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The hypoglycemic potential of phenolics from functional foods and their mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 986-1007页

作者： Oksana Golovinskaia Chin-Kun Wang Department of Nutrition Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaiwan 402China

Long-term postprandial hyperglycemia is a primary risk factor for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,and cardiovascular disease.Chronic hyperglycemia induces the glycation of proteins,oxidative stress,inflammation and increases plasma insulin and lipid concentrations.Insulin resistance is the primary cause of postprandial excursions of blood glucose and lipids.Hyperglycemia can be treated by lowering dietary carbohydrates intake,digestion,and absorption.Various functional foods improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity and inhibitingα-glucosidase in the small intestine.Natural phytochemicals,especially active phenolics are good antioxidants and show anti-inflammatory action and regulate blood glucose.This review aimed to report on hypoglycemic properties of active phenolics from functional foods and their proposed anti-diabetic mechanisms.Nevertheless,further clinical trials are required to confirm the bioavailability,safety,and efficacy of phenolics,especially the dosage and duration of treatment,to avoid adverse effects and give better dietary recommendations.

关键词： phenolics Functional foods Hypoglycemia Insulin resistance Insulin secretion

Inhibitory Interaction and Pharmacological Analyses of Berries phenolics Against Listeria monocytogenes Virulent Protein Internalin B

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023年第1期9卷 71-80页

作者： Abhishek Kumar Archana Vimal Awanish Kumar School of Agriculture Indira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew DelhiIndia Department of Bioengineering Integral University LucknowUttar PradeshIndia Department of Biotechnology National Institute of TechnologyRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Background: Traditional plants, their parts, and phytochemicals obtained from them are beneficial for human beings. They are used as potent antimicrobials, but very little research is conducted on the use of traditional medicine against food-borne infection. Different berry plants are rich in phenolic compounds and conventionally known to have many properties such as antioxidants, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetics. However, only limited polyphenols are known for their antilisterial effect. The present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of phenolic compounds of berries for the treatment of food-borne infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking studies employing the Swiss DOCK server were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds obtained from different varieties of berries. Internalin B(Inl B), a virulence protein of L. monocytogenes was selected as a target. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiling of each test ligand was done through the Swiss ADME tool. Results: Among all the test ligands, p-coumaric acid, epicatechins, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin showed better binding efficiency with the target protein Inl B. The binding energy obtained for quercetin, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechins was-8.93,-8.23,-8.18,-7.58, kcal/mol, respectively. Quercetin and p-coumaric acid were forming 4 H-bonds, whereas chlorogenic acid and epicatechins were forming 3-H bonds inside the binding pocket. Conclusion: In a nutshell, analyses indicated that identified ligands have the potential to block the virulent protein Inl B of L. monocytogenes and help combat Listeria infection. These phenolic compounds could be a substitute for synthetic antimicrobials and can be used in food preservation and combat food-borne diseases. However, future in-depth in vitro and in vivo analysis is needed to get more information on these four phenolic ligands of

关键词： Berry plant internalin B Listeria monocytogenes pharmacological analyses phenolics potent inhibitor traditional medicine

Identification and characterization of phenolics and terpenoids from ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第4期7卷 214-222页

作者： Sunil Kumar Awantika Singh Brijesh Kumar Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow 226031Uttar PradeshIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110025India

Phyllanthus species plants are a rich source of phenolics and widely used due to their medicinal properties. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-QTOFMS/MS) for the identification and characterization of quercetin, kaempferol, ellagic acid and their derivatives in ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Thermo Betasil C_8 column(250 mm×4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as the mobile phase. The identification of diagnostic fragment ions and optimization of collision energies were carried out using 21 reference standards. Totally 51 compounds were identified which include 21 compounds identified and characterized unambiguously by comparison with their authentic standards and the remaining 30 were tentatively identified and characterized in ethanolic extracts of P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. amarus and P.niruri.

关键词： Phyllanthus species HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS phenolics

Optimization of extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第10期14卷 903-915页

作者： Xiao-xin CHEN Xiao-bing WU Wei-ming CHAI Hui-ling FENG Yan SHI Han-tao ZHOU Qing-xi CHEN Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems School of Life Sciences Xiamen University

In this research,the conditions for extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).The extraction abilities of phenolics(EAP) and flavonoids(EAF),the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) free-radical scavenging potential,and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP) were used as quality indicators.The results of single-factor experiments showed that temperature,ethanol concentration,extraction time,and the number of extraction cycles were the main influencing variables,and these provided key information for the central composite design.The results of RSM fitted well to a second degree polynomial model and more than 98% of the variability was explained.The ideal extraction conditions for EAP,EAF,DPPH free-radical scavenging potential,and FRAP were obtained.Considering the four quality indicators overall,the ideal extraction conditions were 58% ethanol at 57 °C for 37 min with three extraction cycles.At the ideal extraction conditions,the values of EAP,EAF,DPPH free-radical scavenging potential,and FRAP were 5.72%,3.09%,58.88 mg ascorbic acid equivalent(AAE)/g dry weight(DW),and 15.86 mg AAE/g DW,respectively.In addition,linear correlations were observed between EAP,EAF,and antioxidant potential.

关键词： Ficus virens phenolics Flavonoids Antioxidants Response surface methodology(RSM)

Molecular and Biochemical Evidence for Phenylpropanoid Synthesis and Presence of Wall-linked phenolics in Cotton Fibers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 626-637页

作者： Ling Fan Wei-Jun Shi Wen-Ran Hu Xinn-Ynn Hao Dong-Mei Wang Hui Yuan Hong-Ying Yan Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi 830091 China Institute of Economic Crops Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi 830091 China

The mature cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） fiber is a single cell with a typically thickened secondary cell wall. The aim of this research was to use molecular, spectroscopic and chemical techniques to investigate the possible occurrence of previously overlooked accumulation of phenolics during secondary cell wall formation in cotton fibers. Relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that GhCAD6 and GhCAD1 were predominantly expressed among seven gene homologs, only GhCAD6 was up-regulated during secondary wall formation in cotton fibers. Phylogenic analysis revealed that GhCAD6 belonged to Class I and was proposed to have a major role in monolignol biosynthesis, and GhCAD1 belonged to Class III and was proposed to have a compensatory mechanism for monolignol biosynthesis. Amino acid sequence comparison showed that the cofactor binding sites of GhCADs were highly conserved with high similarity and identity to bona fide cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases. The substrate binding site of GhCAD1 is different from GhCAD6. This difference was confirmed by the different catalytic activities observed with the enzymes. Cell wall auto-fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and chemical analyses confirmed that phenolic compounds were bound to the cell walls of mature cotton fibers. Our findings may suggest a potential for genetic manipulation of cotton fiber properties, which are of central importance to agricultural, cotton processing and textile industries.

关键词： cell wall cotton fiber gene expression phenolics phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway

Plant phenolics mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 170-184页

作者： Hong-Yu Yan Hong-Gang Guo Yu-Cheng Sun Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites,which play important roles in the interactions among plants,herbivorous insects and natural enemies.However,few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri-trophic interactions under elevated CO2(eCO2).In this study,we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes oiAcyrthosiphon pisum(pink vs.green)and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open-top chambers.Our results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate,nodule number,yield and the total phenolic content of M.truncatula.eCO2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of A.pisum;the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance,fecundity,growth and feeding efficiency,while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein content.Furthermore,eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of A.avenae independent of aphid genotypes.eCO2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype,but little difference,except for increased percentage of females,was observed in A.avenae under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype,indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid hosts.We concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and parasitoids.Our results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic levels.Our results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum:Aphidius avenae elevated CO2 Medicago truncatula' phenolics tri-trophic level

phenolics,tannins,flavonoids and anthocyanins contents influenced antioxidant and anticancer activities of Rubus fruits from Western Ghats,India

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 73-81页

作者： Kasipandi Muniyandi Elizabeth George Saikumar Sathyanarayanan Blassan P.George Heidi Abrahamse Suman Thamburaj Parimelazhagan Thangaraj Bioprospecting Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTamil Nadu 641046India Department of Botany Mar Thoma CollegeChungatharaKerala 679334India Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgP.O.Box 17011Doornfontein 2028South Africa

Rubus fruits are rich in nutrition with a wide range of phytochemical and consumed by humans,but many of its wild varieties are not commercially useful.Phytochemical exploration of these wild fruits could improve the commercial usage of these Rubus species.This study focuses to analyze the phytochemical,antioxidant and cytotoxicity of three wild Rubus ellipticus,R.niveus and R.fairholmianus fruits comparatively,which has not revealed.The in vitro antioxidant studies indicated the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of studied Rubus species competent in scavenging different stable and generated radical.The correlation and regression analysis also statistically supported the contents in the extracts could act against various radicals.Correlation between phytochemical constituent and radical scavenging activity found to be highly positive.The results acquired from this investigation revealed that they are equally competent and could be recommended as dietary supplements or as nutraceuticals.

关键词： Anticancer Antioxidant Flavonoids Nutraceuticals phenolics

Role of phenolics as antioxidants,biomolecule protectors and as anti-diabetic factors-Evaluation on bark and empty pods of Acacia auriculiformis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 757-765页

作者： Arumugam Sathya Perumal Siddhuraju Bioresource Technology Lab Department of Environmental SciencesBharathiar University

Objective:To search for an efficient and inexpensive source of phytoconstituents with antioxidant potential and health promoting traits from bark and empty pods of Acacia auriculiformis （A.auriculiformis）.Methods:Samples of bark and empty pod extracts were analyzed for bioactives（phenolics,flavonoids and proanthocyanidins） and subjected to free radical scavenging activity on DPPH*,ABTS?,OH?,O2*,and NO along with the determination of reducing power, iron chelating activity and peroxidation inhibition.Defensive action of extracts on biomolecules and cell membranes were evaluated by DNA nicking assay and haemolysis inhibition assay respectively,α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory potentials were also determined. Results:All the bioactives analyzed were higher in bark（B） than empty pods（EP）[TPC:B （574.51±16.11）;EP（96.80±3.45） mg GAE/g.TFC:B（94.71±7.65）;EP（24（?）87±20.45） mg RE/g. Proanthocyanidins:B（2.81±0.31）;EP（1.25±0.01） mg LE/100 g DM]except flavonoids.Both the extracts showed higher quenching capacity on DPPH and ABTS（DPPH:B（0.21±0.01）;EP（1.51±0.17） g extract/g DPPH.ABTS:B（111 519.14±79 340.91）;EP（80 232.55±32 894.12） mmol TE/g） with the FRAP of B（84 515.63±3 350.69） and EP（47 940.79±1 257.60） mmol Fe（（?））/g.Iron chelation was not observed.In addition,they showed lower quenching activity on OH?（B（48.95±1.72）;EP（34.94±1.62）%） and equivalent quenching on O2?（B（53.47±3.92）;EP（24.41±2.61）%）,NO（B（49.04±5.04）; EP（51.00±5.13）%）,peroxidation inhibition（B（67.50±5.50）;EP（55.l±2.3）%） and antihaemolytic potential（B（87.60±6.84）%） towards authentic antioxidant standards.Interestingly,Empty pod extracts are devoid of antihaemolytic activity.Both the extracts showed dose dependent DNA protection.Besides this,bark and empty pod extracts exhibited dual inhibiting potential againstα-amylase andα-glucosidase enzymes.Conclusions:On summarization,it insinuated that both bark and empty pods can be used for the preparation of antioxidant/nutraceuti

关键词： phenolics Bark Empty pods Acacia auriculiformis Antioxidant activity TypeⅡdiabetes

In vitro total phenolics,flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil,various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第9期4卷 717-721页

作者： M Amzad Hossain Muhammad Dawood Shah Charles Gnanaraj Muhammad Iqbal Biotechnology Research Institute Universili Malaysia Sabah.Licked Bag No.207388999 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Objective:To detect the in vitro total phenolics,flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil,various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah.Methods:The dry powder leaves of Tetrastigma were extracted with different organic solvent such as hexane.ethyl acetate,chloroform,butanol and aqueous methanol.The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the essential oil and various organic extracts such as hexane,ethyl acetate,chloroform,butanol and aqueous ethanol were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the assayed antioxidant activity was determined in vitro models such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity usingα,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.Results:The total phenolic contents of the essential oil and different extracts as gallic acid equivalents were found to be highest in methanol extract(386.22 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate(190.89 mg/g).chloroform(175.89 mg/g).hexane(173.44 mg/g).and Imtanol extract (131.72 mg/g) and the phenolic contents not detected in essential oil.The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil and different extracts as ascorbic acid standard was in the order of methanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>chloroform>butanol>hexane extract also the antioxidant activity was not detected in essential oil.Conclusions:The findings show that the extent of antioxidant activity of the essential oil and all extracts are in accordance with the amount of phenolics present in that extract.Leaves of Tetrastigma being rich in phenolics may provide a good source of antioxidant.

关键词： Total phenolics Flavonoids Antioxidant aotivity Essential oil Extracts Tetrastigma