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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 349-360页

作者： Pei Lei Jinjie Zhu Ke Pan Hong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory cf Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Low-density polyethylene(LDPE)has been widely used as a sorbent for passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs)in aquatic ***,it has seen only limited application in passive sampling for measurement of freely dissolved concentrations of parent and substituted PAHs(SPAHs),which are known to be toxic,mutagenic and ***,the 16 priority PAHs and some typical PAHs were selected as target compounds and were simultaneously determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS).Some batch experiments were conducted in the laboratory to explore the adsorption kinetics of the target compounds in LDPE *** results showed that both PAHs and SPAHs could reach equilibrium status within19–38 days in sorption kinetic *** coefficients of partitioning between LDPE film(50μm thickness)and water(KLDPE)for the 16 priority PAHs were in good agreement with previously reported values,and the values of KLDPEfor the 9 SPAHs are reported in this study for the first *** linear relationships were observed,i.e.,log KLDPE=0.705×log KOW+1.534 for PAHs(R^2=0.8361,ppassive samplers.

关键词： Low-density polyethylene(LDPE) PAHs Substituted PAHs(SPAHs) Freely dissolved concentrations passive sampling

Urban Air Quality Assessment of Kathmandu by passive sampling Technique

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第4期1卷 467-483页

作者： Rejina Maskey Byanju Mohan Bikram Gewali Krishna Manandhar Bidya B. Pradhan Pradeep Dangol Martin Ferm Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan University Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development （ICIMOD） Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Goteborg SE-40014 Sweden

This paper presents an assessment of air quality of the Kathmandu valley, capital city of Nepal. This is the largest urbanized area in the country of about 300 km2. In the last two decades an intensive development of demographic, traffic and industry growth in the region was observed which was reflected on the air quality degradation. In order to evaluate the urban air quality in Kathmandu, a field monitoring network for particle deposition, nitrogen dioxide （NO2） and sulphur dioxide （SO2） by passive sampling with high space resolution was implemented in co-operation with IVL-Sweden. The net work composed of 60 monitoring sites distributed in a grid of 1 × 1 km2 covering all over the main city and some rural valley. Monitoring were carried out for two seasons, rainy and dry as two campaign monitoring. The diffusive samplers were prepared and analyzed in IVL, Sweden. Good agreements in particle deposition between the two campaigns were observed. The particle deposition to the surrogate surface varied between 3 and 608 μg@cm2·monthl for the monitoring periods. The NOz concentrations on the other hand were quite similar in the two campaigns, and the SO2 concentrations were much lower in the first campaign compared to the second. The ranges of NO2 and SO2 concentrations were found to be from 5.6 to 52.6 μg/m3 and 0.6 to 23.4 μg·m-3 respectively. Arc Info/Arc map GIS 9.2 software was used for production of maps of spatial distribution of all the three parameters in the valley. Seasonal variation and traffic influence were also studied. Local meteorological effects in the distribution of pollutants were clearly observed and the NO2 concentrations were strictly related with traffic intensity.

关键词： Urban air quality particle deposition nitrogen dioxide sulphur dioxide passive sampling diffusive sampling.

Impact of environmental factors on the sampling rate ofβ-blockers and sulfonamides from water by a carbon nanotube-passive sampler

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 413-427页

作者： Klaudia Godlewska Aleksandra Jakubus Piotr Stepnowski Monika Paszkiewicz Department of Environmental Analysis Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdanskul.Wita Stwosza 63Gdansk 80-308Poland

passive techniques are a constantly evolving approach to the long-term monitoring of micropollutants,including pharmaceuticals,in the aquatic *** paper presents,for the first time,the calibration results of a new CNTs-PSDs(carbon nanotubes used as a sorbent in passive sampling devices)with an examination of the effect of donor phase salinity,water pH and the concentration of dissolved humic acids(DHAs),using both ultrapure and environmental *** rates(R_(s))were determined for the developed kinetic *** has been observed that the impact of the examined environmental factors on the R_(s) values strictly depends on the type of the *** the case ofβ-blockers,the only environmental parameter affecting their uptake rate was the salinity of water.A certain relationship was noted,namely the higher the salt concentration in water,the lower the Rs values ofβ-*** the case of sulfonamides,water salinity,water pH 7-9 and DHAs concentration decreased the uptake rate of these compounds by *** determined Rs values differed in particular when the values obtained from the experiments carried out using ultrapure water and environmental waters were *** general conclusion is that the calibration of novel CNTs-PSDs should be carried out under physicochemical conditions of the aquatic phase that are similar to the environmental matrix.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes passive sampling Pharmaceuticals sampling rates(R_s)

Sources, distribution, and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in Nairobi City, Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第10期32卷 178-185页

作者： Fred Ayodi Lisouza P.Okinda Owuor Joseph O.Lalah Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Masinde Muliro UniversityP.O.Box 190Kakamega 50100Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno UniversityP.O.Box 333Maseno 40105Kenya Department of Geochemistry&Enuironmental Chemistry Technical Uniuersity of KenyaP.O.Box 52428-00200NairobiKerya

The distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air and surface waters were monitored in Nairobi City using triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SP-MDs).The SPMDs were extracted by dialysis using n-hexane,followed by cleanup by adsorption chromatography on silica gel *** analysis was done by GC-ECD and confirmed by GC–*** of means was achieved by analysis of variance,followed by pair-wise comparison using the t-test (p≤0.05).The total OCPs ranged between 0.018–1.277 ng/m^3 in the air andKibera>Industrial Area>City Square>Ngong’***,these were lower than the USEPA acceptable risks,10^(-6)–10^(-4).This study concluded that atmospheric OCPs did not pose significant cancer risks to the residents.

关键词： Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) passive sampling Water-air fugacity ratio Sources and distribution Risk assessment

A passive sampler for synchronously measuring inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater:Configuration and field application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 201-212页

作者： Pei Lei Mingying Chen Nan Rong Wenzhong Tang Hong Zhang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510530China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Guangzhou 510530China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants,but to date,this needs to be better *** this study,a passive sampler,consisting of an“I-shaped”supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units,incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle,was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic(e.g.,phosphorus and metal(loid)s)and organic pollutants(e.g.,parent and substituted PAHs).The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ *** of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters,i.e.,1 cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants,respectively,were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water *** results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change(e.g.,from“sink”to“source”)during the sampling *** study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive *** addition,it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments.

关键词： passive sampling Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Combined pollution Diffusive flux

Determination of VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site using a homemade low-density polyethylene passive difusion sampler

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2338-2343页

作者： Xu Ma Zhiqiang Tan Long Pang Jingfu Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

A home-made inexpensive passive diffusion bag （PDB） sampler, prepared by filling deionized water in low-density polyethylene （LDPE） tubes, was evaluated for volatile organic compounds （VOC） sampling in groundwater at industrial contamination sites. Impacts of environmentally relevant conditions on the sampling equilibration time and partitioning of VOCs between the sampler and the water sample were investigated. Sample salinity, agitation and temperature can influence the equilibration time, but generally sampling equilibration was obtained in 14 days under real field sampling of VOCs in groundwater. Both laboratory study and field testing in a contaminated site showed that the VOC concentrations in the developed sampler were equal to those in the water samples at equitibrium. Coupled with a purge and trap concentrator-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （P＆T-GC-MS）, the developed PDB sampler provided a low-cost sampling device for routine monitoring of VOCs in groundwater in wells, with LODs in the range of 2.9-10 μg/L. The proposed PDB was applied to determine VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site, and the present results agreed well with those determined using conventional pump-and-sample monitoring. All the studied 13 VOCs were tested in the four wells in the industrial contamination sites, with their concentrations in the range of 12-73660 μg/L. In addition, while benzene and toluene were heavily contaminated up to a maximum concentration of 74000 μg/L and 6000 μg/L, respectively, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and bromobenzene had relatively low contamination levels （below 25 μg/L）.

关键词： equilibration time ground water passive sampling polyethylene diffusion bag volatile organic compounds

Diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) probe for effectively sampling of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in waters and sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 90-97页

作者： Yuanyuan Yang Sisi Liu Runmei Wang Cailin Li Jianhui Tang Tao Chen Guang-Guo Ying Chang-Er Chen Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety&MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China

The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area(3.1 cm^(2)). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area(27 cm^(2)) and as a result lower method quantification limits(0.15 –0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher(by > 10 factors) sampling rate(100 m L/day) compared to the standard DGT(piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling(500m L). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.

关键词： Diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) passive sampling Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS) Sediment Aquatic environments

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements of antibiotics in urban wastewaters

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 211-222页

作者： Ying Cui Feng Tan Yan Wang Suyu Ren Jingwen Chen Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(MOE) School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the *** the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment *** this study,we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films(DGT)method based on molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics,fluoroquinolones(FQs)and sulfonamides(SAs)in urban *** show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs,resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT *** uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH(4.0-9.0),ionic strength(1-750 mmol/L),and dissolved organic matter(DOM,0-20 mg/L).MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials,where three SA(sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,and trimethoprim)and one FQ(ofloxacin)antibiotics were detected,with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L,which are consistent with the results measured by grab *** total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1%by the treatment *** study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.

关键词： Diffusive gradients in thin films Molecularly imprinted polymers Selective uptake Antibiotics passive sampling

A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 260-281页

作者： Yuan Meng Weiyi Liu Xiaohui Liu Jinlan Zhang Meng Peng Tingting Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research CenterBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential *** have wide octanol-water partition coefficients(K_(ow))and different ionization constants(pK_(a))resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency.A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the *** study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years:from sampling to instrumental *** sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation.A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly *** methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK_(ow)(-7.53 to 10.80)were summed ***-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products,which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass *** strategies and mass change principles were summarized in *** recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review,including sample matrix,target compounds characteristics,extraction method and solid-phase *** review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.

关键词： Pharmaceutical and personal care products Transformation products passive sampling Extraction High-resolution mass spectrometry

Effect of soil pH on the sorption capacity of soil organic matter for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in unsaturated soils

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 365-371页

作者： Pil-Gon KIM Abhrajyoti TARAFDAR Jung-Hwan KWON Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul 02841(Korea)

Sorption by soil organic matter(SOM)is considered the most important process affecting the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic chemicals(HOCs)in *** sorption capacity of SOM for HOCs is affected by many environmental *** this study,we investigated the effects of soil pH and water saturation level on HOC sorption capacity of SOM using batch sorption *** of soil organic carbon-water partition coefficient(K_(OC))of six selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were measured in an artificial soil under various soil pH and water saturation *** sampling was used to measure K_(OC)with polydimethylsiloxane as the sampling *** of soil pH,K_(OC)increased with increasing soil water saturation level for lower-molecular-weight *** contrast,K_(OC)decreased with increasing soil water saturation level for higher-molecular-weight *** some fluctuations,K_(OC)tended to decrease with increasing soil pH at all water saturation *** indicates that earlier studies on the effects of soil pH on K_(OC)under saturated conditions could be extended to unsaturated *** K_(OC)tendencies were reproduced in three different natural soils,suggesting that the effects of soil water saturation level and pH might be generalized,at least for *** PAH sorption capacity of SOM was found to be resilient under dynamic soil pH conditions,which can be used to adjust the effects of soil pH.

关键词： contaminated soil hydrophobic organic chemical partition coefficient passive sampling pollutant soil water saturation level