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Evolutionary Profile of opportunistic infections in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus during Six Months of Dolutegravir Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第2期13卷 47-56页

作者： Berry Ikolango Bongenya Marie-Thérèse Ayane Safi Sombo Benoit Oben Kabengele Guy Makila Mabe Bumoko Erick Ntambwe Kamangu “HIV/AIDS Focus” Research Group Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Service of Molecular Biochemistry Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: opportunistic infections (OI), which are still a major problem in the care of People Living with HIV (PLHIV), occur in situations of immunosuppression. The AntiRetroViral Treatments (ART) used allow a spectacular reduction in the frequency of opportunistic infections. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the evolution of opportunistic infections in People Living with HIV under AntiRetroViral Treatment in Kinshasa in the era of Dolutegravir. Methods: The present study is a prospective cohort to present the evolutionary profile of OIs in PLHIV on ART for 6 months in Outpatient Treatment Centers (OTC) in Kinshasa. Sixteen OTCs had been included. The population of the present work was patients over 18 years of age at inclusion, infected with HIV-1 and initiating ART in the selected OTC. Results: On inclusion, 119 patients were included of which 56.3% were women. Malaria (45.4%), tuberculosis (29.4%) and cutaneous pruritus (23.5%) were the most common opportunistic infections (OIs). In the third month of ART, 37 patients came for the consultation of which 70.3% were women. Non-specific STIs (97.3%), skin pruritus (37.8%) and malaria (24.3%) were the dominant OIs among patients. At the sixth month of ART, 62 patients came for the medical consultation of which 61.3% were women. Skin pruritus (25.8%), dermatitis (22.6%) and rash (21%) were the most common OIs. Conclusion: The evolutionary profile is marked by the conservation of opportunistic infections such as dermatitis (pruritus and rashes) and malaria.

关键词： opportunistic infections ART Initiation PLHIV Kinshasa

Distribution Characteristics of Drug Susceptibility Test Results of Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Bacilli in Patients with opportunistic infections of AIDS

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2021年第4期9卷 256-265页

作者： Qing Lin Lida Mo Xiaoye Su Lihua Qin Guosheng Su Department of Infectious Diseases People’s Hospital of Debao County Debao China Department of Medical Laboratory Science Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University Nanning China Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center Nanning China Department of Nursing Graduate College of Eternity University of the Philippines Quezon City Philippines Department of Critical Care Medicine Fuzhou Second People’s Hospital Fuzhou China The People’s Hospital of the Guangxi-ASEAN Economic and Technological Development Zone Nanning China The First Department of Internal Medicine Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital Nanning China Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of Laboratory Medicine The People’s Hospital of the Guangxi-ASEAN Economic and Technological Development Zone Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital Nanning China

Objective: To understand the distribution of drug susceptibility test results of opportunistic infections of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous bacilli in AIDS patients. Methods: The AIDS patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019 were collected as the research objects, and patients with opportunistic tuberculosis and non-tuberculous bacilli from AIDS patients were screened for drug susceptibility tests, and the distribution characteristics of drug susceptibility were analyzed. Results: 179 strains of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from the specimens of AIDS patients, including 135 cases of tuberculosis mycobacteria and 44 cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. In the results of the drug susceptibility test, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed sensitivity to commonly used drugs, and a few strains showed resistance;most strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria showed resistance, and a few strains showed sensitivity. Conclusion: AIDS opportunistic infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria have significant differences in drug sensitivity test results. Timely detection and analysis are of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment

关键词： AIDS opportunistic infections Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

Insights into gastrointestinal manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus:A narrative review

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 51-62页

作者： Pratiksha Moliya Anmol Singh Navdeep Singh Vikash Kumar Aalam Sohal Department of Transplant Hepatology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 69198United States Department of Medicine Tristar Centennial Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37203United States Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegeAmritsar 143001PunjabIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85012United States

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)modifies CD4-positive cells,resulting in immunodeficiency and a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI)*** burden of HIV-related GI illnesses has significantly evolved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy(ART).While ART has effectively reduced the occurrence of opportunistic infections,it has led to an increase in therapy-related GI *** esophageal conditions in HIV patients include gastroesophageal reflux disease,idiopathic esophageal ulcers,herpes simplex virus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and candidal ***’s sarcoma,a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,may affect the entire GI *** and peptic ulcer disease are also frequently seen in patients with ***,often linked to both opportunistic infections and ART,requires careful *** diarrhea,often a sign of colitis caused by bacterial infections such as Shigella or Clostridium difficile,is *** bowel lymphoma,although rare,is increasing in *** disorders,including proctitis,fissures,and anal squamous cell carcinoma,are particularly relevant in homosexual men,underlining the importance of timely *** review comprehensively explores the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and treatment considerations for the various GI disorders associated with HIV,highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to improve outcomes for HIV-infected patients.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infections Antiretroviral treatment Gastrointestinal

Viral infections in inflammatory bowel disease:Tips and tricks for correct management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4276-4297页

作者： Vincenzo Craviotto Federica Furfaro Laura Loy Alessandra Zilli Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet Gionata Fiorino Silvio Danese Mariangela Allocca Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Inserm U954 University Hospital of NancyLorraine UniversityNancy 54511France Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele 20090MilanoItaly

Over the past decades,the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)has become more targeted,anticipating the use of immune-modifying therapies at an earlier *** top-down approach has been correlated with favorable short and long-term outcomes,but it has also brought with it concerns regarding potential infectious *** large IBD population treated with immunemodifying therapies,especially if combined,has an increased risk of severe infections,including opportunistic infections that are sustained by viral,bacterial,parasitic,and fungal *** infections have emerged as a focal safety concern in patients with IBD,representing a challenge for the clinician:they are often difficult to diagnose and are associated with significant morbidity and *** first step is to improve effective preventive strategies,such as applying vaccination protocols,adopt adequate prophylaxis and educate patients about potential risk *** viral infections in immunosuppressed patients may present atypical signs and symptoms,the challenges for the gastroenterologist are to suspect,recognize and diagnose such *** treatment of common viral infections allows us to minimize their impact on disease outcomes and patients’*** practical review supports this standard of care to improve knowledge in this subject area.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Viral infections opportunistic infections Standard of care Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

Pulmonary cryptococcosis after immunomodulator treatment in patients with Crohn’s disease:Three case reports

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第4期29卷 758-765页

作者： Yan-Fei Fang Xiang-Han Cao Ling-Ya Yao Qian Cao Department of Gastroenterology Inflammatory Bowel Disease CenterSir Run Shaw HospitalCollege of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis factorαmAbs are widely used to treat Crohn's disease(CD).However,one disadvantage of this treatment is impairment of normal immune function,leading to an increased risk of *** infection is an opportunistic infection that occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients and poses a significant diagnostic challenge in patients with *** SUMMARY Here,we report three cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with CD after receiving immunomodulatory *** patients presented with no or mild respiratory *** computed tomography scans revealed pulmonary nodules in the unilateral or bilateral *** were made using pathological examination and metagenomic *** patients were treated with fluconazole 400 mg once daily for 1 to 6 mo,and symptoms were *** searches were conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase to retrieve previously reported cases and summarize patient *** The incidence of cryptococcus infection has increased along with immunomodulator *** vigilance is required for early identification and standardized treatment.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Immunomodulator Infliximab opportunistic infections Pulmonary cryptococcosis Case report

A Case Report of Methylobacterium radiotolerans Bacteremia and Brain Abscesses

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2021年第2期3卷 112-114页

作者： Wesley Tang Alpa Desai Kunal Desai Department of Medicine Kettering Medical CenterKetteringOhioUSA Department of Internal Medicine Boonshoft School of MedicineWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA Kettering Health Network KetteringOhioUSA.

Methylobacterium radiotolerans is a ubiquitous organism found in the environment and is considered an opportunistic pathogen of low virulence in *** human infections from *** have been reported in immunocompromised hosts and have been reported mainly as bloodstream infections related to central venous *** present the first known case of *** as a causative agent of multiple brain abscesses in an immunocompromised host.

关键词： brain abscesses immunocompromise Methylobacterium opportunistic infections

Inflammatory bowel disease in travelers:Choosing the right vaccines and check-ups

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第22期17卷 2708-2714页

作者： Maria Esteve Carme Loras Ester García-Planella Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa Fundació per la Recerca Mútua de Terrassa University of Barcelona Terrassa Catalonia 08221 Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Catalonia 08193 Spain

The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) achieve good control of the inflammatory activity using available therapies. When remission is achieved and quality of life recovered, a considerable proportion of IBD patients express their desire to travel abroad, be it for business, academic or leisure purposes. Their physicians should help and encourage them whenever possible. However, preventive measures are warranted to minimize the risk, since IBD patients are exposed to the same infections affecting the general population, plus opportunistic infections (OI) related to the immunosuppression. There are a large number of potential OI that might affect patients with IBD. The true prevalence of these infections is unknown, and can vary from country to country. Therefore, reactivation or de novo acquisition of infections such as tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis will be much more frequent in endemic areas. Therefore, physicians should beaware of these aspects when planning specific preventive measures for patients traveling to a particular country. This includes good control of environmental exposure, chemoprophylaxis when indicated, and the use of a specific vaccination program to prevent endemic infections. In addition, it should be noted that, though the risk of acquiring an infectious disease is probably greater for IBD patients traveling from a developed to a developing country, the inverse situation can also occur; it depends on the previous acquired immunity of the host against infections in any particular environment.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Vaccination opportunistic infections

Pathological and immunohistochemical findings of lungs,heart,liver,and kidneys,and unexpected findings of fungi and parasites in lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients:A case series

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Journal of Acute Disease 2023年第5期12卷 204-212,I0001-I0003页

作者： Mehmet N.Yakar Bişar Ergün Aylin Erol Özde Gökbayrak TekincanÇ.Aktaş Özlem Ulusan Bağcı Fırat Bayraktar Eyüp S.Uçan Begüm Ergan Bilgin Cömert Ayşe Caner Safiye Aktaş Ali N.Gökmen Division of Intensive Care Department of Anaesthesiology and ReanimationFaculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey Division of Intensive Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey Department of Basic Oncology Institute of OncologyDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey Department of Basic Oncology Institute of Health SciencesEge UniversityİzmirTurkey Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey Department of Chest Diseases Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkey

Objective:To define histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of the lungs,heart,liver,and kidneys in patients who died from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in all tissues,as well as the presence of fungi and parasites in lung ***:This retrospective case study was conducted in the intensive care units of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital,and patients(≥18 years)who died due to COVID-19 between October 2020 and April 2021 were *** biopsy samples of the patient’s lung,heart,liver,and kidney tissues were ***:In the study,we enrolled 12 patients(mean age:70 years;50%male).Alveolar epithelial cell damage and diffuse alveolar damage were predominant in lung *** lymphocyte infiltration,centrilobular sinusoidal dilatation,and microvesicular steatosis in the liver,together with pigmented cast,non-isometric vacuolar degeneration,and capillary plugging in the kidneys,were commonly found among the ***-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antibodies were detected in three lung and two kidney tissues,and so did angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor positivity in one lung and more than half of the kidney *** RT-PCR tests were positive in three lungs and one kidney *** DNA isolation from lung tissues,Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected in nine patients,Aspergillus fumigatus in two,Microsporidia in three,and Cryptosporidium in ***:SARS-CoV-2 is a multisystemic *** and parasites should be investigated in critically ill COVID-19 patients prescribed corticosteroids.

关键词： Biopsy COVID-19 Histopathology Immunohisto-chemistry opportunistic infections SARS-CoV-2