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Evaluation of neurological disorder Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第2期9卷 42-51页

作者： Saeed M. Bafaraj Department of Diagnostic Radiology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA

Background: The integration of different imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assists clinicians in diagnosing several neurological diseases at an initial stage, thereby inhibiting their development into serious medical conditions. With respect to the severity of neurological diseases and the increasing popularity of imaging tools, the current study has evaluated the findings of CT and MRI in examining neurological disorders. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the faculty of applied medical sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University from September 2017 to 2018 including details of 43 patients with complaints of potential neurological disturbances such as headache, oligodendroglioma, CNS infiltration, hypoxia, weakness, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. The history of patients including their age, gender, reason for examination and findings of CT and MRI was evaluated in the study. Results: The results showed that patients in the age group of 21 to 40 years were more prone to developing neurological disorders. The major reasons for neurological examination in individuals were found to be headaches (n = 7), multiple sclerosis (n = 5) and epilepsy (n = 3). The evaluation of patients’ records revealed that only 4 patients underwent CT scans;however, all of them went through the MRI. Statistically significant results were obtained for the patients scanned and examined through MRI rather than CT. Conclusions: The results revealed MRI as more successful in diagnosing different neurological conditions in comparison with CT scan. The study further suggests that MRI can be used as an integral diagnostic approach for neurological understanding of major diseases of the central nervous system.

关键词： neurological disorder Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance

Status of serum vitamin D and neurological disorder in Nepalese population:a prospective study

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Life Research 2020年第4期3卷 148-157页

作者： Avinash Chandra Basant Pant Ayush Chandra Pooja Prakash Reema Rajbhandari Sharad Gajuryal Pranaya Shrestha Samir Acharya Pravesh Rajbhandari Resha Shrestha Annapurna neurological Institute and Alied Scinces MaitigharKathmanduNepal Tianjin Medical University TianjinChina Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital PokharaNepal

Background:Recently,there has been a surge in research worldwide on vitamin *** on international level,Vit.D has shown positive correlation with cardio-cerebrovascular *** possible role of vitamin D there is paucity of research in low-and middle-income nations that are nearer to the equatorial *** of abundant sunlight exposure,Asian people are developing hypovitaminosis D need a special consideration to avoid excessive and unnecessary usage of *** study aims to detect the situation of vitamin D in Nepalese population and secondly to find out the suitable normalized reference range for serum vitamin D in multi-ethnic Nepalese ***:A hospital based prospective study was conducted using purposive sampling technique to select 107 ***-vivo and in vitro bio-physiological method was used to collect serum vitamin D ***:The present study showed that 32%of participants had deficit(30 ng/mL).Study showed that there is a lower degree of positive relationship of body mass index(r=0.162,P=0.094)and significant association of history of chronic illness(χ2=0.10,P=0.03),timing of occurrence of stroke(χ2=11.41,P=0.017)and diagnosis(χ2=21.19,P=0.011)with serum vitamin-D level at Pdisorder showed positive association with serum vitamin D level.

关键词： Serum vitamin D neurological disorder Deficiency Incidence

Vitamin D binding protein in psychiatric and neurological disorders:Implications for diagnosis and treatment

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 324-334页

作者： Ling Li Bing Han Yan Kong Gaojia Zhang Zhijun Zhang Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China Department of Neurology Affiliated Zhongda HospitalNanjingJiangsu 210009China Department of Pharmacology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Department of Mental Health and Public HealthFaculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

Vitamin D binding protein(VDBP)serves as a key transporter protein responsible for binding and delivering vitamin D and its metabolites to target *** plays a crucial part in the inflammatory reaction following tissue damage and is engaged in actin *** research has shed light on its potential role in various diseases,leading to a growing interest in understanding the implications of VDBP in psychiatric and neurological *** purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing understanding regarding the involvement of VDBP in neurological and psychiatric *** examining the intricate interplay between VDBP and these disorders,this review contributes to a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic *** gained from the study of VDBP could pave the way for novel strategies in the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

关键词： neurological disorder Polymorphism Psychiatric disorder Structure Vitamin D binding protein

Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis:insights from animal models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 84-91页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Joong-Sun Kim Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR programChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is generally considered to be a non-traumatic,physically debilitating neurological *** addition to experiencing motor disability,patients with multiple sclerosis also experience a variety of nonmotor symptoms,including cognitive deficits,anxiety,depression,sensory impairments,and ***,the pathogenesis and treatment of such non-motor symptoms in multiple scle rosis are still under *** studies for multiple sclerosis benefit from the use of disease-appropriate animal models,including experimental autoimmune *** to understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatments for non-motor symptoms,it is critical to chara cterize the animal model in terms of its ability to replicate certain non-motor features of multiple *** such,no single animal model can mimic the entire spectrum of *** review focuses on the non-motor symptoms that have been investigated in animal models of multiple sclerosis as well as possible underlying ***,we highlighted gaps in the literature to explain the nonmotor aspects of multiple sclerosis in expe rimental animal models,which will serve as the basis for future studies.

关键词： anxiety cognitive deficit depression experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis motor disability neurological disorder pain pathophysiology preclinical study sensory impairments

The importance of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 in neural circuit establishment and neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1165-1171页

作者： Rafhanah Banu Bte Abdul Razar Yinghua Qu Saravanan Gunaseelan John Jia En Chua Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore LSI Neurobiology Programme National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion neurons that must be systematically organized into functional neural circuits for it to function *** circuits range from short-range local signaling networks between neighboring neurons to long-range networks formed between various brain *** converging evidence indicates that alterations in neural circuits arising from abnormalities during early neuronal development or neurodegeneration contribute significantly to the etiology of neurological *** this notion,efforts to identify genetic causes of these disorders have uncovered an over-representation of genes encoding proteins involved in the processes of neuronal differentiation,maturation,synaptogenesis and synaptic *** and elongation protein zeta-1,a Kinesin-1 adapter,has emerged as a key central player involved in many of these *** and elongation protein zeta-1-dependent transport of synaptic cargoes and mitochondria is essential for neuronal development and synapse ***,it acts downstream of guidance cue pathways to regulate axo-dendritic ***,perturbing its function causes abnormalities in neuronal development and synapse formation both in the brain as well as the peripheral nervous *** and deletions of the fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 gene are linked to neurodevelopmental ***,altered phosphorylation of the protein contributes to neurodegenerative ***,these findings strongly implicate the importance of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 in the establishment of neuronal circuits and its maintenance.

关键词： fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 neurological disorder neuronal development neuronal differentiation neuronal networks synapse formation synaptic function

The Pattern of neurological disorders;Revisited Prevalence Data of a Dedicated Neurology Clinic in Sudan

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2021年第11期10卷 339-358页

作者： Muaz Elsayed Omer Aladil Abdalla Hamid Rayan Tonga Sara Misbah Elsadig Mohamed Hasan Ahmed Musaab Ahmed Mohamed Khalafallah Saeed Omdurman Islamic University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Khartoum Sudan International University of Africa Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Khartoum Sudan MBBS Resident in Internal Medicine Sudan Medical Specialization Board SMSB Khartoum Sudan MRCP Senior Consultant Neurologist Soba University Hospital Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Eaglestone Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire UK College of Medicine Physiology Department Ajman University Ajman UAE The University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Omdurman Teaching Hospital Khartoum Sudan

Background: The diverse modes in geographical locations, environmental factors, genetic and racial characteristics play a complex role in determining the pattern of neurological disorders worldwide. Determining the pattern of neurological disorders enables health policymakers to plan evidently for service, training, and research priorities. Few prevalence studies in neurology were conducted in Sudan. Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based study that reviewed the medical records of patients who attended a Dedicated Neurology Clinic (DNC) in Omdurman, the national Capital of Sudan, for 24 months, from January 2016 to January 2018. This study aimed to determine the DNC pattern of neurological disorders as a representative subset prevalence in Sudan. Neurologists conducted the medical workup for diagnosis after at least two visits. All patients have ethically consented. Results: The total number of patients was 1050. Only 749 patients (71.3%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 46.5 ± 1.9, and males were 45.3%. 72% were from the Capital. The presenting symptoms were headache (16.6%), seizures (11.5%), limbs weakness (11.2%), and lower percentages for other neurological symptoms. The commonest diagnoses were Stroke 12.4%, Epilepsy 9.3%, Primary Headache 8.8%, Movement disorders 7.3%, Peripheral Neuropathy 6%, Dementia 4% Neuroinfections 1.4%, Demyelinating disorders 2.6%, Spinal Spondylotic Radiculopathy 2.6% and 1.7% for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Conclusion: The data from Sudan-DNC showed that the most common neurological disorders descendingly were Stroke, Epilepsy, Headache, Movement disorders, Peripheral Neuropathy, Dementia, Infections, Demyelinating disorders, Spinal Spondylotic Radiculopathy, and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. The demyelinating disorders and peripheral neuropathy showed a higher percentage than our previous preliminary prevalence study in 2012 compared to th

关键词： Sudan Prevalence neurological disorder Stroke Dedicated Clinic

Spectrum of neurological disorders amongst Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in Douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 112-123页

作者： Halle Marie Patrice Tchouamou Tchouamou Eric Gildas Fouda Hermine Gams Massi Daniel Ngamby Vincent Ebenezer Tewafeu Denis Kaze Folefack Francois Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Regional Hospital of Buea Buea Cameroon Yaounde Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Context: Neurologic disorders are common in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Data in Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of neurological disorders amongst patients on MHD in Cameroon. Settings and Design: This was a four-month cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital (DGH) a tertiary referral hospital in Cameroon. Methods: The diagnosis of neuropathy was made using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), neuropathic pain with the DN4 score, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) with the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group questionnaire (IRLSSG) and cognitive disorders with the Mini-Mental State Examination test (MMS). Student T and Chi-square tests were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables. The level of significance was set at p Results: A total of 157 patients were included with 65% being males. The mean age was 48.8 ± 13.7 years. The main comorbidities were hypertension (90.4%), diabetes (19.1%), hepatitis C (10.5%) and HIV infection (10.8%). The median dialysis vintage was 36 (1 - 178) months. The overall prevalence of neurological disorders was 85.4%. The leading type was sensory polyneuropathy (57.3%), cognitive dysfunction (52.9%), neuropathic pain (23%), and restless legs syndrome (17.8%). Male gender was statistically associated with neuropathic pain, while age ≥ 40 years and diabetes were associated with sensory neuropathy and RLS. Conclusions: The burden of neurological disorders is high among patients on MHD as up to 4/5 of them had neurological involvement dominated by sensory polyneuropathy and cognitive dysfunction.

关键词： neurological disorder Haemodialysis Prevalence Cameroon

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*** disorder

外科研究与新技术 1998年第2期 126-128页

980355 Analysis of the OMP antigenicity ofserogroup B *** Lihui(高立慧),et *** & Microbiol Instit,Prev Med,Chin Acad,Beijing,*** J Microbiol & Immunol 1997;17(6):***:To analyse the OMP antigenicity ofserogroup B ***:Based on the phe-notypes and genotypes of serogroup B meningococciisolated from patients and carriers in China since the1970s,10 representative strains have been selected.

关键词： CBZ neurological disorder TIA

Neural computational modeling reveals a major role of corticospinal gating of central oscillations in the generation of essential tremor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2035-2044页

作者： Hong-en Qu Chuanxin M.Niu Si Li Man-zhao Hao Zi-xiang Hu Qing Xie Ning Lan Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California

Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part of the body. Essential tremor is driven by a central oscillation signal in the brain. However, the corticospinal mechanisms involved in the generation of essential tremor are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural computational model that includes both monosynaptic and multisynaptic corticospinal pathways interacting with a propriospinal neuronal network. A virtual arm model is driven by the central oscillation signal to simulate tremor activity behavior. Cortical descending commands are classified as alpha or gamma through monosynaptic or multisynaptic corticospinal pathways, which converge respectively on alpha or gamma motoneurons in the spinal cord. Several scenarios are evaluated based on the central oscillation signal passing down to the spinal motoneurons via each descending pathway. The simulated behaviors are compared with clinical essential tremor characteristics to identify the corticospinal pathways responsible for transmitting the central oscillation signal. A propriospinal neuron with strong cortical inhibition performs a gating function in the generation of essential tremor. Our results indicate that the propriospinal neuronal network is essential for relaying the central oscillation signal and the production of essential tremor.

关键词： nerve regeneration neurodegeneration essential tremor propriospinal neurons motoneuron reflex modeling motor control oscillation neurological disorder movement disorder computational neuroscience neural regeneration