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A novel non-invasive identification of genome editing mutants from insect exuviae

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 21-32页

作者： Xiao-Xiao Wang Jing Li Tong-Xin Wang Yi-Nuo Yang Hai-Kang Zhang Meng Zhou Le Kang Li-Ya Wei College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingHebei Province071002China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

With the wide application of genome editing in insects, a simple and efficient identification method is urgently needed to meet the increasing demand for mutation detection. Here, taking migratory locusts as a model system, we developed a non-invasive method to accurately identify genome-edited mutants by using DNA from insect exuviae. We compared the quantity and quality of genomic DNA from exuviae in five instar hoppers and found that the 1st instar exuviae had the highest DNA yield and content, while the 3rd instar exuviae had the best quality. Consensus genotypes were identified from genomic DNA of hoppers at different developmental stages in the same individuals. Moreover, we demonstrated that the amplification products from DNA extracted from locust exuviae are the consensus sequences with those from the hemolymph and foreleg pre-tarsus. Therefore, non-invasive samples provide the same genotyping results as minimally invasive and invasive samples of the same individuals. Furthermore, this identification method that uses genomic DNA from exuviae can be used for early screening of positive genome-edited individuals in each generation for adult crossing. In our study, the non-invasive identification method was not only simpler and provided results earlier than existing methods, but also had a better reproducibility and accuracy. This non-invasive identification approach using genomic DNA from exuviae can be adapted to meet the growing demand for genetic analysis and will find wide application in insect genome editing research.

关键词： exuviae genome editing identification locusts molt non-invasive

Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第5期14卷 1025-1037页

作者： Nicole Cianci Mohsan Subhani Trevor Hill Amardeep Khanna Dong Zheng Abhishek Sheth Colin Crooks Guruprasad P Aithal NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom King’s Liver Transplant Unit King's College HospitalLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Center Freeman Hospital and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE77DNUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Queen Mary University LondonLondon E14NSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents a growing public health concern,with patients having higher risk of morbidity and mortality.It has a considerably high prevalence in the general population,estimated 20%-40%in Europe,and is asymptomatic until late in the disease course.It is therefore important to identify and validate tools that predict hard outcomes such as mortality for use in clinical practice in risk-stratifying NAFLD patients.AIM To evaluate available evidence on the use of non-invasive test(s)as prognostic factors for mortality in NAFLD.METHODS We performed electronic searches of Medline and EMBASE(Ovid)until 7^(th)January 2021 of studies in NAFLD populations.Prognostic markers included serum biomarkers,non-invasive scoring systems,and non-invasive imaging.The population included all spectrums of disease severity,including NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Outcomes included all-cause,and cardiovascular mortality.All non-invasive tests were synthesised in a narrative systematic review.Finally,we conducted a meta-analysis of non-invasive scoring systems for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,calculating pooled hazard ratios and 95%confidence(STATA 16.1).RESULTS Database searches identified 2850 studies-24 were included.16 studies reported non-invasive scoring systems,10 studies reported individual biomarkers,and 1 study reported imaging modalities.4 studies on non-invasive scoring systems(6324 participants)had data available for inclusion in the meta-analysis.The non-invasive scoring system that performed best at predicting all-cause mortality was NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS)[pHR 3.07(1.62-5.83)],followed by fibrosis-4 index[pHR 3.06(1.54-6.07)],BARD[pHR 2.87(1.27-6.46)],and AST to platelet ratio index[pHR 1.90(1.32-2.73)].NFS was also prognostic of cardiovascular-related mortality[pHR 3.09(1.78-5.34)].CONCLUSION This study reaffirms that non-invasive scoring systems,especially NFS,are reliable prognostic markers of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mo

关键词： nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Biomarkers non-invasive Prognosis Mortality

Bio-analysis of Saliva Using Paper Devices and Colorimetric Assays

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第1期8卷 114-132页

作者： Adhan Narasimhan Harshil Jain Kowshika Muniandy Raja Chinnappan Naresh Kumar Mani Microfluidics Sensors and Diagnostics(μSenD)LaboratoryCentre for MicrofluidicsBiomarkersPhotoceutics&Sensors(μBioPS)Department of BiotechnologyManipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533SaudiArabia Tissue/Organ Bioengineering&BioMEMS Lab Organ Transplant Centre of ExcellenceTransplant Research&Innovation DepartmentKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia

In light of the evolving nature of various diseases,time becomes a crucial factor in diagnosis and identifying the underlying causes.A point-of-care device provides a rapid diagnosis of a disease without using complex and advanced instruments,which are costly and difficult to transport.A paper-based device is a relatively frugal solution wherein the paper is used as a substratum in which the reactions are carried out.These methods are non-invasive,and the sample collection is relatively easy.Saliva is one such body fluid in which various biomarkers are present for numerous diseases.Bioanalysis of saliva has attracted more attention recently due to its non-invasiveness and robustness.Exploiting the discovery of clinical biomarkers from salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector by providing crucial information to monitor the health status of individuals and disease progression which enables personalized treatment.This review provides the limitation of the traditional methods in clinical applications and highlights the significance of saliva as a non-invasive biological fluid that is a source of multiple biomarkers associated with various diseases.It also provides insights into the different paper-based colorimetric microfluidic devices developed against salivary biomarkers in the past decade.The major challenges in the point-of-care application and the future prospects have been discussed as well.Further,we also emphasize the importance of this approach in dental disease diagnosis which is least explored and holds potential applications.

关键词： Paper-based assay Salivary analysis non-invasive Point-of-care Body fluids Biomarkers Qualitative detection

non-invasive genetic analysis indicates low population connectivity in vulnerable Chinese gorals:concerns for segregated population management

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Zoological Research 2019年第5期40卷 439-448页

作者： Jing Yang Guo-Fen Zhu Jian Jiang Chang-Lin Xiang Fu-Li Gao Wei-Dong Bao College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China College of Biology and Food Science Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde Hebei 067000 China Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve Administration Beijing 102115 China Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration Daban Inner Mongolia 025000 China

Detailed information on the size and genetic structure of wildlife populations is critical for developing effective conservation strategies, especially for those species that have suffered population decline and fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities. In the present study, we used a non-invasive approach combining fecal pellet sampling with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA microsatellite marker analysis to monitor and compare the population structure of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in Beijing and northeast Inner Mongolia in China. Of the 307 fecal samples confirmed to be from N. griseus, 15 individuals (nine females and six males) were found in the Beijing population and 61 individuals (37 females and 24 males) were found in the Inner Mongolian population. Among these 76 individuals, we identified eight haplotypes and 13 nucleotide polymorphic sites from mtDNA and 45 alleles from 10 microsatellite loci. Spatially structured genetic variation and a significant level of genetic differentiation were observed between the two populations. In both populations, the sex ratios were skewed toward females, indicating high reproductive potential, which is crucial for population recovery and conservation of this patchily distributed vulnerable species. We suggest that managing the two populations as evolutionarily significant units with diverse genetic backgrounds could be an effective solution for present population recovery, with the possible relocation of individuals among different groups to help ensure future goral species prosperity.

关键词： Genetic diversity Mitochondrial DNA Microsatellite marker Naemorhedus griseus non-invasive sampling Sex ratio

Declining diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive fibrosis tests is associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第12期6卷 521-530页

作者： Lin Wang Yao-Xin Fan Xiao-Guang Dou Department of Infectious Diseases Shengjing Hospital of China Medical Uni-versity

AIM To explore the effect of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) on the performance of non-invasive fibrosis tests in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients. METHODS A total of 599 treatment-naive and biopsy-proven CHB patients were included in the study. The cohort was divided into the following three groups: Normal ALT(ALT ≤ 40), slightly elevated ALT(40 80). The diagnostic performance of five common non-invasive fibrosis tests for liver fibrosis(stages S2-4), including the aspartate aminotransferase(AST)-to-platelet(PLT) ratio index(APRI), fibrosis index based on 4 factors(FIB-4), King's score, Forns index and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)-to-PLT ratio(GPR), were evaluated for each group. RESULTS Higher ALT levels were associated with higher non-invasive fibrosis test scores. Patients with the same fibrosis stage but higher ALT levels showed higher noninvasive test scores. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves(AUROCs) of the noninvasive tests for prediction of ≥ S2 were higher for patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L(range 0.705-0.755) and 40 80 U/L(range 0.604-0.701). The AUROCs for predicting ≥ S3 and S4 were higher in patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L(range 0.736-0.814 for ≥ S3, 0.79-0.833 for S4) than in patients with 40 80 U/L(range 0.7-0.784 for ≥ S3, range 0.662-0.719 for S4). The diagnostic accuracy of the non-invasive tests decreased in a stepwise manner with the increase in ALT.CONCLUSION ALT has a significant effect on the diagnostic performance of non-invasive fibrosis tests. The ALT level should be considered before performing these noninvasive tests.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B non-invasive tests Liver fibrosis Alanine aminotransferase Inflammation

Circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for hepatitis B virus liver fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第11期26卷 1113-1127页

作者： Diana Gabriela Iacob Adelina Rosca Simona Maria Ruta Infectious Diseases Department "Carol Davila"University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Bucharest Emergency University Hospital Bucharest 050098Romania Virology Department Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Viral Emerging Diseases Department Stefan S.Nicolau Institute of VirologyBucharest 030304Romania

Viruses can alter the expression of host microRNAs(miRNA s) and modulate the immune response during a persistent infection. The dysregulation of host miRNA s by hepatitis B virus(HBV) contributes to the proinflammatory and profibrotic changes within the liver. Multiple studies have documented the differential regulation of intracellular and circulating miRNA s during different stages of HBV infection. Circulating miRNA s found in plasma and/or extracellular vesicles can integrate data on viral-host interactions and on the associated liver injury. Hence, the detection of circulating miRNA s in chronic HBV hepatitis could offer a promising alternative to liver biopsy, as their expression is associated with HBV replication, the progression of liver fibrosis,and the outcome of antiviral treatment. The current review explores the available data on miRNA involvement in HBV pathogenesis with an emphasis on their potential use as biomarkers for liver fibrosis.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus MicroRNA noncoding RNA Liver fibrosis Viral hepatitis non-invasive biomarkers Extracellular vesicles Hepatitis management

COVID-19 managed with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第9期8卷 1705-1712页

作者： Mian Peng Di Ren Xue-Yan Liu Jin-Xiu Li Rong-Lin Chen Bao-Jun Yu Yong-Feng Liu Xi Meng Yan-Si Lyu Department of Intensive Care Unit the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit the Second People’s Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen 518001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit Shenzhen People's HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit the Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen 518001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit Shenzhen Longgang Central HospitalShenzhen 518001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit Shenzhen Baoan District People’s HospitalShenzhen 518001Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Dermatology Shenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen 518067Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has become an immense public health burden,first in China and subsequently worldwide.Developing effective control measures for COVID-19,especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever(38.8°C),chills,dizziness,and weakness.Epidemiologically,she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster.A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41×109/L(60.6±2.67%neutrophils and 30.4±1.34%lymphocytes).Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes.Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics,the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19.Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy,she recovered with a good outcome.CONCLUSION Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 non-invasive ventilation Bundle pharmacotherapy Case report Pneumonia Coronavirus

Effects of rh BNP after PCI on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left heart failure

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 769-773页

作者： Xi-Min He Lin Chen Jiang-Bin Luo Xu-Xia Feng Yun-Bo Zhang Qi-Jing Chen Xiao-Li Ji Tian-Song Wang Department of Cardiology People's Hospital of Sanya

Objective: To investigate the effects of exogenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rh BNP) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular failure. Methods: A number of 96 acute myocardial infarction patients accompanied with heart failure after PCI hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Sanya during February 2012 to October 2015 were selected. They were randomly divided into the therapy group(n = 50) and control group(n = 46). On the basis of routine treatment, patients in the therapy group were treated with intravenous rh BNP(1.5 μg/kg was intravenous injection with uniform speed of 3 min, followed by continuous infusion 0.007 5 μg/kg·min for 72 h), while the control group received conventional treatment. Bio Z-2011 non-invasive hemodynamic real-time monitoring system was used to monitor the hemodynamic parameters changes and the leves of plasma pro-BNP, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum sodium and urine volume of each group before and after treating for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. Results: Patients in the therapy group showed no effect on heart rate, while after 30 min of intravenous injection of rh BNP, CO, CI, SV, and SI increased significantly and LVET and TFC reduced at the same time, which had certain effect on blood pressure(SBP/DBP). Compared with the control group, the therapy group showed a faster and more effective improvement on haemodynamics. Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction patients complicated with left heart failure after primary PCI can significantly improve hemodynamics by treating with rh BNP.

关键词： rhBNP non-invasive hemodynamics Acute myocardial infarction Heart failure

non-invasive detection of pancreatic cancer by measuring DNA methylation of Basonuclin 1 and Septin 9 in plasma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第12期132卷 1504-1506页

作者： Xiao-Bin Li Jun Ma Zi-Wen Liu Wen-Fei He Zong-Ze Li Ming Cui Huang Hao Guang-Peng Zhou Lei You James Wang Xiao-Liang Han Yu-Pei Zhao Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China BioChain (Beijing) Science & Technology Inc. Beijing 102600China

Pancreatic cancer (PC), a deadly malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of 5% to 15%, is ranked as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in the world in spite of its low occurrence rate.[1,2] Early detection appears to be the most effective approach to improve the overall survival of patients with PC. However, the difficulty in early detection of PC is a lack of specific symptoms and reliable biomarkers. Currently, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a serum biomarker that is widely used in PC detection. However, 10% of patients with PC cannot produce CA 19-9 and serum CA 19-9 is frequently absent in patients with early-stage cancer. Furthermore, CA 19-9 is often found to be elevated in benign conditions or in other cancers, making its utility limited. Therefore, it is important to identify new diagnostic biomarkers to improve PC detection.

关键词： non-invasive detection pancreatic cancer measuring DNA methylation