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Malaria parasitaemia and disorders of plasma electrolytes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 34-37页

作者： Idogun ES Airauhi LU Department of Chemical Pathology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenincityEdo-StateNigeria Department of Medical Microbiology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenincityEdo-StateNigeria

Objective:To assess the plasma electrolyte status of patients with diagnosis of malaria but without the symptoms of diarrhea,vomiting or altered sensorium and correlation of the plasma electrolyte changes and the degree of parasitaemia. Methods:All the participants were adults,who met the clinical case definition of malaria but without the symptoms of diarrhea,vomiting or other medical *** slides were screened microscopically for malaria parasite and the parasite positive patients were grouped into A(mild),B(moderate) and C(heavy) malaria parasiteamia, depending on the malaria parasite count per high power microscopic *** sodium,potassium and chloride were estimated using the ion selective electrode method,while bicarbonate ions were determined by simple titration ***:A total of 200 subjects were studied which comprised of 150 patients and 50 *** mean plasma sodium was significantly lower in patients with heavy parasitaemia[group C,(128.8±1.2) mmol/L] compared to those with mild and moderate parasitemia[(133.5±2.8) mmol/L and(133.5±3.5) mmol/L,Pparasitaemia(group C) than those patients of group A and B(Pparasitaemia is heavy.

关键词： Malaria parasitaemia Plasma electrolytes Disorders

Evaluation of Malaria parasitaemia and Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Women Attending Health Facilities in Owerri Metropolis towards Malaria Prevention and Control

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第5期9卷 62-78页

作者： Chinyere Ihuarulam Okoro Francis Chukwuebuka Ihenetu Kingsley Ihedioha Achigbu Sonny Johnbull Ogboi Kingsley Excel Dunga Chidera Chisom Obasi Chidinma O. Akanazu Department of Microbiology/Parasitology Federal Medical Center Owerri Nigeria Department of Microbiology Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Center Owerri Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Madonna University Elele Nigeria Department of Public Health Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

There are a few investigations on malaria in pregnancy;however, examinations zeroing in on the discernment and current acts of malaria counteraction and treatment among pregnant women are scanty. This examination was pointed toward evaluating the information, recognitions about malaria anticipation with accentuation on information about placental malaria too consistence to utilization of LLIN and IPTP among pregnant women in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at an emergency department, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri using a pretested questionnaire from 200 randomly selected consenting pregnant women. Acknowledgment of malaria manifestations during pregnancy, information about IPTP and placenta malaria were things used to survey the degree of information about malaria in pregnancy. Their blood tests were additionally diagnosed for malaria parasitaemia. Malaria prevalence in the examination populace by microscopy was 13.5%. Additionally 62% of the respondents were learned about the conceivable impeding impacts of the existences of malaria during pregnancy. About 79.5% of the respondent decidedly related mosquitoes to malaria contamination while 31% and 14% related reason for malaria disease to messy encompassing and stale water individually. Malaria Prevention Mentality and Practice in this examination was acceptable (60%) while 18.5% had reasonable practice. All the more so and 15.5% of the respondents had been associated with helpless practice. About 34% of the pregnant ladies rested under a mosquito net frequently study watched factual criticalness between age, occupation and malaria counteraction rehearses (p = 0.014, 0.0089). There was likewise measurably huge relationship between respondent’s training and respondent mentality (p = 0.0034). Information with respect to the utilization of Sulphodaxine primethamine (SP) as medication of decision during pregnancy was restricted (12.0%) as utilization of chloroquine was p

关键词： Malaria parasitaemia Pregnant Women Knowledge Practice

Could the Level in parasitaemia of <i>Plasmodium</i>Determine Sensitivity to Various Diagnostic Tests?

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2020年第3期10卷 224-245页

作者： Obed Nanjul Goselle Godwin Yandu Ajiji Anvou Jambol Joseph Terhema Sunday Ojochemi Sunday Idoko Shedrach Sunday Udoh Oliseemeka Charles Ejete Yahaya Mbaya Ahmadu Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode Godwin Nyiutaha Imandeh Bernard Malau Matur Applied Entomology and Parasitology Unit Department of Zoology University of Jos Jos Nigeria National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Nigeria Health and Development Support Programme Jos Nigeria Department of Zoology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Zoology Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria

The discovery of Plasmodium parasites and its incrimination as the principal cause of malaria in humans has continued to excite researchers towards inventing possible easier methods of diagnosing and identifying these pathological agents in order to mitigate, control and eliminate its continuous scourge to humanity. Currently, three diagnostic methods have been proposed, but agreements as to whether the level of parasitaemia in an individual could connote likely confirmations in the three methods i.e. gold standard, RDTs’ and PCR/NESTED PCR, have continued to be a subject of debate. To lay to rest the debate as reported in many studies, we collected blood samples from 100 symptomatic patients who reported to the Jos-Nigeria hospital and using the gold standard methods, we were able to confirm that 30 (30%) samples out of the 100 blood samples collected were positive to P. falciparum, chiefly recorded among duffy-negative Africans. Excited with our findings, we prepared the thick blood films for each sample and used it to estimate the levels of parasitaemia (parasites density) per μl of blood (i.e. 1+;2+;3+ and 4+) per 100 high power fields (|HPF). We then subjected the individually confirmed parasite density samples to the other two methods i.e. Rapid Diagnostic Test (one-step RTD and optimal-IT® RDT) and to molecular assay (PCR and the nested PCR). Interestingly, of the 30 positive samples, 18 (60%) were confirmed positive to the one-step and optimal-IT® RDTS, while 3 (30%) out of the 10 (100%) samples of various parasite density subjected to molecular assay (PCR and the nested PCR) were positive to only P. falciparum. Statistical analysis of variance based on single factor computed using SPSS indicates a no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the parasitaemia levels of the four groups/categories of patients;i.e.

关键词： Plasmodium parasitaemia Diagnostic Tests Malaria Sensitivity

Clinical features of severe malaria:Protective effect of mixed plasmodial malaria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第1期7卷 4-9页

作者： Bagus Hermansyah Loeki Enggar Fitri Teguh Wahju Sardjono Agustina Tri Endharti Samsul Arifin Niniek Budiarti Didi Candradikusuma Erma Sulistyaningsih Nicole Berens-Riha Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JemberJemberEast JavaIndonesia Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BrawijayaMalangEast JavaIndonesia Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BrawijayaMalangEast JavaIndonesia Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicineDr.Saiful Anwar HospitalEast JavaIndonesia Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity ofBrawijayaMalangEast JavaIndonesia Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Medical Centre of the University of Munich(LMU)Leopoldstrasse580802MunichGermany

Objective: To investigate clinically severe malaria patients with Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum), Plasmodium vivax(P. vivax) and mixed species ***: This study was conducted at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang,Indonesia, from December 2011 to May 2013. Twenty nine patients(mean age of 41 years, 22% female), who suffered from severe malaria according to World Health Organization criteria(major and minor) and other criteria based on previous studies, were selected by consecutive sampling. Blood samples were obtained at admission from peripheral blood for microscopic diagnostic, nested PCR and laboratory examination of blood chemistry. Laboratory results were compared between the groups and correlated to each ***: From 29 samples, eight(28%) were diagnosed as P. falciparum mono-infection,12(41%) as P. vivax mono-infection and nine(31%) as mixed infections, confirmed by PCR. Cerebral malaria occurred in P. falciparum or mixed species infection only. parasitaemia was highest in P. falciparum mono-infection. Mean haemoglobin was significantly lower in P. falciparum than P. vivax infection(P = 0.01). Mean thrombocyte count(77 138/m L) was low in all groups. Mean urea, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin were significantly higher in P. falciparum mono-infection compared to other groups, whereas aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase showed no significant differences. parasitaemia was positively correlated with an increase in urea, creatinine, bilirubin and leucocytosis in all ***: Both Plasmodium species can solely or in combination cause severe malaria. Mixed infection was generally more benign than P. falciparum mono-infection and seemed to have some protective effects.

关键词： parasitaemia Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Severe malaria Serum creatinine level Mixed infections

Effect of pre-existing Schistosoma haematobium infection on Plasmodium berghei multiplications in imprinting control region mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第6期5卷 486-490页

作者： Benjamin Amoani Elvis Ofori Ameyaw Du-Bois Asante Francis Ackah Armah James Prah Collins Paa Kwesi Botchey Johnson Nyarko Boampong Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences University of Cape Coast Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana University of Cape Coast Hospital

Objective: To investigate the effect of pre-existing Schistosoma haematobium(S. haematobium) infection on malaria disease ***: The study involved the use of twenty-i ve imprinting control region mice, i fteen of which were initially infected with S. haematobium. Five of the remaining ten schistouninfected mice together with i ve schisto-infected mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) after four weeks(acute stage) of schistosoma infection. The remaining i ve schisto-uninfected mice together with i ve schisto-infected mice were also infected with P. berghei after seven weeks(chronic stage) of schistosoma infection. The last i ve schistoinfected mice were used as control group. They were then monitored for changes in P. berghei parasitaemia on Days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 post-infection. Records on their survivability were also ***: The co-infected mice had signii cantly higher malaria parasitaemia, compared with the mono-infected mice during acute S. haematobium infection. In contrast, the co-infected mice had signii cantly lower malaria parasitaemia during chronic S. haematobium infection and a higher survival ***: Co-infection of mice with P. berghei during acute S. haematobium infection resulted in rapid P. berghei development and increased malaria parasitaemia. However, the co-infection resulted in slower P. berghei development and decreased malaria parasitaemia with enhanced survivability of the mice during chronic S. haematobium infection. Therefore, pre-existing chronic S. haematobium infection may provide some protection to the host by reducing parasitaemia.

关键词： Schistosoma haematobium Plasmodium berghei parasitaemia Survivability

Antiplasmodial and antiulcer activities of Melanthera scadens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第1期2卷 16-20页

作者： Jude E Okokon Ette O Etebong John A Udobang Jackson Obot Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Uyo

Objective:To evaluate the antimalarial and antiulcerogenic activities ofleaf exlracl and fractions of Melanthera scandens(***).Methods:The crude leaf extract(37-111 mg/kg)and fractions(chloroform,ethylacetale and methanol;78 mg/kg)of *** were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for antiulcer activity against experimentally-induced *** antimalarial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic was ***(5 mg/kg)and pyrimethamine(1.2 mg/kg)were used as positive *** films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the *** activity of the crude extract was also evaluated against indomethacin,ethanol and histamine induced ***:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in *** reductions were statistically significant(P<0.00l),They also improved the mean survival time(MST)from 9.28 to 17.73 days as compared with the control(P<0.0l-0.001).The activities of extract/fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs *** and *** experimentally-induced ulcers,the extract inhibited indomethacin,ethanol and histamine induced *** inhibitions were statistically significant(P<0.001)and in a dose-dependent ***:The antiplasmodial and antiulcerogenic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.

关键词： Melanthera scadens Antiplasmodial activity Antiulcer activity Antimalarial activity Antiulcerogenic activity Chemical constituent parasitaemia Plasmodium berghei Artesunate Indomethacin Pyrimethamine

A comparative laboratory diagnosis of malaria:microscopy versus rapid diagnostic test kits

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第4期2卷 307-310页

作者： Azikiwe CCA Ifezulike CC Siminialayi IM Amazu LU Enye JC Nwakwunite OE Department of Pharmacology Anambra State University Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt Department of Immunology/Parasitology Madonna University

Objective:To compare the two methods of rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)and microscopy in the diagnosis of ***:RDTs and microscopy were carried out to diagnose malaria. Percentage malaria parasitaemia was calculated on thin films and all non-acute cases of plasmodiasis with less than 0.001%malaria parasitaemia were regarded as *** were simply presented as percentage positive of the total number of patients under *** results of RDTs were compared to those of microscopy while those of RDTs based on antigen were compared to those of RDTs based on ***' follow-up was made for all ***: All the 200 patients under present study tested positive to RDTs based on malaria antibodies(serum)method(100%).128 out of 200 tested positive to RDTs based on malaria antigen(whole blood)method(64%),while 118 out of 200 patients under present study tested positive to visual microscopy of Lieshman and diluted Giemsa(59%).All patients that tested positive to microscopy also tested positive to RDTs based on *** patients on the second day of follow-up were non-febrile and had antimalaria ***;We conclude based on the present study that the RDTs based on malaria antigen(whole blood)method is as specific as the traditional microscopy and even appears more sensitive than *** RDTs based on antibody(serum)method is unspecific thus it should not be *** is most likely that Africa being an endemic region,formation of certain levels of malaria antibody may not be *** present study also supports the opinion that a good number of febrile cases is not due to malaria. We support WHO's report on cost effectiveness of RDTs but,recommend that only the antigen based method should possibly,be adopted in Africa and other malaria endemic regions of the world.

关键词： Rapid diagnostic tests Microscopy Malaria diagnosis Malaria parasitaemia Plasmodiasis Antigen Antibody Antimalaria Serum Whole blood

Effect of a Malaria Control Program on the Prevalence of Malaria, Fever and Anaemia in Children under Five Years in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana: A Comparative Analysis of Cross-Sectional Surveys

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2015年第4期5卷 180-188页

作者： Margaret Kweku Eric Kwaku Appiah Wisdom Takramah Yeetey Enuameh Ishmael Norman Fred Binka School of Public Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Epidemiology Surveillance and Disease Control 37 Military Hospital Accra Ghana Institute for Security Disaster and Emergency Studies Sandpiper Place Langma Ghana Chancellery University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana

Background: Malaria and anaemia continue to adversely impact the health of children in Ghana. Hohoe is an area of intense and prolonged, seasonal malaria transmission. In 2006, malaria control programme activities which provided In-secticide Treated Bed-Nets (ITNs) to resident children under five years and Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the management of malaria were introduced into the Hohoe Municipality. Before the introduction of the control programme, baseline surveys were carried out in communities in the Hohoe municipality to determine the prevalence of malaria, fever, anaemia, malaria parasite density, gametocytaemia and ITN ownership and use in June and November 2006 ahead of the intervention programme. Similar surveys were conducted in 2010 after the intervention to assess changes in the earlier indicators in the same communities. This report presents an evaluation of the intervention by comparing findings before and after the malaria control interventions. Methods: In 2010, two community-based surveys were carried out in thirty communities among children aged five years and below. The first one was at the beginning of the rainy and high malaria transmission season in June and the other was in November at the end of the rainy season. The surveys were to determine the prevalence of malaria, fever, anaemia and ITN ownership, use and effectiveness among children less than 5 years. Data were collected in the form of interviews using questionnaire and collection of biological samples. Findings were compared to those similar surveys conducted in the same communities and age groups in 2006. Pr-testi was used to analyze two sample tests for proportions and t-test was used for means. Findings: Malaria prevalence decreased by 20% [9.0% vs. 7.2%;p = 0.0.40], fever decreased by 47.8% [2.3% vs. 1.2%;p = 0.008] and anaemia decreased by 32.9% [7.8% vs. 5.3%;p = 0.002]. ITN ownership increased by 67.9% [20.8% vs. 64.8%;p < 0.001], ITN use increased by 64.2% [

关键词： Malaria parasitaemia Mean Parasite Density Anaemia Fever Malaria Transmission Gametocytaemia Insecticide Treated BedNets Children under Five Years Hohoe Municipality Ghana

Prevalence of Gestational Malaria in Kisangani,Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第10期8卷 854-866页

作者： Noel Labama Otuli Jean-Didier Bosenge Nguma Maindo A.Mike-Antoine Antoine Modia O’yandjo Gedeon Katenga Bosunga Joris Losimba Likwela Jean-Pascal Manga Okenge Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Gestational malaria is a major public health problem because it is a threat to pregnant women and their children. As Kisangani is a stable malaria transmission area and there is a paucity of data on the status of gestational malaria in our settings, we have found it appropriate to determine the prevalence of gestational malaria and its determinants in Kisangani City. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in Kisangani from January 1 to September 30, 2017. Our population study consisted of 1248 parturients recruited at delivery. We made the thick drop in peripheral blood from parturients at the admission and at the level of placental impressions after delivery. Results: The average age of the respondents was 25.3971 ± 6.2452 years;the overall prevalence of gestational malaria was 27.56% including 12.66% peripheral parasitaemia, 12.34% placental parasitaemia and 2.56% parasitaemia level and placental and peripheral blood impressions. Youngest age ≤ 18 years [OR (95% CI) = 2.44 (1.75 - 3.41), p 0.001], primiparity [OR (95% CI) = 2.94 (2.00 - 4.32), p 0.001] and positive HIV serology [OR (95% CI) = 3.01 (1.23 - 7.43), p = 0.008] increased the risk of gestational malaria;the use of mosquito net impregnated with insecticide [OR (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.14 - 0.61), p 0.001] reduced this risk. Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational malaria is 27.56% in Kisangani. The youngest age ≤ 18 years, the primiparity and positive HIV serology of pregnant women were the most associated risk factors.

关键词： Gestational Malaria Thick Drop Placental Imprint parasitaemia Kisangani