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Modeled exposure to phthalates via inhalation and dermal pathway in children's sleeping environment: A preliminary study and its implications

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Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1785-1794页

作者： Zhongming Bu Cong Dong Daniel Mmereki Yanghui Ye Zhu Cheng Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandParktown Education Campus2193 JohannesburgSouth Africa College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

In this study,exposure to phthalates during children’s sleeping time was evaluated based on a mechanistic model.Airborne phase-specific concentrations in this model were estimated taking into account kinetic partitioning,particle dynamics and time-varying ventilation.Exposure pathways considered were inhalation exposure to airborne phases,dermal absorption from "air-to-skin" transport and direct contact.By taking di(n-butyl)phthalate(DnBP)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)as two representative pollutants,inhalation exposure accounted for>90%when children wore clean pajamas before going to bed.Dermal uptake significantly increased when children's pajamas had absorbed DnBP before putting them on,whereas dermal uptake of DEHP was relatively lower and insensitive to the condition of clothing.Increasing air exchange rate at night and keeping clothes cleaner were effective for reducing children's exposures during sleeping period.Further studies are necessary taking into account source-proximity effect,particle emissions and refined dermal exposure routes.

关键词： indoor air phthalates exposure children sleeping environment

Preparation of polypyrrole/nanosilica composite for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol and phthalates migrated from containers to eye drops and injection solutions

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第3期9卷 185-192页

作者： Mehdi Ansari Dogaheh Mansoureh Behzadi Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman Medical Science University Kerman Iran Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran

This paper describes the electrodeposition of polyphosphate-doped polypyrrole/nanosilica nano-composite coating on steel wire for direct solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol A and five phthalates. We optimized influencing parameters on the extraction efficiency and morphology of the nanocomposite such as deposition potential, concentration of pyrrole and polyphosphate, deposition time and the nanosilica amount. Under the optimized conditions, characterization of the nanocomposite was inves-tigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Also, the factors related to the solid-phase microextraction method including desorption temperature and time, extrac-tion temperature and time, ionic strength and pH were studied in detail. Subsequently, the proposed method was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by thermal desorption and acceptable figures of merit were obtained. The linearity of the calibration curves was between 0.01 and 50 ng/mL with acceptable correlation coefficients (0.9956-0.9987) and limits of detection were in the range 0.002-0.01 ng/mL. Relative standard deviations in terms of intra-day and inter-day by five replicate analyses from aqueous solutions containing 0.1 ng/mL of target analytes were in the range 3.3%-5.4% and 5%-7.1%, respectively. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibilities were measured for three different fibers prepared in the same conditions and the results were between 7.3% and 9.8%. Also, extraction recoveries at two different concentrations were ≥96%. Finally, the suitability of the proposed method was demonstrated through its application to the analysis of some eye drops and injection solutions.

关键词： Solid-phase microextraction Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Polyphosphate-doped polypyrrole Nanosilica phthalates BisphenolA

Detection of phthalates migration from disposable tablewares to drinking water using hexafluoroisopropanol-induced catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第5期6卷 292-299页

作者： Cao Li Jia Xu Dan Chen Yuxiu Xiao Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University

Hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect the migration of phthalates from disposable tablewares to drinking water. The concentration factors are larger than 82 and extraction recoveries over 53% for water samples spiked with 100 or 200 ng/m L phthalates. Limit of detection is in the range of 1.0–2.6 ng/m L.Good linearity with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9985 is obtained in the concentration of20–1500 or 40–3000 ng/m L. Relative recoveries are from 82.4% to 123.6% for water samples spiked with30/60, 250/500, and 1500/3000 ng/m L phthalates, respectively. Relative standard deviations(RSDs) are0.4%–7.4% for intraday precision(n = 5) and 0.6%–7.8% for interday precision(n = 3). Four of studied phthalates are found in the drinking water samples prepared from four kinds of tablewares.

关键词： phthalates migration Disposable tableware HFIP-induced SDS/DTAB coacervate extraction HPLC

Ovarian Toxicity and Epigenetic Mechanisms of phthalates and Their Metabolites

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Current Medical Science 2021年第2期41卷 236-249页

作者： Hua-hua JIANG Yao-yao DU Yu-feng LI Reproductive Medical Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Ovary plays an important role in the female reproductive system.The maintenance and regulation of ovarian function are affected by various physical and chemical factors.With the development of industrialization,environmental pollutants have caused great harm to public health.phthalates,as a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),are synthesized and used in large quantities as plasticizers due to their chemical properties.They are easily released into environment because of their noncovalent interactions with substances,causing human exposure and possibly impairing ovary.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the role of epigenetics in the occurrence and development of diseases.And it is urgent to study the role of methylation,gene imprinting,miRNA,and other epigenetic mechanisms in reproductive toxicology.

关键词： epigenetics methylation miRNAs ovarian toxicity phthalates reproductive health

2D-and 3D-QSBR Studies on the Relationship between Structure and Biodegradability of phthalates

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第8期33卷 1109-1116页

作者：韩香云石佳奇陈天明 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology School of the Environment Nanjing University

Nine phthalates were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G＊＊ level using DFT method. The corresponding linear relationship equations （R2 were 0.853 and 0.936 respectively） for the biodegradation rate （Kb） and half-life time （h/2） of biodegradation were obtained with the structural parameters as theoretical descriptors. Furthermore, CoMFA method was also applied to establish 3D models which revealed the fields influencing these properties. The relationship between the properties and the structure was obtained. The correlation coefficients of the models were 0.992 and 0.999, respectively. Analyses of 2D and 3D models demonstrated that the molecular volume was an important factor affecting the biodegradability of these compounds.

关键词： phthalates biodegradability density functional theory,comparative molecular field analysis

Cooperation between Pt and Ru on RuPt/AC bimetallic catalyst in the hydrogenation of phthalates

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第1期32卷 516-520页

作者： Yan Xu Chenguang Wu Yan Wang Ying Zhang Han Sun Haijun Chen Yujun Zhao Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

RuPt/AC bimetallic catalysts were pre pared by two-step incipient impregnation method and evaluated in the hydrogenation of phthalates.According to the characterization results,well dispersed Ru Pt bimetallic nanoparticles were formed on the catalyst,and the strong interaction between the two metals resulted in the formation of RuPt alloy.It was found that Ru can donate electrons to Pt on RuPt alloy nanoparticles,leading to the formation of electron-deficient Ru which significantly promotes the hydrogenation rate of dioctyl phthalate and improves the selectivity of dioctyl di-2-ethylhexylcyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate by accelerating the further hydrogenation of intermediate products.The bimetallic RuPt catalyst also presented excellent stability and versatility in the hydrogenation of phthalates,demonstrating its prospective future in the hydrogenation of aromatic ring contained compounds.

关键词： Ru RuPt alloy Bimetallic catalyst phthalates Hydrogenation

Food contaminants and potential risk of diabetes development:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第6期14卷 705-723页

作者： Maja Milanovic Natasa Milosevic Natasa Milic Milica Medic Stojanoska Edward Petri Jelena Markovic Filipovic Department of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Novi SadNovi Sad 21000Serbia Faculty of Medicine Clinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Clinical Center of VojvodinaUniversity of Novi SadNovi Sad 21000Serbia Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi Sad 21000Serbia

The number of people diagnosed with diabetes continues to increase,especially among younger populations.Apart from genetic predisposition and lifestyle,there is increasing scientific and public concern that environmental agents may also contribute to diabetes.Food contamination by chemical substances that originate from packaging materials,or are the result of chemical reactions during food processing,is generally recognized as a worldwide problem with potential health hazards.phthalates,bisphenol A(BPA)and acrylamide(AA)have been the focus of attention in recent years,due to the numerous adverse health effects associated with their exposure.This paper summarizes the available data about the association between phthalates,BPA and AA exposure and diabetes.Although their mechanism of action has not been fully clarified,in vitro,in vivo and epidemiological studies have made significant progress toward identifying the potential roles of phthalates,BPA and AA in diabetes development and progression.These chemicals interfere with multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis and can aggravate the symptoms of diabetes.Especially concerning are the effects of exposure during early stages and the gestational period.Well-designed prospective studies are needed in order to better establish prevention strategies against the harmful effects of these food contaminants.

关键词： Acrylamide Bisphenol A phthalates Endocrine disrupting chemicals β-cell Diabetes

Presence of phthalates in gastrointestinal medications: Is there a hidden danger?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第41期19卷 7042-7047页

作者： Zane R Gallinger Geoffrey C Nguyen Mount Sinai Hospital Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 1X5Canada Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States

Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic enzymes.Our understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not harmless.Experimental studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero development.Despite the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental problems.Longitudinal studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health consequences.It is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.

关键词： phthalates Dibutyl phthalate 5-Aminosalicylates Medications Development Pregnancy

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Identification and Estimation of phthalates in Sewer Waste and a Receiving River in Ibadan City, Southwestern Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第10期4卷 851-858页

作者： Gregory O. Adewuyi Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Medical wastes have been implicated in river pollution in developing countries and most often people depend on water from such rivers for sources of livelihood. phthalates (endocrine disruptors) are major components in medical wastes and are commonly found contaminants in aquatic environment. Most sewage treatment facilities handling medical waste are inefficient due to overuse and poor maintenance and discharge directly into rivers. This study aimed to investigate the identity and estimates the concentration of phthalates in supposed treated medical wastes from a hospital sewer and water from a receiving river. Samples were randomly collected before and after treatment by the sewer plants, while samples were randomly collected along the course of the river starting from point of discharge. Control samples were taken from upstream about 500 m along the river course. The samples were extracted by liquid-liquid chroma- tographic process using dichloromethane, after which they were cleaned up in a column of silica gel using hexane as the mobile solvent. The cleaned extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The concentrations (μg/L) of dimethyl-, diethyl-, diphenyl-, dibutyl- and di-(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalates ranged from 62.81 ± 18.53;4.74 ± 3.57;2.05 ± 1.80;11.40 ± 5.58 to 141.92 ± 35.8 respectively in the sewer waste. The receiving river had a concentration (μg/L) of 9.17 ± 14.02;0.18 ± 0.31;0.48 ± 0.84;2.84 ± 1.21;61.72 ± 38.35 respectively for dimethyl-, diethyl-, diphenyl-, dibutyl- and di-(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalates. These concentrations were higher than control and far exceeded the USEPA limits of 3 μg/l recom- mended for phthalates in water. Contaminants of aquatic environment by untreated wastes from hospitals has serious implications on public health and environment as human risks for phthalate esters downstream are high and this calls for urgent need to develop strategy to build incentives for compliance in treatment and discharge of wastes into river waters.

关键词： Sewage Treatment phthalates Liquid-Liquid Extraction Clean-Up Effluent Toxicity