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Multi-agent system simulation for urban policy design:open space land use change problem

International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第2期7卷 20-37页

作者： Roman Buil Miquel Angel Piera Egils Ginters Logistics and Aeronautics Unit Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona c.Emprius2 Sabadell 08202Spain Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Cesu Street 4 Valmiera LV-4201Latvia

Multi-agent system(MAS)models have been increasingly applied to the simulation of complex phenomena in different areas,providing successful and credible *** behavior related to a specific urban activity(i.e.,recreation activities in a park,using bicycle for mobility purposes)can be modeled as an agent(actor)with several affinities and preferences which are dependent on aspects that affect the activity.A particular application of a MAS approach is in area of urban policy design,in which policies should be designed considering citizens needs,preferences and *** an open space in a city is available(i.e.,an industry is moved to an industrial area),a land use policy should contribute to identify the new use for the urban *** are different land use policies that can be applied depending on which services or facilities must be empowered in the *** is important to identify the correct policy in order to satisfy present citizens needs but considering also the future needs in a social changing context.A socio-technological simulation model has been developed to allow citizens to get a better understanding of the urban problem,its dynamics and explore the sustainability of the different solutions.,enhancing citizens to participate in the urban decisions through new technologies(i.e.,e-participation).This paper illustrates an open space MAS simulation model for land use design policies in which citizens can check their opinion and get a better understanding of the different choices and its acceptability by the community considering not only present neighborhood profiles,but also future neighborhood *** is the first step before the development of the final software including a user friendly interface to let citizens with different cultural profiles to perform simulations as an essential and neutral tool to reach consensus during the decision-making process in urban policy design.

关键词： Agent simulation,urban policy open space e-governance e-participation

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Healthy campus by open space design： Approaches and guidelines

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第4期3卷 452-467页

作者： Stephen Siu Yu Lau Zhonshua Gou Yajing Liu Department of Architecture Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Architecture University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Faculty of Built Environment University of New South Wales Room 3001 Red Centre West Wing UNSW Built Environment Kensington Campus Sydney Australia

This paper examines the architectural and Landscape design strategies and intentions for green, open spaces facilities targeting stress aLLeviation for learning environments such as those of university campuses in a compact urban setting. Literature reviews provide three prevailing perspectives for physical design pedagogical operatives： healing gardens where greenery and plants produce restorative effects; flexible spaces that accommodate functional needs of different activities; and green buildings that incorporate open space as a catalyst for integrated eco-system. Corresponding design approaches （Landscape design, spatial design and green design） are scrutinized by case study. A comparison of two university campuses with different urban contexts is conducted to identify challenges and opportunities for applying these design approaches. For a compact campus, high-dense surroundings may limit the size of an open space and may handicap circulation and accessibility; on the other side, a small open space may provide its users more intimate contact with natural restorative elements and also a more controllable microclimate for physical comfort. A healthy campus should encompass diverse open spaces to satisfy different purposes. Finally, a framework that integrates the three approaches is combined to produce a sustainable design rubric.

关键词： Healthy campus open space Healing gardens Architecture Green building

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The Role of open space in Human Settlement Development in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第2期10卷 322-333页

作者： Mahamud Shaibu Debrah Kwame Donkor Works and Physical Development Directorate University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Works and Physical Development Directorate University for Development Studies Nyankpala Ghana

Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has been rated as the fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about the need for open-space creation have been a major challenge due to poor adherence to standards in the building codes. This study was conducted to assess the role of open space in human settlement development in the Tamale Metropolis. The study sampled the views of 157 residents who stay closed to community open spaces in five suburbs of the metropolis. Key informant interviews were also conducted with officials from the Town and Country Planning Department. The study revealed that most residents spend leisure by taking a walk in the neighborhood or idling in outdoor spaces. Also, the majority of the residents had poor knowledge of institutional and land administration. This often led to non-adherence to regulations and this affects open spaces in the metropolis. Common among residents is also a poor appreciation of the importance of open space and this results in encroachment. The Town and Country Planning Department should institute sanctions and stringent measures to deter offenders. Also, public seminars should be used to educate residents on the need to adhere to planning and building codes. Lastly, the study recommends strong collaboration between the various institutions engaged in land administration to facilitate effective provision and preservation of quality open spaces in the metropolis.

关键词： Settlement open space Development Tamale

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Public park behaviour in Da Nans:An investigation into how open space is used

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第4期8卷 454-470页

作者： Duy Thinh Do Yuning Cheng Amir Shojai Ye Chen Landscape Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Architecture Faculty Mien Tay Construction UniversityVinh LongViet nom Division of Architectural and Structural Design Graduate School of EnsineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan

The provision of open space is seen as a feasible solution in mitigating the challenges of urbanization,which accomm odates the daily leisure activities of residents and contributes to sustainable developm *** study aims at understanding how users perceive open space in 29-3 Park in Da Nang,*** understanding may help to adopt a better approach to development and *** specifically,it focuses on identifying roles and attributes of the space and determ ining those elements which affect how users of the space gather,based on their ***,behaviour param eters were identified and classified based on activities that occurred in this space,and were collected using a behavioural mapping survey *** analysis of 20 in-depth interviews,and 287 question naires,show existing problems that need to be improved and detail 11 physical factors that have potential to impact on users'*** results may have the potential to play an im portant role in assisting designers and administrators to create successful open space in urban areas of Vietnam or other developing countries in the future.

关键词： open space Environm ental behaviour Behaviour mapping Da Nang 29-3 park

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open space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2022年第2期5卷 69-81页

作者： Krishna Prasad Timalsina Bhim Prasad Subedi Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal University Grants Commission Tribhuvan UniversityNepal

open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in *** open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense *** most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open ***,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the *** this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development *** development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and ***,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

关键词： open space Urban development Planning practices Land development

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Urban open space as a Place for Social and Physical Well-being:Narratives from two Different Urban Settings of Kathmandu,Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Krishna Prasad Timalsina Department of Geography Trichandra Multiple CampusTUNepal

Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general,and Kathmandu Metropolitan City(KMC)in *** open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction,networking,recreation,and various physical health ***,different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its *** different urban settings(core urban areas having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’dominant population)have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces *** spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty for the city but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to urban *** issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews,key informants’interviews,informal conversational interviews,and nonparticipatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.

关键词： open space Place Urban Core Urban Fringe Well-being Society

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Routing through open spaces-A performance comparison of algorithms

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第3期21卷 247-256页

作者： Stefan Hahmann Jakob Miksch Bernd Resch Johannes Lauer Alexander Zipf GIScience Research Group Institute of GeographyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Fraunhofer IVI Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure SystemsDresdenGermany Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS University of SalzburgAustria Center for Geographic Analysis Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA HERE GmbH&Co KG Schwalbach am TaunusGermany

Finding the shortest path through open spaces is a well-known challenge for pedestrian routing engines.A common solution is routing on the open space boundary,which causes in most cases an unnecessarily long route.A possible alternative is to create a subgraph within the open *** paper assesses this approach and investigates its implications for routing engines.A number of algorithms(Grid,Spider-Grid,Visibility,Delaunay,Voronoi,Skeleton)have been evaluated by four different criteria:(i)Number of additional created graph edges,(ii)additional graph creation time,(iii)route computation time,(iv)routing *** show that each algorithm has advantages and disadvantages depending on the use *** identify the algorithms Visibility with a reduced number of edges in the subgraph and Spider-Grid with a large grid size to be a good compromise in many scenarios.

关键词： openStreetMap routing open space navigation pedestrian polygon

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Study of the Relationship between Building Arrangement and Visibility of open spaces Based on a Simplified Area Evaluation

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第12期10卷 1364-1372页

作者： Rim Meziani Architecture and Design Department Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

This paper studies which building arrangement will provide the maximum visibility to an example of open space proposed in the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. The building forms, the distance between the buildings, the setback and the building heights would all affect visibility and were considered closely. Although this research methodology could be applied to any site in different situations, it remains simple and interesting. It can be applied in general, with a change of the variables （setback, distance between buildings, building height, building form）, to any site by both professionals and students who can simply use any CAD program for producing drawing in both the architectural or urban designs phases, hence the importance of this research. Two different building arrangements were proposed and studied： a linear and an L-shaped arrangement. After applying the simulations, it appears that the L-shape offers more visibility to the open space. The outcomes of this study were combined with another research project that studies the same building arrangements to test the possible climatic comfort provided in outdoor spaces in order to encourage the use of open spaces and walkability in the studied area.

关键词： Visibility open space Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan building arrangement.

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open spaces of Traditional Societies

Open Spaces of Traditional Societies

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作者： Yasuaki KATAGIRI Masahiro MITSUE Graduate School of Letters Hokkaido University/AtelierMasahiro Mitsue Graduate School of Letters Hokkaido University/AtelierMasahiro Mitsue

＜正＞From the perspective of cultural pluralism in cultural anthropology, this study compares many types of open spaces around the world that have existed independently of a modernized western context. A survey was conducted of numerous ethnographies written about traditional cultures and societies, which referred to various types of outdoor spaces observed in cities or settlements. As a result of these comparisons, many similarities were found to present configurations of urban open spaces. Moreover, such spaces are never objectified by modern methods of landscape architecture. Various types of planning and design exist for such spaces, and these play an important role in each society, as for structures in all cultures. The cultural context of such open spaces differs from that of western parks and public gardens. These are objectified as ’vernacular’ identifiable spaces. The practical usage of such spaces from the standpoint of cultural anthropology is recommended.

关键词： open space cultural anthropology cultural pluralism articulation pre-space.

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Optimization Design of open spaces Based on Wind Tunnel and CFD Simulation： Case Study of a Street Canyon in Northern China

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第10期11卷 897-914页

作者： Zhiming Guo Tsuyoshi Setoguchi Norihiro Watanabe Takuya Tsutsumi Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 0608628 Japan Northern Regional Building Research Institute Hokkaido Research Organization .Asahikawa 0788801 Japan

Airflow in open spaces can significantly affect spatial quality. Therefore, according to the type of building structures, the airflow also has different forms. Studies have been conducted on the relation between airflow and pedestrian comfort; however, only few of them have focused on comprehensive urban planning that considers different weather conditions and people＇s ability to adapt. This research focuses on the differences in wind conditions caused by different spatial forms in different seasons. On the basis of a field survey in both summer and winter in a public open space, evaluation standards developed from environmental meteorological data and public feedback were used to evaluate simulation results. Next, several assumptions about canyon orientation and building types were proposed. Wind tunnel and CFD （computational fluid dynamics） simulations were conducted to evaluate the assumptions. The results showed that the canyon orientation significantly affected overall wind conditions and different building structures affected airflow. This research also provides a method to evaluate urban areas that have complicated wind environments.

关键词： Urban form outdoor comfort open space wind tunnel simulation optimization design.

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