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SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF RAT nigrostriatal DOPAMINERGIC NEUROCONNECTION DURING DEVELOPMENT——A COMBINED IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第11期33卷 1326-1333页

作者：黄森 Shanghai Brain Research Institute Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC

The characteristics of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroconnections in developing rats are studied by combined immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic techniques, with an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). From the embryonic day 21 on, some of the THpositive nerve fibers are densely packed in the striatum to form a patch-like dopamine island. The percentage of the TH-positive nerve terminals among the labeled profiles is much higher inside than outside the dopamine island (P<0.01). On the other hand, the TH-positive terminals mainly form symmetrical axon-dendritic synapses, while most of the TH-negative terminals form asymmetrical axon-spinous synapses. The functional significance of the characterized dopaminergic connection is discussed.

关键词： nigrostriatal connection dopamine island tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry electron-microscopy

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nigrostriatal Degeneration in Parkinson Disease: Evaluation by Diffusion Tensor Tract-Specific Analysis

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Open Journal of Radiology 2015年第4期5卷 199-204页

作者： Alina Abulaiti Koji Kamagata Yumiko Motoi Masaaki Hori Nobutaka Hattori Shigeki Aoki Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Neurology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Diffusion tensor tractography was used to evaluate whether diffusion metrics in the nigrostriatal pathway could diagnose Parkinson disease. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on 30 patients with Parkinson disease and 32 healthy controls by using a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system. Diffusion tensor tractography was used for both groups to visualize the nigrostriatal and corticospinal tracts. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the tracts were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine whether diffusion metrics of the nigrostriatal pathway could be used to diagnose Parkinson disease. Mean FA values (±SD) of the nigrostriatal tract in Parkinson disease patients (0.41 ± 0.025) were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.43 ± 0.022;p = 0.00068) and showed a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 60%. There were no significant differences in the MD values of the nigrostriatal tract or the FA and MD values of the corticospinal tract between Parkinson disease patients and the control group. FA values of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson disease patients were significantly lower than those in normal, healthy individuals. Reduced FA was generally thought to reflect neuronal loss, gliosis, or demyelination of nerve fibers. This result might provide a useful measure for diagnosing Parkinson disease and evaluating patients’ clinical condition.

关键词： nigrostriatal Pathway Diffusion MRI Neurodegenerative Disorders Parkinson Disease

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Historical perspective of cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第3期7卷 179-192页

作者： Alejandra Boronat-García Magdalena Guerra-Crespo René Drucker-Colín Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Cell grafting has been considered a therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease(PD) since the 1980 s. The classical motor symptoms of PD are caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a decrement in dopamine release in the striatum. Consequently, the therapy of celltransplantation for PD consists in grafting dopamineproducing cells directly into the brain to reestablish dopamine levels. Different cell sources have been shown to induce functional benefits on both animal models of PD and human patients. However, the observed motor improvements are highly variable between individual subjects, and the sources of this variability are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the pioneering studies done in animal models of PD that established the basis for the first clinical trials in humans, and compare these with the latest findings to identify the most relevant aspects that remain unanswered to date. The main focus of the discussions presented here will be on the mechanisms associated with the survival and functionality of the transplants. These include the role of the dopamine released by the grafts and the capacity of the grafted cells to extend fibers and to integrate into the motor circuit. The complete understanding of these aspects will require extensive research on basic aspects of molecular and cellular physiology, together with neuronal network function, in order to uncover the real potential of cell grafting for treating PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Cell replacement Animal models nigrostriatal pathway Striatum Dopaminergic loss

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