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*** on microvessels lead to vascular dysfunction during retinal ischemia

Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 448-448页

作者： Deborah Villafranca-Baughman Luis Alarcón-Martínez Adriana Di Polo Department of Neuroscience University of Montreal Hospital Research Center(CR-CHUM)MontrealQuebecCanada

Background:pericytes are contractile cells that wrap along the walls of *** the brain,pericytes play a crucial role in the regulation of capillary diameter and vascular blood flow in response to metabolic *** ischemia,it has been suggested that pericytes may constrict capillaries,and that pericytes remain constricted after reperfusion thus resulting in impaired blood ***:Here,we used a mouse model of retinal ischemia based on ligation of the central retinal artery to characterize the role of pericytes on capillary *** was induced in transgenic mice carrying the NG2 promoter driving red fluorescent protein expression to selectively visualize pericytes(line NG2:DsRed).Changes in retinal capillary diameter at 1 hr after ischemia were measured ex vivo in whole-mounted retinas from ischemic and control eyes(n=4-6/group)using a stereological *** and pericytes were three-dimensionally reconstructed using IMARIS(Bitplane).Furthermore,we used a novel and minimally invasive two-photon microscopy approach that allowed live imaging of microvasculature changes in the ***:Our data show a generalized reduction in capillary diameter in ischemic retinas relative to sham-operated controls in all vascular plexus(ischemia:4.7±0.2μm,control:5.2±0.2µm,student’s t-test,Ppericyte locations,visualized in NG2:DsRed mice,demonstrated a substantial increase in ischemic retinas relative to the physiological capillary diameter reductions observed in controls(ischemia:1,038±277 constrictions at pericyte locations,control:60±36 constrictions at pericyte locations,student’s t-test,Ppericytes on retinal capillaries during ischemia(n=6-8/group).Conclusions:Collectively,our data demonstrate that ischemia promotes rapid pericyte constriction on retinal capillaries causi

关键词： Ischemia pericyte blood flow regulation in vivo two-photon microscopy

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WJSC 6^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2):Mesenchymal stem cells Brain mesenchymal stem cells:The other stem cells of the brain?

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第2期6卷 134-143页

作者： Florence Appaix Marie-France Nissou Boudewijn van der Sanden Matthieu Dreyfus Franois Berger Jean-Paul Issartel Didier Wion INSERM U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesBatiment Edmond J SafraUniversité Joseph Fourier INSERM U1167 CLINATEC Centre de Recherche Edmond J SafraMINATEC Campus CEA

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells(MSC),have the potential to differentiate into cells of the mesenchymal lineage and have non-progenitor functions including *** demonstration that MSCs are perivascular cells found in almost all adult tissues raises fascinating perspectives on their role in tissue maintenance and ***,some controversies about the physiological role of the perivascular MSCs residing outside the bone marrow and on their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine *** brain,perivascular MSCs like pericytes and adventitial cells,could constitute another stem cell population distinct to the neural stem cell *** demonstration of the neuronal potential of MSCs requires stringent criteria including morphological changes,the demonstration of neural biomarkers expression,electrophysiological recordings,and the absence of cell *** recent finding that brain cancer stem cells can transdifferentiate into pericytes is another facet of the plasticity of these *** suggests that the perversion of the stem cell potential of pericytes might play an even unsuspected role in cancer formation and tumor progression.

关键词： Stem cell Mesenchymal stem cell pericyte Brain Cell plasticity Cancer stem cell Glioma Neurodegenerative disease

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