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Lack of ethylene does not affect reproductive success and synergid cell death in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2022年第2期15卷 354-362页

作者： Wenhao Li Qiyun Li Mohan Lyu Zhijuan Wang Zihan Song Shangwei Zhong Hongya Gu Juan Dong Thomas Dresselhaus Sheng Zhong Li-Jia Qu State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People's Republic of China The National Plant Gene Research Center(Beijing) Beijing 100101People's Republic of China The Waksman Institute of Microbiology Rutgers the State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry University of Regensburg93053 RegensburgGermany

The signaling pathway of the gaseous hormone ethylene is involved in plant reproduction,growth,devel-opment,and stress responses.During reproduction,the two synergid cells of the angiosperm female gametophyte both undergo programmed cell death(pcd)/degeneration but in a different manner:pcd/degeneration of one synergid facilitates pollen tube rupture and thereby the release of sperm cells,while pcd/degeneration of the other synergid blocks supernumerary pollen tubes.Ethylene signaling was postu-lated to participate in some of the synergid cell functions,such as pollen tube attraction and the induction of pcd/degeneration.However,ethylene-mediated induction of synergid pcd/degeneration and the role of ethylene itself have not been firmly established.Here,we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the five ethylene-biosynthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO)genes and created Arabidopsis mutants free of ethylene production.The ethylene-free mutant plants showed normal triple responses when treated with ethylene rather than 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid,but had increased lateral root density and enlarged petal sizes,which are typical phenotypes of mutants defective in ethylene signaling.Using these ethylene-free plants,we further demonstrated that production of ethylene is not necessarily required to trigger pcd/degeneration of the two synergid cells,but certain com-ponents of ethylene signaling including transcription factors ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3(EIN3)and EIN3-LIKE 1(EIL1)are necessary for the death of the persistent synergid cell.

关键词： ethylene ACC pcd synergid cells triple response Arabidopsis

三菱化学生物基pcd用于西铁城手表表带制造

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聚氨酯工业 2024年第2期39卷 39-39页

三菱化学集团宣布,其生物基聚碳酸酯二醇(pcd)BENEBiOL因具有高耐用性和环保型的特点,被西铁城手表有限公司选中,用于生产制造2024年秋冬PROMASTER型号手表的表带。BENEBiOL具有全新的化学结构,生物基含量高达93%。此外,它还具有优于传... 详细信息

三菱化学集团宣布,其生物基聚碳酸酯二醇(pcd)BENEBiOL因具有高耐用性和环保型的特点,被西铁城手表有限公司选中,用于生产制造2024年秋冬PROMASTER型号手表的表带。BENEBiOL具有全新的化学结构,生物基含量高达93%。此外,它还具有优于传统石油基pcd的耐用性和耐化学性,可以作为油漆和涂料、弹性体以及合成革的关键成分应用于汽车、家具、户外装备中。PROMASTER是专业运动手表中的标志性产品,以其在海、陆、空等极端户外环境中的卓越耐用性和可靠性而闻名。凭借该产品,三菱化学集团成为全球首个开发生物质基pcd的公司。

关键词：三菱化学标志性产品耐化学性聚碳酸酯二醇户外环境石油基 pcd PROM

Systemic pcd occurs in TMV-tomato interaction

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第11期51卷 1009-1019页

作者： ZHOU ShuMin, LIU WenNa, KONG LinAn & WANG Mao College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China College of Biological Sciences China Agriculture University Beijing China

In hypersensitive response (HR), programmed cell death (pcd) is reported as a powerful defense mechanism in plant immune responses to pathogen. However, little is known about the pcd in sys-temic acquired resistance (SAR). Using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to infect the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Jiafen 16) we found that localized TMV-infection could induce cell death in the uninoculated parts of the tomatoes, where the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed no spreading virus. The biological and molecular characterization of this cell death was shown as fol-lowing: chromatin condensed and formed peripheral conglomeration in nuclei; cell nucleus were TUNEL positive labeled; genomic DNA was fragmented and showed DNA laddering; mitochondria and chloroplast were disrupted; tonoplast and plasma membrane were shrunk and degradated. These re-sults suggested that with an absence of TMV spread, the local TMV-infection on certain tomato leaves could induce systemic pcd in the root-tips, stem-apices and uninoculated leaves. The systemic pcd has various initiation and synchronization in such tissues and is distinct in inducement and exhibition from HR-pcd and SAR.

关键词： programmed cell death systemic pcd TUNEL assay DNA ladder TMV tomato

A Kinase-Phosphatase-Transcription Factor Module Regulates Adventitious Root Emergence in Arabidopsis Root-Hypocotyl Junctions

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Molecular Plant 2020年第8期13卷 1162-1177页

作者： Zechen Bai Jing Zhang Xin Ning Hailong Guo Xiumei Xu Xiahe Huang Yingchun Wang Zhubing Hu Congming Lu Lixin Zhang Wei Chi Photosynthesis Research Center Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNanxincun 20XiangshanBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng 475001China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong 271018China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Adventitious roots form from non-root tissues as part of normal development or in response to stress or wounding.The root primordia form in the source tissue,and during emergence the adventitious roots penetrate the inner cell layers and the epidermis;however,the mechanisms underlying this emergence remain largely unexplored.Here,we report that a regulatory module composed of the AP2/ERF transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4(ABI4),the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK6,and the phosphatase PP2C12 plays an important role in the emergence of junction adventitious roots(J-ARs)from the root-hypocotyl junctions in Arabidopsis thaliana.ABI4 negatively regulates J-AR emergence,preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and death of epidermal cells,which would otherwise facilitate J-AR emergence.Phosphorylation by MPK3/MPK6 activates ABI4 and dephosphorylation by PP2C12 inactivates ABI4.MPK3/MPK6 also directly phosphorylate and inactivate PP2C12 during J-AR emergence.We propose that this"double-check"mechanism increases the robustness of MAP kinase signaling and finely regulates the local programmed cell death required for J-AR emergence.

关键词： ABI4 MPK3/MPK6 PP2C12 adventitious root root-hypocotyl junction pcd

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae uses XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第4期60卷 341-357页

作者： Madhvi Soni Kalyan K.Mondal Division of Plant Pathology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae （Xap） causing bacterial blight is an important pathogen that incurs significant losses to the exportability of pomegranate. Xap uses the Xop TTSS-effector, via the type three secretion system, to suppress pomegranate immunity. Here, we investigate the role of XopL during blight pathogenesis. We observed that XopL is essential for its in planta growth and full virulence. Leaves inoculated with Xap AxopL produced restricted water-soaked lesions compared to those inoculated with wild-type Xap. XopL supports Xap for its sustained multiplication in pomegranate by suppress- ing the plant cell death （pcd） event. We further demon- strated that XopL suppresses immune responses, such as callose deposition and production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that immune responsive genes were upregulated when challenged with Xap AxopL, whereas upregulation of such genes was compromised in the complemented strain containing the xopL gene. The transiently expressed XopL：：EYFP fusion protein was local- ized to the plasma membrane, indicating the possible site of its action. Altogether, this study highlights that XopL is an important TTSS-effector of Xap that suppresses plant immune responses, including pcd, presumably to support the multiplication of Xap for a sufficient time-period during blight disease development.

关键词： punicae uses XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity Xanthomonas axonopodis pv pcd

花前和花期灌水对库尔勒香梨萼筒活性氧代谢和细胞程序性死亡的影响

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果树学报 2023年第10期40卷 2124-2135页

作者：陈磊王浩陈燕郑强卿王振东王文军包建平塔里木大学园艺与林学学院新疆阿拉尔843300 库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室新疆阿拉尔843300

【目的】研究花前和花期灌水对库尔勒香梨萼片脱落的影响。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试材,通过测定香梨果实萼片脱萼率、土壤含水量、短果枝水势、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量以及抗氧化酶活性,并通过显微观察、DNA ladder... 详细信息

【目的】研究花前和花期灌水对库尔勒香梨萼片脱落的影响。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试材,通过测定香梨果实萼片脱萼率、土壤含水量、短果枝水势、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量以及抗氧化酶活性,并通过显微观察、DNA ladder检测、DAPI染色和TUNEL标记等证明萼片脱落的细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death,pcd)特征。【结果】不灌水(对照)的土壤含水量低于休眠期和大蕾期灌水处理且处于持续下降趋势;通过对比大蕾期后10 d和大蕾期后20 d和对照的短果枝水势变化,不灌水(对照)短果枝水势下降幅度最小,为-0.20 MPa,并且土壤含水量和短果枝水势与脱萼率呈显著负相关。随着干旱胁迫的加剧,对照萼筒·OH清除率、O_(2)^(-)·生成速率和H_(2)O_(2)含量分别显著升高了46.24%、36.12%和53.84%,而对于超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性则显著下降了45.57%、69.76%和62.47%。相关性分析表明,脱萼率与活性氧含量呈显著正相关,与抗氧化酶活性呈显著负相关。【结论】随着干旱胁迫的加剧,萼筒ROS含量升高导致抗氧化酶无法清除从而影响萼筒离区发育,影响pcd进程,促进香梨萼片脱落。研究结果表明香梨花期干旱胁迫不灌水更能促进脱萼发生。

关键词：库尔勒香梨物候期灌水 ROS 抗氧化酶 pcd

Thermal residual stress of polycrystalline diamond compacts

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第2期20卷 227-232页

作者：陈枫徐根马春德徐国平 Testing Center Central South University School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University King-ray New Materials Science&Technology Co. Ltd.

Thermal residual stresses in polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter arising from the difference in thermal expansion between the polycrystalline diamond(pcd)and the supporting tungsten carbide substrate after sintering at high pressure and high temperature were investigated using finite element simulation,laboratory tests and theoretical analysis.The obtained results show that although compressive residual stresses exist both in the interface of pcd table and in the most region of pcd table surface, the tensile residual stress,which is a fatal shortage to PDC,can also occur near the outer diameter area of pcd table,and the maximum value is 690 MPa.Distribution of tensile stress in the pcd table is given through experimental results,which is well consistent with the numerical results.This finding may be significant in designing new PDC cutters with lower residual stress and high cutting behavior.

关键词：热残余应力聚晶金刚石 PDC刀具实验室试验压缩残余应力有限元模拟 pcd 硬质合金

Effects of initial crystal size of diamond powder on surface residual stress and morphology in polycrystalline diamond (pcd) layer

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第1期54卷 98-101页

作者： JIA HongSheng JIA XiaoPeng XU Yue WAN LianRu JIE KaiKai MA HongAn State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Test Science Experiment Center Jilin University Changchun 130021 China

Polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDC) were synthesized using diamond powder of average crystal size 3-20 μm by the Ni 70 Mn 25 Co 5 alloy infiltration technique at high temperature and high pressure (HPHT).The surface residual stress of polycrystalline diamond (pcd) layer was measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy with hydrostatic stress model and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Measurements of the stress levels of pcds show that the residual compressive stresses range from 0.12 to 0.22 GPa,which increase with the crystal size of diamond.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of initial diamond grains and pcd cross-section.The results indicate that pcd has a dense and interlaced microstructure with diamond-diamond (D-D) direct bonding.And the smaller the crystal size of diamond,the better the growth of diamond direct bonding and the smaller the binder metal between diamond boundaries will be.

关键词：聚晶金刚石表面残余应力金刚石晶体断面形态 pcd 金刚石粉末平均晶粒尺寸扫描电子显微镜

Improved Charge-Collection Efficiency in pcdTBT:PC_(71)BM-Based Solar Cells via CS_(2)Solvent Vapor Annealing

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第6期30卷 237-240页

作者：方刚吴江付莹莹孟斌谢志元郭世杰 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021

Photo-generated charge collection is strongly correlated with the alignment and connectivity of the individual domains of donor and acceptor in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells.It is found that CS_(2)vapor annealing on pcdTBT:PC71BM(1:4)blend effectively improves the hole-transport pathways of pcdTBT domains,which reduces accumulation of photo-generated charges and improves charge collection efficiency.The pcdTBT:PC71BM-based solar cells with the active layer subjected to CS_(2)vapor annealing demonstrate a high fill factor of 0.71–0.73 and a power conversion efficiency of 6.68%,about a 10%increase in comparison with the control cell.

关键词： pcd annealing Solar