the field, with a current survey of characterized genes and enzymes that take part in be- talain biosynthesis, catabolism, and transcriptional regulation, and an outlook of what is yet to be discovered. A broad view of currently used and potential new sources for betalains, including utilization of natural sources or metabolic engineering, is provided together with a summary of potential applications of beta- lains in research and commercial use.

关键词： betalain biosynthesis plant pigment secondary metabolism metabolic engineering plant biotechnology

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Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Use in the Russian Federation

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第9期7卷 743-751页

作者： Nadezhda V. Tyshko Elvira O. Sadykova Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Centre of Nutrition Biotechnology and Food Safety” Moscow Russian Federation

Practical application of new methods of а plant genome transformation resulted in the need for strict regulation of the safety assessment process of genetically modified organisms of plant origin, intended for use in food. The devise of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) of plant origin safety assessment system, which is currently valid in the Russian Federation, was initiated in 1995-1996. Not only does the system accumulate all domestic and foreign experience, it also includes the latest scientific approaches, based on achievements of fundamental science. In the present article authors focused on issues of the basic legislative regulations of plant biotechnology in the Russian Federation, and approaches to the safety assessment of GM food and control over such food. GMO safety assessment is carried out at the stage of State registration. The subject of registration is novel food products derived from GMO, manufactured in the Russian Federation, as well as food products, entering the Russian Federation for the first time. In the system of medical and biological assessment of the GMO safety, along with general toxicological research, the study of specific types of toxicity in in vivo experiments takes a prominent place. In accordance with established research practice, which uses an integrated approach, and provides with the most complete and reliable information on potential reprotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic and allergenic effects of GMO, as well as enables to reveal possible unintended effects of genetic modification. From 1999 to 2016 22 GM lines passed the entire cycle of medical-biological investigations. By 2016 there had been amassed scientific foundation on GMO safety, which includes the analysis of result of research, carried out within the framework of GMO state registration in the Russian Federation, as well as domestic and international data, presented by scientific literature on the problem of biotechnological food safety, at both registration stage and post-registration monitoring stage. To sum u

关键词： plant biotechnology GM Food GMO Safety Assessment GMO Legislative Regulation GM Food Labelling Control over GMO

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植物细胞工程的理论基础:细胞全能性学说

植物细胞工程的理论基础:细胞全能性学说

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全国作物细胞工程与分子技术育种学术研讨会

作者：朱至清中国科学院植物研究所

＜正＞细胞全能性学说认为,植物的细胞具有发育为胚胎和植株的潜能。细胞和组织培养的实践表明,虽然不是植物所有细胞都具有全能性,但是的确许多类型的细胞可以在离体培养条件下发育为胚状体或者植株。正因为如此,在细胞水平上进行的任... 详细信息

＜正＞细胞全能性学说认为,植物的细胞具有发育为胚胎和植株的潜能。细胞和组织培养的实践表明,虽然不是植物所有细胞都具有全能性,但是的确许多类型的细胞可以在离体培养条件下发育为胚状体或者植株。正因为如此,在细胞水平上进行的任何遗传操作,通过细胞培养和植株再生,最终可以将细胞的遗传修饰变成植物的遗传修饰,从而改变了整个植物的遗传特性。此外,植物细胞的全能性使得它们能够在培养条件下无限的分裂和增殖,我们可以

关键词： cell totipotency stem Cell embryogenic cell somatic embryogenesis plant biotechnology

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