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nucleic acid vaccines: A taboo broken and prospect for a hepatitis B virus cure

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第41期27卷 7005-7013页

作者： Efthymios P Tsounis Athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece

Although a prophylactic vaccine is available,hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and *** treatment options are improving clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B;however,true functional cure is currently the exception rather than the *** acid vaccines are among the emerging immunotherapies that aim to restore weakened immune function in chronically infected *** vaccines in particular have shown promising results in vivo by reducing viral replication,breaking immune tolerance in a sustained manner,or even decimating the intranuclear covalently closed circular DNA reservoir,the hallmark of HBV *** DNA vaccines encoding surface antigens administered by conventional injection elicit HBVspecific T cell responses in humans,initial clinical trials failed to demonstrate additional therapeutic benefit when administered with nucleos(t)ide *** an attempt to improve vaccine immunogenicity,several techniques have been used,including codon/promoter optimization,coadministration of cytokine adjuvants,plasmids engineered to express multiple HBV epitopes,or combinations with other *** vaccine delivery by electroporation is among the most efficient strategies to enhance the production of plasmid-derived antigens to stimulate a potent cellular and humoral anti-HBV *** results suggest that DNA vaccination via electroporation efficiently invigorates both arms of adaptive immunity and suppresses serum HBV *** contrast,the study of mRNA-based vaccines is limited to a few in vitro experiments in this *** studies are needed to clarify the prospects of nucleic acid vaccines for HBV cure.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Therapeutic vaccination nucleic acid vaccines DNA vaccines Electroporation Immunotherapy

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PLASMID VACCINE ENCODING HN GENE FROM NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS HAS MARKED ANTITUMORAL EFFECT IN VITRO

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2003年第3期15卷 161-166页

作者：薛立娟金宁一龚伟王宏伟李萍 Quartermaster University of PLA Changchun 130062

Objective: To explore the antitumor effects of hemaagglutinin-neuraminase gene (HN gene) from Newcastle disease virus. Methods: Plasmid vaccine of pIRHN was constructed and transfected into HeLa cells. The expression of HN was analyzed by Western blot analysis, and the mode of cell death was detected by fluorescence microscope, gel electrophoresis and TUNEL assay and the expression of p53 and bcl-2 was also analyzed in transfected Hela cells. The effect of pIRHN on sialic acid contents in the Hela cell was examined. Results: pIRHN nucleic acid vaccines could be expressed in eukaryotic cell. pIRHN could induce apoptosis after HeLa cells were transfected. The effect of antitumor responses of pIRHN was correlated with the contents of sialic acid in tumor cells, and there was no prominent evidence for the relatedness of the antitumor effect with the expression of p53 and bcl-2. Conclusion: pIRHN may become a new antitumor biological agent.

关键词： Newcastle disease virus Hemaagglutinin- neuraminase gene Western blot Antitumor effect nucleic acid vaccines Apoptosis

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Therapeutic tumor vaccines-a rising star to benefit cancer patients

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Artificial Intelligence in Cancer 2021年第3期2卷 25-41页

作者： Qian Wei Zhao-Yuan Fang Zi-Meng Zhang Teng-Fei Zhang Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai 200031China

Malignant tumors are still a worldwide threat to human *** treatment strategies are constantly evolving,and the advent of tumor immunotherapy has brought up hope to many types of tumors,especially for those that are refractory to conventional therapies including surgery,radiotherapy,and *** vaccines can initiate or amplify an anti-tumor immune response in tumor patients through active immunization,and therefore occupy an important position in tumor *** main types of tumor vaccines include tumor cell vaccines,dendritic cell vaccines,polypeptide vaccines and nucleic acid *** to factors such as poor antigen selection and suppressive tumor microenvironment,earliest tumor vaccines on clinical trials failed to achieve satisfactory clinical ***,with the development of second-generation genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools,it is possible to predict neoantigens generated by tumor-specific mutations and therefore prepare personalized *** article summarizes the global efforts in developing tumor vaccines and highlights several representative tumor vaccines in each category.

关键词： Tumor vaccines Tumor cell vaccines Dendritic cell vaccines Peptide vaccines nucleic acid vaccines

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