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Changes in Some Nutritional and Mineral Components of nerica Rice Varieties as Affected by Field Application with Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer in Northern Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 823-839页

作者： Maurice Gandebe Albert Ngakou Robert Ndjouenkeu Institute of Research for Agricultural Development (IRAD) Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National High School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Rice as staple food is the most important and valuable cereal crop in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas where poor population cannot afford to cook and eat at their convenience. With the outbreak of nerica varieties, it is important to evaluate and compare their nutritional and mineral properties to those of the local ones prior to their vulgarisation. Therefore, some nutritional and mineral properties of 4 nerica and a local seeds varieties used in this study were harvested from control (T0), chemical fertilizer (TE), mycorrhiza (TM) applied plants, or their mixture (TEM). These seeds originating from Wakwa and/or Yagoua experimental sites were assessed and compared in a split-plot design (4 × 5) × 3 between treatments (4) and varieties (5). The local DIR-95 variety had values close to those of nerica varieties in all the parameters assessed. Protein contents ranged from 17.66% - 24.35%, and was higher than those reported in rice samples elsewhere. All the studied varieties were classified as high amylose rice, and therefore, their textures in cooked form should be less sticky and harder, which is convenient to the diet behavior of many consumers. The relative low Fe content in nerica rice suggest that these varieties may be resistant to Fe accumulation in seeds. The P, N, Mg contents were found to be more elevated in seeds harvested from mycorrhiza or chemical fertilizer applied plants, with nerica seeds variety FKR62-N as the best of all in nutrients mineral and nutritional compositions. These results confirm varietal and site influences on proximate and mineral contents in the studied rice varieties.

关键词： nerica Rice Mycorrhiza Nutritional Properties Mineral Contents Chemical Fertilizer

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Effect of Rice Straw Biochar on Soil Quality and the Early Growth and Biomass Yield of Two Rice Varieties

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 798-806页

作者： Alie Kamara Hawanatu Sorie Kamara Mohamed Saimah Kamara Department of Soil Science School of Agriculture Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Njala Agricultural Research Centre Njala University Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture Ahmadiyya Secondary School Freetown Sierra Leone

Sustainable rice production in Sierra Leone faces serious constraints due to soil acidity, low cation exchange capacity, low nutrient contents accelerated mineralization of soil organic matter and soil loss by erosion (particularly on the uplands). One possible approach to addressing the soil constraints to rice production both on uplands and lowlands of Sierra Leone is the recycling of rice residues through biochar production and application to soils. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of application of biochar from rice residues on (i) soil physicochemical properties and (ii) the early growth characteristics of two rice varieties, nerica L19 and ROK3. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two biochar levels (0 and 15 g/kg soil) and two rice varieties in three replications. For the biochar treated soils (+biochar), 75 g rice straw biochar was applied to 5 kg air-dry soil (15 kg biochar/kg soil), mixed thoroughly and placed into perforated black polythene bags. Seeds of two rice varieties, nerica L19 and ROK3 were planted on the treated and untreated soils for eight weeks. Application of biochar improved available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity in biochar treated soils compared to the control soil without biochar. Plant height, tiller number, and dry biomass weight of both rice varieties grown in soils amended with rice straw biochar were significantly higher than those on untreated soils. The most remarkable increase in plant growth characteristics as a result of biochar addition to soil was reflected in the biomass yield and tiller numbers. Dry shoot biomass for ROK3 rice variety varied significantly from a mean of 3.5 g (control) to 26.2 g (+biochar) while tiller numbers significantly varied from 10 (control) to 29.6 (+biochar). Similarly, for nerica L19 rice variety, dry shoot biomass increased significantly from 4.5 g (control) to 22.7 g (+biochar) while tiller numbers incr

关键词： Rice Straw Biochar nerica L19 ROK3 Rice Growth

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Yield Response of Direct Seeded <i>Aus</i>Rice Varieties under Rainfed Condition

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 416-434页

作者： Uttam Kumar Ghosh Md. Arifur Rahman Khan M Abdul Karim Md Anamul Haque Department of Agronomy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh

Rainfed Aus rice is a popular conventional rice cultivation technique that through appropriate variety selection can accelerate the benefits of the farmer. On this context, an experiment was carried out at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur1706 from April to August in 2014 to evaluate yield performance of some Aus rice varieties under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two sets of treatments: water regime as irrigated (irrigation when necessary) and rainfed (dependent on rainfall) in the main plot and 15 varieties into sub-plots. It was revealed that yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by water regime, variety and their interaction. The traits like number of effective tillers and non-effective tillers·hill-1, number of filled grains and unfilled grains panicle-1, panicle length, test weight, grain yield and harvest index were higher in irrigated crops compared to rainfed. Considering the performance of yield, the highest grain yield recorded in BRRI dhan27 (irrigated-2.47 t·ha-1 and rainfed-2.26 t·ha-1) followed by BRRI dhan55 (irrigated-1.95 t·ha-1 and rainfed-1.88 t·ha-1), BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan43 under both irrigated and rainfed treatment. BRRI dhan27 ranked the top under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, however the relative yield was maximum in BRRI dhan55 (reduction was only 3.59%) followed by nerica10. Hence, considering the yield stability and absolute yield performance, BRRI dhan27 may be considered favorably cultivable for Aus season in Bangladesh followed by BRRI dhan55, BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan43.

关键词： Irrigation Rice Varietal Performance nerica Relative Yield

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Impact of Rice Stem Borers and Identification of <i>Orseolia oryzivora</i>Harris &Gagné, 1982 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Biotypes in the Southern Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 111-123页

作者： Karine Moche Paul-Alain Nana Liliane Tandzi Ngoune Champlain Djieto-Lordon Noé Woin Télesphore Sime-Ngando Laboratory of Entomology Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Oceanography and Limnology Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory Microorganisms: Genome and Environment (LMGE) Clermont Auvergne University Clermont-Ferrand France Department of Agriculture College of Basic and Apply Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Laboratory of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

The study compares the impact due to rice stem borers in two sites (Yaoundé and Ntui). It also shows the diversity of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM) biotypes in southern Cameroon (Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom, Yaoundé and Ntui). The New Rice for Africa (nerica) varieties 3, 8, 9 and 13 sown in Ntui were less attacked than those sown in Yaoundé. At both sites, damages ranged from 0.78% to 2.7%. In terms of diversity, the main stem-borer species were O. oryzivora, Diopsis apicalis, D. longiconis and Chilo zacconius. Molecular analyses of Orseolia oryzivora larvae collected in the localities of Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom and Yaoundé showed the existence of more than one O. oryzivora biotype in southern Cameroon’s rice basins.

关键词： Biotype Larvae nerica Orseolia sp PCR

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Rice Production Prospects in Eritrea

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第17期7卷 1429-1434页

作者： Ramesh Prasad Tripathi Woldeselassie Ogbazghi Semere Amlesom Department of Land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Rice is not cultivated in Eritrea because of its high water requirements and arid to semiarid conditions. However, most agricultural watersheds in Eritrea are associated with >80% non-agricultural lands, which produce significant runoff that can be diverted for use by rice crop. Experiments were conducted at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea, using four nerica rice varieties viz. N1, N4, N10 and N11 under rainfed (Io) and limited supplementary irrigations (I) in 3 replications. Results showed that plants were taller under limited irrigations than rainfed. Among the 4 varieties, N11 was most affected by water stress in which plant height was 0.72 m under rainfed and 0.89 m under limited irrigations. Effective tillers were highest (6) in N11 under limited irrigations and lowest (2) in N10 under rainfed. Panicles were shorter (0.20 m) in N10 and longer (0.23 - 0.24 m) in N1 and N11. Irrigations delayed maturity by 6 - 15 days. Water use by N11 was higher both under limited irrigations (987 mm) and rainfed (477 mm) and lower by N10 under rainfed (457 mm). Root growth in all the varieties was better under irrigations (I) than rainfed (Io). Roots were limited to 0.7 m depth under rainfed (Io) but grew down to 0.8 m in N1, N4 and N11 under limited irrigations (I). Roots in N10 were limited to 0.5 m depth under Io and 0.7 m under I. More than 63% roots in N10 were in 0 - 0.1 m layer under rainfed as against less than 55% under limited irrigations. In lower layers, roots under Io were more in N4 than others, which is a beneficial trait for better performance under semiarid environments. Roots in N11 were better and uniformly distributed in lower layers under irrigated conditions. Rooting patterns and grain yields showed that N11 was most responsive to irrigations but susceptible to water stress and N4 was best under rainfed followed by N10. N4 was next to N11 under irrigated conditions.

关键词： Irrigated and Rainfed Rice nerica Rice Eritrea Root Growth Water Use Yield

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Growth, Nutrient Uptake Efficiency and Yield of Upland Rice as Influenced by Two Compost Types in Tropical Rainforest-Derived Savannah Transition Zone

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 383-393页

作者： Oyeyemi Adigun Dada Adeniyi Olumuyiwa Togun James Alabi Adediran Francis E. Nwilene African Rice Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan Nigeria Department of Botany University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Agriculture Research and Training Ibadan Nigeria

Cultivating traditional upland rice cultivars on nutrient depleted soil causes poor and low yield. Little attention is paid to performance of inter-specific nerica cultivars grown on nutrient deficient soil augmented with different types of compost. Therefore, field trials were conducted during 2010 and 2011 planting seasons in Ibadan to evaluate growth, dry matter, nutrient uptake efficiency and grain yield of upland rice grown on nutrient deficient soil augmented with different types of compost. There were nine treatments comprising of three upland rice cultivars: nerica I, nerica II and Ofada, two compost types applied at the rate of 8 t·ha-1: poultry dropping + maize stover (PDMC) and cattle dung + maize stover (CDMC) and control. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. CDMC enhanced growth, nutrient use efficiency, dry matter and grain yield of upland rice cultivars. Performance of Ofada was better than nerica cultivars. N (24.55 g), P (12.45 g) and K (35.41 g) uptake concentration and grain yield (5.45 t/ha) were highest in Ofada plots augmented with CDMC. Residual effect of compost on growth, yield and nutrient uptake efficiency of upland rice on nutrient deficient soil was marginal.

关键词： nerica Compost Poor Soil Dry Matter Nutrient Uptake Efficiency

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